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Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12, or duodecane) is an oily liquid n-alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C12H26 (which has 355 isomers).
Dodecane is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component.
Dodecane is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in nuclear reprocessing plants.
CAS Number: 112-40-3
Molecular Formula: C12H26
Molecular Weight: 170.33
EINECS Number: 203-967-9
DODECANE, n-Dodecane, 112-40-3, Dihexyl, Bihexyl, Adakane 12, 93685-81-5, N-Dodecan, Duodecane, Ba 51-090453, NSC 8714, CCRIS 661, dodecan, Dodekan, HSDB 5133, EINECS 203-967-9, UNII-11A386X1QH, BRN 1697175, DTXSID0026913, CHEBI:28817, 11A386X1QH, NSC-8714, DTXCID906913, EC 203-967-9, 4-01-00-00498 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 93924-07-3, Undecane, methyl-, n-Dodecan [German], CH3-(CH2)10-CH3, CH3-[CH2]10-CH3, Hydrocarbons, C4,1,3-butadiene-free, polymd., triisobutylene fraction, hydrogenated, 129813-67-8, D12, normal dodecane, Normal Paraffin M, EINECS 297-629-8, EINECS 300-199-7, MFCD00008969, Norpar 13, Dodecane, 99%, Alkane C(12), 1-DODECANE, DODECANE [HSDB], DODECANE [INCI], C12-N-ALKANE, EC 300-199-7, Dodecane(mixture of isomers), Dodecane, analytical standard, CHEMBL30959, Density Standard 749 kg/m3, Dodecane, anhydrous, >=99%, WLN: 12H, CH3(CH2)10CH3, NSC8714, Tox21_303615, Dodecane, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, LMFA11000004, STL280320, Dodecane, technical, >=90% (GC), AKOS015904160, NCGC00166012-01, NCGC00257481-01, CAS-112-40-3, DA-16704, LS-14163, CS-0152244, D0968, NS00009666, D5580 n-Dodecane, 1.5% w/w in Isooctane, C08374, Q150744, 1310FACD-F2BF-4FD7-BC20-B21DF06EDE79, J-002767, Dodecane, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), F0001-0259, Density Standard 749 kg/m3, H&D Fitzgerald Ltd. Quality, InChI=1/C12H26/c1-3-5-7-9-11-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-12H2,1-2H
Dodecane is a straight-chain alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C12H26.
Dodecane is composed of twelve carbon atoms bonded together in a continuous chain with twenty-six hydrogen atoms attached to them.
Dodecane is a colorless, odorless liquid at room temperature and is commonly used as a solvent, as a component in fuels, and in various industrial applications.
Dodecane is also used in laboratory settings as a reference material and for analytical purposes.
Dodecane is a hydrocarbon ingredient, meaning it’s composed of the elements carbon and hydrogen.
It belongs to the alkane class, a group of saturated, chemically inert emollients that help prevent water loss from skin and lend a supple texture to skin’s surface.
Of particular note is that dodecane has very light, nearly weightless feel despite its emollient nature.
Dodecane may be derived from plants or made synthetically (Paula’s Choice uses the former).
It’s supplied as a clear, free-flowing liquid.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes.
These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms.
Dodecane, also known as bihexyl or CH3-[CH2]10-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes.
These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, and consist entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms.
Dodecane is a hydrocarbon lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.
Dodecane is found in higher concentrations in black walnuts and butter and lower amounts in lamb, cocoa, dill, wild strawberry, peas, tea and papaya.
Dodecane was detected in garden tomatoes.
Dodecane is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon that is found in black walnut that has 355 isomers.
It is an oily liquid of the paraffin series.
Dodecane is a colorless liquid that has a boiling point of 421.3° F at 760 mm Hg and a melting point of 14.7° F.
Dodecane is very soluble in ethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform.
Dodecane is stable under recommended storage conditions.
However, under elevated temperatures, it decomposes to emit irritating fumes and smoke.
Dodecane is hydroborated with baron trifluoride and sodium borohydride in diglyme.
Aqueous Dodecane is then added followed by aqueous nitrate. Dodecane is produced as the product.
Dodecane, C12H26, is a flammable, colorless liquid with specific gravity 0.749.
Dodecane occurs in the paraffin fraction of petroleum.
Dodecane is released to the environment by wastewater and spills from laboratory and general use of paraffins, petroleum oils, and tars.
Dodecane, clear, colorless liquid with a mild aliphatic hydrocarbon odor.
