DRAGOSINE

Dragosine is a dipeptide composed of β-alanine and L-histidine that has been found in rat olfactory bulb, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney, and spleen tissues, as well as human skeletal muscle, and has diverse biological activities. 
Dragosine is a metal chelator that forms complexes with copper, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, or zinc. 
Dragosine reduces plasma levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetic rats. 

CAS Number: 305-84-0
Molecular Formula: C9H14N4O3
Molecular Weight: 226.23
EINECS Number: 206-169-9

Synonyms: 305-84-0, L-Carnosine, ss-Alanyl-L-histidine; Carnosine (8CI); ss-Alanyl-L-histidine; 2: PN: WO2009033754 PAGE: 98 claimed protein; Dragosine; Ignotin; Ignotine; Karnozin; L-Carnosine; N-(ss-Alanyl)-L-histidine; NSC 524045; Sevitin; ss-Alanylhistidine, N-B-ALANYL-L-HISTIDINE;H-BETA-ALA-HIS-OH;L-IGNOTINE;L-BETA-ALANINE HISTIDINE;L-CARNOSINE;B-ALANYL-L-HISTIDINE;BETA-A-H;BETA-ALANYL-L-HISTIDINE

Dragosine reduces brain edema, blood-brain barrier disruption, microglial activation, and neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage when administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg. L-Carnosine (250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg, i.p.) reduces hepatic protein carbonylation and necrosis in a rat model of cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation.
Dragosine also reduces lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and TNF-α and IL-6 levels, as well as alveolar hemorrhage, interstitial edema, and pulmonary leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of LPS-induced lung injury.

Dragosine is a patented ingredient developed by the company Dragoco (now part of Symrise), primarily used in skincare and cosmetic formulations. 
It is known for its benefits in enhancing skin health and appearance.
Dragosine is a dipeptide that is the N-(beta-alanyl) derivative of L-histidine. 

Dragosine has a role as an anticonvulsant, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a neuroprotective agent and a geroprotector. 
It is a conjugate acid of a carnosinate. 
It is a tautomer of a carnosine zwitterion.

Dragosine is a dipeptide comprising beta-alanine and histidine. 
Dragosine is found in muscular and other tissues. 
It has strong oxidant property as it can scavenge both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). 

Dragosine acts as a cytosolic buffering agent and as a regulator of macrophage function.
Attributing to its ability to form complexes with transition metals, it is used to regulate the content of transition metal ions in biological fluids and tissues.
Dragosine can prevent aging and can be used to prevent or treat complications of diabetes such as nerve damage, eye disorders (cataracts), and kidney problems.

Potential therapeutic actions of carnosine include antihypertensive effects, immunomodulation, would healing, and antitumor/chemopreventive effects. 
The chelate compound of zinc ion and carnosine has been used in Japan for gastritis, gastric ulcers, and dyspepsia symptoms.
Dragosine is a dipeptide found at millimolar concentration in brain, muscle and the lens of the eye. 

In model systems it is a potent antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals and transition metal ions. 
Dragosine blocks protein-protein and protein-DNA cross-links induced by hypochlorite anions and toxic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and malondialdehyde, the primary product of lipid peroxidation. 
It also inhibits nonenzymatic protein glycation induced by aldose and ketose reducing sugars and inhibits the formation of toxic advanced glycation end products (AGE). 

These activities make it of interest in studies of aging, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer′s disease, and the secondary effects of diabetes.
Dragosine is a nature-identical dipeptide (ß-Alanyl-L-histidin) present in millimolar concentrations in muscle tissues. 
In cosmetic products, Dragosine is used as an anti-aging ingredient due to its powerful antioxidant properties. 

In addition, Dragosine has been shown to stimulate collagen synthesis and prevent glycation of the skin.
In latest research findings, Dragosine has been shown to have excellent results in the prevention of hyperpigmentation and oxidative damage induced by high-energy visible light. 
Dragosine acts as an anti-oxidant, anti-aging and anti-glycating agent. 

Dragosine is a non-animal derived product. It scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) & reactive carbonyl species (RCS). 
Prevents cross-linking of macromolecules like collagen. 
Dragosine is used in anti-aging skin care preparations.

Dragosine is derived from natural plant sources, specifically from the extract of the dragon’s blood tree (Croton lechleri), known for its traditional use in indigenous medicine.
The extract contains various bioactive compounds, including proanthocyanidins and other polyphenols, which are responsible for its beneficial effects.
Dragosine has anti-inflammatory properties, which help in reducing redness and swelling in the skin. 

This makes it beneficial for products aimed at soothing irritated or inflamed skin.
Dragosine acts as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and protecting the skin from oxidative stress. 
This helps in preventing premature aging and maintaining skin vitality.