An odor threshold concentration of 620 ppbv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
In recent years, Dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels.
Dodecane is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting n-decane, primarily due to its higher molecular mass and lower hydrogen-to-carbon ratio which better reflect the n-alkane content of jet fuels.
Dodecane, also known as bihexyl or CH3-[CH2]10-CH3, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes.
These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2 , and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms.
Thus, Dodecane is considered to be a hydrocarbon.
Dodecane is an alkane tasting compound.
Dodecane is found, on average, in the highest concentration within black walnuts (Juglans nigra).
Dodecane has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as soy beans (Glycine max), carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus), papayas (Carica papaya), mung beans (Vigna radiata), and sweet cherries (Prunus avium).
This could make Dodecane a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dodecane is a secondary metabolite.
Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules.
In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites.
Dodecane, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as asthma and clostridium difficile infection; Dodecane has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder celiac disease.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on N-Dodecane.
Dodecane is a nonpolar molecule, meaning it does not have a net electrical charge and is insoluble in water.
It has a relatively high boiling point (about 216°C or 421°F) and a density close to 0.75 g/cm³ at room temperature.
Like other alkanes, dodecane is relatively stable under normal conditions and is not reactive with most common chemicals.
However, Dodecane can undergo combustion reactions in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the process.
Dodecane is often used as a nonpolar solvent in various chemical reactions and processes, particularly in organic chemistry laboratories.
Dodecane can be found as a component in certain fuels, including gasoline and diesel, where it contributes to the overall mixture's properties such as volatility and combustion characteristics.
Dodecane is utilized in industries such as cosmetics, plastics, and textiles as a processing aid, lubricant, or component in formulations.
Dodecane serves as a reference material and standard in analytical chemistry techniques such as gas chromatography.
While dodecane is typically a colorless liquid at room temperature, its physical properties can vary depending on factors such as impurities, isomeric composition, and temperature.
Isomeric forms of dodecane may have slightly different physical properties, such as boiling points or densities.
Dodecane is highly hydrophobic, meaning it repels water.
This property makes it useful in applications where water needs to be excluded, such as in oil-based formulations or experiments where water interference is undesirable.
Dodecane is soluble in many nonpolar organic solvents such as hexane, ether, and chloroform.
However, it is sparingly soluble in polar solvents like water due to its nonpolar nature.
In addition to its use as a solvent, dodecane is also employed in various analytical techniques.
For example, it can be used as a reference compound in spectroscopic analyses or as a standard in calibration curves for chromatography.
While dodecane itself is a simple hydrocarbon, it can be derivatized or functionalized to introduce specific chemical groups or properties.
This allows for the synthesis of dodecane-based compounds with tailored characteristics for particular applications.
Like all chemicals, dodecane is subject to regulatory oversight in terms of handling, storage, transportation, and disposal.
Regulations may vary by region, and users should be aware of applicable laws and guidelines.
Ongoing research explores novel applications and uses for dodecane, including its incorporation into advanced materials, nanotechnology, and biotechnology.
Additionally, efforts are made to enhance its production efficiency and environmental sustainability.
Melting point: -9.6 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 215-217 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.75 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 5.96 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 47.8 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.421(lit.)
Flash point: 181.4 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Soluble in acetone, alcohol, chloroform, ether (Weast, 1986), and many hydrocarbons
form: Liquid
pka: >14 (Schwarzenbach et al., 1993)
Specific Gravity: 0.749 (20/4℃)
color: Colorless
Odor: alkane
Odor Threshold: 0.11ppm
Viscosity: 1.98mm2/s
explosive limit 0.6%(V)
Water Solubility: <0.1 g/100 mL at 25 ºC
BRN: 1697175
Henry's Law Constant: 29.7(atm?m3/mol) at 25 °C (calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure, Tolls et al., 2002) Interfacial tension
Dielectric constant: 2.0（20℃）
InChIKey: SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 6.100
Dodecane, Reagent is also known as duodecane or dihexyl.
It is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon that is oily.
Dodecane has been used as a distillation chaser, a solvent and a scintillator component.
The Reagent grade denotes that this chemical is the highest quality commercially available and that the American Chemical Society has not officially set any specifications for this material.
Spectrum Chemical manufactured Reagent grade products meet the toughest regulatory standards for quality and purity.
Dodecane is isolated from the kerosene and gas oil fractions of crude oil by selective adsorption and subsequent desorption to yield mixtures of paraffins that can be separated by fractional distillation.
Dodecane is a hydrocarbon that is used in the production of plastics and lubricants.
Dodecane can be found in a variety of products such as chewing gum, paints, waxes, and insecticides.
Dodecane exists as an oil at room temperature.
Dodecane has a high affinity for water vapor and will form hydrogen bonds with the molecule.
Hydroxyl ions can also bind to Dodecane, which causes it to expand when heated and become less dense when cooled.
The transport properties of Dodecane are dependent on its size and shape.
This hydrocarbon has a hydrophobic effect which enables it to be used as a catalyst in reactions involving acid complexes or cationic surfactants.
Kinetic studies have shown that Dodecane has microbial infection prevention properties against microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cere.
Dodecane is found in small amounts in certain natural sources such as crude oil and natural gas.
Dodecane is one of the many hydrocarbons present in these fossil fuels, often occurring alongside other alkanes of different chain lengths.
Dodecane can be synthesized through various methods, including the hydrogenation of longer chain alkenes or through the refining processes used in the petroleum industry.
It can also be produced synthetically from other hydrocarbons or by catalytic processes.
Dodecane exhibits interesting phase behavior.
At low temperatures, it solidifies into a crystalline structure, forming a waxy solid.
As the temperature increases, it transitions into a liquid phase, and eventually, at its boiling point, it becomes a vapor.
Dodecane is commonly used as an extraction solvent in organic chemistry.
Its nonpolar nature makes it suitable for extracting nonpolar compounds from complex mixtures.
Dodecane is often used as a mobile phase or stationary phase in column chromatography techniques, where compounds are separated based on their interactions with the stationary phase and mobile phase.
Dodecane is sometimes used as a phase transfer catalyst in organic synthesis reactions, facilitating the transfer of ions or polar molecules between immiscible phases.
While dodecane itself is not considered highly toxic or environmentally hazardous, its combustion products, like carbon dioxide and water, contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution when burned as a fuel.
Additionally, spills of dodecane can pose risks to aquatic ecosystems if not properly managed.
Dodecane continues to be of interest in research and development efforts, particularly in areas such as green chemistry, where its use as a solvent in place of more hazardous alternatives is explored.
Dodecane exists in several structural isomers, meaning molecules with the same chemical formula but different arrangements of atoms.
These isomers can exhibit slightly different physical and chemical properties.
Dodecane is generally considered to have low toxicity and is not highly flammable, proper safety precautions should still be observed when handling it, particularly in industrial or laboratory settings.
Dodecane may be used as an inorganic diluent to form an organic phase along with decanol as an active diluent and tri-n-octylamine as an extractant.
This system may be used for the extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions.
Uses Of Dodecane:
Dodecane may be utilized as an inorganic diluent to form an organic phase together with tri-n-octylamine as an extractant and decanol as an active diluent.
Notably, this system can also be employed in the extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions.
Dodecane can be used as a flavoring agent in food processing.
Dodecane has been used in the aviation industry as an alternate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A.
Dodecane has also been used as a lubricant and additive to lubricants.
Dodecane is used as an adhesive and sealants.
Dodecane is a component of gasoline and is used as solvent, in organic synthesis, in jet fuel research, as a distillation chaser, and in the rubber and paper processing industries.
Solvent; jet fuel research; rubber industry; manufacturing paraffin products; paper processing industry; standardized hydrocarbon; distillation chaser; gasoline component; organic synthesis.
Dodecaneis used as a solvent and a distillation chaser.
Dodecane finds application as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in reprocessing plants and as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels in jet.
Dodecane is an active component of scintillator as well as used in lubricants and greases.
Constituent in paraffin fraction of petroleum.
Dodecane may be present in stormwater runoff from asphalted roadways and general use of petroleum oils and tars (quoted, Verschueren).
Schauer et al. (1999) reported dodecane in diesel fuel at a concentration of 15,500 μg/g and in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 503 μg/kg.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained dodecane at a concentration of 136 mg/kg.
Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 83.9 and 1,770 μg/km, respectively.
Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products.
Also identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method.
Dodecane is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, adhesives and sealants, coating products, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids, metal working fluids and washing & cleaning products.
Dodecane is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Dodecane is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use as processing aid, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Dodecane is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products and perfumes and fragrances.
Release to the environment of Dodecane can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation in materials, as processing aid, manufacturing of the substance, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Dodecane is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, coating products, metal working fluids, adhesives and sealants, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids, washing & cleaning products and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Dodecane is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, health services and scientific research and development.