The ingredient is known to promote wound healing and skin regeneration. 
It accelerates the repair of damaged skin and improves overall skin texture.
Dragosine is used in products designed for sensitive skin due to its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

Its antioxidant benefits make it a popular choice in anti-aging formulations, where it helps combat the effects of environmental stress and aging.
Dragosine is included in formulations aimed at healing and regenerating damaged skin, such as post-procedure care products and treatments for scars.
The primary source of Dragosine is the dragon’s blood tree (Croton lechleri), native to the Amazon rainforest. 

The resin of this tree, known as “dragon’s blood,” has been traditionally used for its healing properties in indigenous medicine.
These are powerful antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress and protect skin cells from damage.
These compounds contribute to anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects.

Present in the extract, flavonoids enhance the antioxidant properties of Dragosine and support skin health.
In laboratory settings, Dragosine has shown significant antioxidant activity, which helps in neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative damage to skin cells.
Studies have demonstrated its ability to reduce inflammation markers, making it effective for soothing irritated or inflamed skin.

Clinical trials have observed improvements in skin healing and regeneration, particularly in formulations aimed at treating minor wounds or skin damage.
Long-term use has been linked with improved skin texture and reduction in signs of aging, such as fine lines and wrinkles, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Dragosine is formulated to remain stable and effective over time in cosmetic products. 

Its compatibility with other ingredients ensures that it can be used alongside various actives without compromising efficacy.
Dragosine is effective within a broad pH range, making it suitable for incorporation into a variety of product formulations, from acidic to neutral pH.

Melting point: 253 °C (dec.) (lit.)
alpha: 20.9 º (c=1.5, H2O)
Boiling point: 367.84°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.2673 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 21 ° (C=2, H2O)
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: DMSO (Very Slightly), Water (Slightly)
form: crystalline
pka: 2.62(at 25℃)
color: White
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
optical activity: +24.120
Water Solubility: almost transparency
Merck: 14,1850
BRN: 87671
Stability: Stable, but may be heat sensitive - store cold. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: CQOVPNPJLQNMDC-ZETCQYMHSA-N
LogP: -3.8 at 22℃

Dragosine is generally considered safe when taken by mouth for short periods of time or when used by adults on the skin. 
However, there can be rare side effects, including rash, itchiness, dry mouth, changes in appetite, feelings of tiredness or vivid dreams. 
Rare but severe possible zinc carnosine side effects include decreased white blood cells, disorder of the digestive system and sideroblastic anemia. 

Dragosine is a dipeptide found at millimolar concentration in brain, muscle and the lens of the eye. 
In model systems it is a potent antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals and transition metal ions. 
It blocks protein-protein and protein-DNA cross-links induced by hypochlorite anions and toxic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and malondialdehyde, the primary product of lipid peroxidation. 

Dragosine also inhibits nonenzymatic protein glycation induced by aldose and ketose reducing sugars and inhibits the formation of toxic advanced glycation end products (AGE).
These activities make it of interest in studies of aging, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer′s disease, and the secondary effects of diabetes.
Dragosine is compatible with a wide range of other skincare ingredients, making it versatile for inclusion in various types of products, including creams, serums, and masks.

The effectiveness of Dragosine depends on its concentration in the formulation. Products are typically formulated to deliver optimal benefits without causing irritation.
As with any active ingredient, there is a possibility of allergic reactions or skin sensitivity. 
It’s advisable to perform a patch test before using new products containing Dragosine.

Dragosine is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and skincare products. 
Dragosine complies with relevant regulatory standards, but formulations should always be in line with safety guidelines.
Dragosine is positioned as an innovative ingredient in skincare, offering unique benefits derived from its natural source. 

Dragosine is often marketed as a premium component in high-quality skincare products.
Regular use of products containing Dragosine can contribute to improved skin health, including reduced inflammation, enhanced antioxidant protection, and accelerated healing.
Consumers may notice visible improvements in skin texture, tone, and overall appearance, particularly in products designed for sensitive or aging skin.

Dragosine enhances hydration and reduces inflammation in daily moisturizers.
Concentrated formulations that deliver high levels of Dragosine for targeted anti-aging and healing benefits.
Provides additional soothing and antioxidant benefits in daily cleansing routines.

Dragosine offers intensive treatment to soothe and repair the skin in a short period.
Although Dragosine is generally well-tolerated, it is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing this ingredient, especially for those with sensitive or allergy-prone skin.
Dragosine is regulated and approved for use in cosmetics by major regulatory bodies, ensuring that it meets safety and efficacy standards. 

Manufacturers must adhere to guidelines for concentration and formulation to ensure safety.
The sourcing of dragon’s blood resin is managed to avoid overharvesting and to ensure the sustainability of the tree populations. 
This aligns with growing consumer demand for ethically sourced and environmentally friendly ingredients.