Dodecane is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Dodecane can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, manufacturing of the substance, as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Release to the environment of Dodecane can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, formulation in materials, formulation of mixtures, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Dodecane is utilized in cosmetics and personal care products as an emollient, solvent, and spreading agent.
Dodecane helps to enhance the texture and feel of products such as creams, lotions, and makeup by providing a smooth and non-greasy consistency.
In the textile industry, dodecane may be used as a lubricant or softening agent in textile processing.
Dodecane can help to improve the flexibility and hand feel of fabrics during various manufacturing processes.
Dodecane is sometimes employed as a solvent or diluent in paint formulations.
Dodecane can assist in adjusting the viscosity of paints and coatings, improving their application properties and flow characteristics.
Dodecane may be included in adhesive formulations to regulate viscosity and improve adhesive spreadability.
Dodecane can contribute to the overall performance and bonding strength of adhesives used in construction, automotive, and other industries.
In the oil and gas industry, dodecane is used as a reference compound in laboratory analyses of crude oil and petroleum products.
Dodecane helps in characterizing the composition and properties of hydrocarbon mixtures.
While not directly used as a food ingredient, dodecane may have indirect applications in food processing, such as in the extraction of natural flavors or fragrances from plant materials.
Dodecane can aid in isolating and concentrating desirable compounds.
Dodecane is extensively used in research and development across various scientific disciplines, including chemistry, materials science, and environmental science.
Its properties make it a versatile tool for studying chemical reactions, materials behavior, and environmental processes.
Dodecane can be incorporated into surfactant formulations to modify their properties, such as foaming ability and stability.
It may also serve as a carrier for active ingredients in surfactant-based products like detergents and cleaning agents.
Dodecane is frequently used as a nonpolar solvent in chemical reactions, particularly in organic synthesis and extraction processes.
Its ability to dissolve nonpolar compounds makes it valuable in dissolving and separating substances.
Dodecane serves as a component in fuels such as gasoline and diesel.
Dodecane's presence in these fuels helps to control their properties, including volatility and combustion characteristics.
In industries like cosmetics, plastics, and textiles, dodecane functions as a processing aid, lubricant, or component in formulations.
Dodecane can help in controlling viscosity, improving texture, or enhancing the properties of final products.
Dodecane is used in analytical chemistry as a reference material and standard, particularly in chromatography techniques.
Its known properties and stability make it useful for calibrating instruments and analyzing samples.
Due to its nonpolar nature, dodecane is employed as an extraction solvent, particularly in the extraction of nonpolar compounds from complex mixtures.
Dodecane can selectively dissolve target compounds, aiding in their isolation and purification.
Dodecane is utilized as a mobile phase or stationary phase in column chromatography.
In this technique, compounds are separated based on their interactions with the stationary and mobile phases, allowing for purification and analysis.
Dodecane acts as a phase transfer catalyst in certain organic synthesis reactions.
Dodecane facilitates the transfer of ions or polar molecules between immiscible phases, aiding in the progress of chemical reactions.
Dodecane is used as a reagent in various laboratory procedures, including chemical synthesis and experimentation.
Its consistent properties make it a reliable component in research and development.
Safety Profile Of Dodecane:
Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as Dodecane, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid.
Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles.
In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive.
They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents.
When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Pass it through a column of Linde type 13X molecular sieves.
Store it in contact with, and distil it from sodium.
Pass through a column of activated silica gel.
Dodecane has been crystallised from diethyl ether at -60o.
Unsaturated dry material which remained after passage through silica gel has been removed by catalytic hydrogenation (Pt2O) at 45lb/in2 (3.06 atmospheres), followed by fractional distillation under reduced pressure.
It has also purified by partial crystallisation from the melt.
Dodecane is a flammable liquid and vapor.
It can form explosive mixtures with air and may ignite if exposed to heat, sparks, or flames.
Proper storage and handling procedures should be followed to minimize the risk of fire and explosion.
Although dodecane is not highly toxic, exposure to high concentrations or prolonged exposure may cause irritation to the respiratory system, skin, and eyes.
Inhalation of vapor or mist may lead to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, and irritation of the throat and lungs.
Skin contact may cause irritation or dermatitis, especially in sensitive individuals.
Dodecane may have adverse effects on the environment if released into the soil, water, or air.
While it is not considered persistent or bioaccumulative, large spills or releases could contaminate water bodies, soil, or groundwater, potentially harming aquatic life and ecosystems.