As consumers become more interested in natural and plant-based skincare, Dragosine’s use of botanical extracts aligns with the trend toward using ingredients with traditional and natural origins.
Its association with luxury and high-quality formulations enhances its appeal in premium skincare lines.

Continued research into the properties and benefits of Dragosine may reveal additional uses and applications, further cementing its role in innovative skincare solutions.
The inclusion of Dragosine in a product can serve as a unique selling point, distinguishing products in a crowded market by highlighting their advanced and natural formulation.

Uses Of Dragosine:
Dragosine is a naturally-occurring histidine-containing compound and the biological role of this dipeptide is to act as cytosolic buffering agents. 
Other roles ascribed to L-Carnosine include action s as neurotransmitters, modulation of enzymic activities and chelation of heavy metals. 
Studies indicate an ability to boost the immunological functions. 

In cosmetics, Dragosine has anti-aging and skin-conditioning applications.
Dragosine’s antioxidant properties help neutralize free radicals, which can reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by preventing oxidative damage to skin cells.
It promotes skin regeneration and repair, contributing to smoother and more even skin texture over time.

Dragosine’s anti-inflammatory properties make it effective in soothing irritated or inflamed skin. 
It’s commonly included in products for sensitive skin, rosacea, or post-procedure care.
Helps in minimizing redness and discomfort associated with various skin conditions, providing a more even skin tone.

Dragosine supports the skin’s natural healing processes, making it beneficial for treating minor wounds, cuts, and abrasions.
It can be found in formulations aimed at reducing the appearance of scars and promoting more even skin regeneration.
By improving the skin’s barrier function, Dragosine helps to retain moisture, making it a useful ingredient in hydrating serums and creams.

Dragosine’s included in masks designed to provide intense hydration and repair.
Dragosine helps in reducing dullness and enhancing overall skin clarity, contributing to a brighter and more radiant complexion.
It supports a more uniform skin tone by reducing pigmentation and hyperpigmentation issues.

Dragosine’s antioxidant properties help shield the skin from damage caused by environmental pollutants and UV exposure.
Ideal for inclusion in daily skincare products aimed at providing protection from environmental stressors.
Dragosine is used in products for post-procedure care, such as after laser treatments or chemical peels, to soothe and accelerate healing.

Incorporated into high-end spa treatments for its rejuvenating and restorative benefits.
Its anti-inflammatory properties can be beneficial in formulations aimed at reducing acne-related inflammation and redness.
Formulated specifically for addressing skin redness and sensitivity, Dragosine helps in calming and reducing irritation.

Adds value to everyday moisturizers by enhancing skin hydration and offering protective benefits.
Included in these products to provide additional soothing and protective effects during the cleansing process.
Often featured in high-end and luxury skincare products due to its sophisticated properties and efficacy, making it appealing to consumers seeking advanced skincare solutions.

Dragosine can be concentrated in serums to deliver high doses of its active ingredients directly to the skin. This enhances its effectiveness in addressing specific issues like fine lines, dullness, and inflammation.
Ideal for use in targeted treatments that focus on particular areas of concern, such as under-eye serums or spot treatments for scars.
Its anti-inflammatory properties make Dragosine useful in eye creams designed to reduce puffiness and soothe the delicate skin around the eyes.

Helps in reducing dark circles and improving the overall appearance of the eye area by promoting skin regeneration and reducing oxidative stress.
Dragosine is used in lip balms and treatments to aid in the healing of chapped or damaged lips and to provide long-lasting hydration.
Offers protective benefits against environmental stressors that can affect lip skin.

Dragosine’s versatility allows for its incorporation into personalized skincare regimens tailored to individual needs, such as bespoke anti-aging or soothing treatments.
It can be adjusted for various skin types, including sensitive, dry, and combination skin, ensuring customized care.
Dragosine can be used in formulations that adapt to seasonal skin changes, such as providing extra hydration in winter or enhanced antioxidant protection in summer.

Safety Profile Of Dragosine:
Dragosine mildly toxic by intraperitoneal route. 
An experimental teratogen. 
Other experimental reproductive effects. 

When heated to decomposition Dragosine emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Although Dragosine is derived from natural sources and is generally well-tolerated, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or sensitivity. 
Symptoms can include redness, itching, or rash. 

Performing a patch test before using new products can help identify potential allergies.
In high concentrations, Dragosine might cause skin irritation, particularly in sensitive skin areas. 
It’s important for products to be formulated with the appropriate concentration to minimize this risk.

When combined with other potent skincare ingredients, such as acids or retinoids, there may be a risk of increased irritation. 
Formulators should ensure compatibility and stability of the product.
As with any ingredient, the risk of contamination during extraction and processing exists. 

Using Dragosine from reputable suppliers and ensuring strict quality control measures can mitigate this risk.
Dragosine must be used in accordance with regulatory guidelines and safety assessments provided by the manufacturer. 
Non-compliance with these guidelines can lead to potential safety issues or regulatory problems.