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E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is insoluble in water, but is available in water-dispersible, oil-dispersible and oil-soluble forms.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) has the activity of vitamin A.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is a tetraterpene with 11 conjugated double bonds that give the molecule an orange color.
CAS Number: 7235-40-7
Molecular Formula: C40H56
Molecular Weight: 536.87
EINECS Number: 230-636-6
Synonyms: SOLATENE;PROVITAMIN A1;PROVITAMIN A;TRANS-B-CAROTENE;TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE;(all-E)-1,1'-(3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaene-1,18-diyl)bis(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexene);1,1’-(3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaene-cyclohexen;1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-Octadecanonene,3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-1,18-cyclohex-1-ene,2,6,6-trimethyl-
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) intake and tissue/blood concentrations have been associated with reduced incidence of several chronic diseases.
Further bioactive carotenoid-metabolites can modulate the expression of specific genes mainly via the nuclear hormone receptors: retinoic acid receptor- and retinoid X receptor-mediated signalling.
To better understand the metabolic conversion of β-carotene, inter-individual differences regarding E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) bioavailability and bioactivity are key steps that determine its further metabolism and bioactivation and mediated signalling.
Major carotenoid metabolites, the retinoids, can be stored as esters or further oxidised and excreted via phase 2 metabolism pathways.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is widely distributed in both plant and animal kingdoms and is the most important pro-vitamin A.
In plants, it is almost always found with chlorophyll.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is a carotenoid compound that is present in large quantities in the human diet and subsequently is found in all human tissues, including blood.
High temperature encourages the isomerization of the double bonds, which lightens the color.
Absorption (blue) and fluorescence emission (red) spectra at four excitation wavelengths from E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) in hexane solvent at 23 °C are shown below.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is a natural pigment and a precursor of Vitamin A, commonly used as a food colorant and nutrient supplement.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) belongs to the carotenoid family, which includes a variety of naturally occurring pigments responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors found in many fruits, vegetables, and plants.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) specifically has a characteristic orange color, and it is most commonly derived from carrot, pumpkin, sweet potato, and other similar plant sources.
In the context of food production, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is typically used as a colorant in a range of products, especially those that require an orange or yellow hue.
The concentration levels of Beta Carotene used in food products vary, typically ranging between 1%, 5%, and 10%.
These variations allow for flexibility in color intensity, depending on the desired result for different food items, including beverages, dairy products, baked goods, and processed foods.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is widely recognized not only for its coloring properties but also for its provitamin A activity.
This means that when consumed, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) can be converted by the body into Vitamin A, a crucial nutrient essential for maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and skin health.
Because of its antioxidant properties, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) can help to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, contributing to overall cellular health.
In addition to its use in food, EE 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is also commonly added to dietary supplements and cosmetic products for its antioxidant effects and its ability to improve skin tone and complexion.
When used in skincare, Beta Carotene is valued for its role in promoting a healthy, radiant skin appearance, often found in products like moisturizers, sunscreens, and anti-aging formulations.
The concentration percentages of 1%, 5%, and 10% refer to the amount of E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) in relation to the total volume of the product.
For example, a food product containing E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) would have a relatively low amount, resulting in a mild color, while a product with 10% Beta Carotene would have a more intense orange color.
This range allows food manufacturers to tailor the color of their products to meet aesthetic preferences and consumer expectations.
Despite its widespread use and benefits, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) can cause some issues when consumed in excessive quantities.
Overconsumption of Beta Carotene is typically not harmful for the general population, as it is a fat-soluble nutrient, and the body regulates its conversion to Vitamin A.
However, very high levels of E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) from supplements—can lead to a condition known as carotenemia, which results in a yellowing of the skin, usually on the palms and soles of the feet.
This condition is generally harmless and reversible once the intake of Beta Carotene is reduced.
The use of Beta Carotene as a colorant is generally considered safe, and it is approved for use in many regions, including the European Union, United States, and Australia.
However, as with all food additives, it is essential to maintain appropriate limits to avoid any adverse effects, especially in individuals who are sensitive to high levels of carotenoids.
In summary, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is a versatile natural colorant and provitamin A source, widely used in the food industry to impart an orange or yellow color to a variety of products, while also contributing to the nutritional value of the products due to its Vitamin A precursor properties.
When used at 1%, 5%, or 10% concentrations, it provides flexibility for manufacturers to achieve the desired visual appearance of food and beverages, while also offering potential health benefits related to vision, immune function, and skin health.
However, like any additive, it should be used responsibly to avoid any undesirable side effects.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is an antioxidant and is one of the most important carotenoids and a source of vitamin A.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is abundantly present in fruits and vegetables which is also used as a food supplement and a colorant.
The most important of the provitamins A, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) can be classified as an antioxidant due to its inhibition of radical initiated peroxidation in vitro. However, in vivo it appears to act either as an antioxidant or a prooxidant depending on cellular environment.
It reduces the incidence of many cancers, but enhances lung cancer incidence in smokers.
Carotenoids are yellow, orange, and red pigments synthesized by plants.
The most common carotenoids in North American diets are α-carotene, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%), β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene.
Melting point: 178–179 °C
Boiling point: 644.94 °C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.000
Vapor pressure: 0.004 Pa at 25 °C
Refractive index: 1.5630 (estimate)
Flash point: 103 °C
Storage temp.: –20 °C
Solubility: Hexane: 100 μg/mL, soluble
Form: Powder
Color: Red to purple
Biological source: Synthetic
Water Solubility: Soluble in hexane, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, chloroform, cyclohexane. Insoluble in water.
Sensitive: Air & light sensitive
ε (extinction coefficient):
2160–2280 at 478–479 nm in hexane at 1% (vs. 2280 lit.)
2450–2590 at 450–452 nm in hexane at 1% (vs. 2590 lit.)
Merck: 14,1853
BRN: 1917416
Stability: Stable, but sensitive to air, heat and light. Store at –20 °C under nitrogen. Pyrophoric – may ignite spontaneously in air at room temperature.
InChIKey: OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N
LogP: 6.5 at 40 °C and pH 6.5
A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol.
A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid.
The richest sources of β-Carotene are yellow, orange, and green leafy fruits and vegetables (such as carrots, spinach, lettuce, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, broccoli, cantaloupe, and winter squash).
In general, the more intense the color of the fruit or vegetable, the more beta-carotene it has.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is one of the most common natural food colorants used for its ability to provide an orange to yellow hue.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is derived primarily from plant sources, particularly carrots and other orange vegetables, and sometimes from algae.
As a natural colorant, Beta Carotene is favored over synthetic colorants for its natural origin and its health benefits, making it a preferred choice in organic and health-conscious food products.
The 1%, 5%, and 10% concentration ranges allow for varying degrees of color intensity, with higher concentrations providing a deeper, more vibrant color.
For instance, in a food product such as a beverage, Beta Carotene at a 10% concentration would impart a stronger yellow or orange hue, while a 1% concentration would provide a more subtle color, suitable for foods like cheese, butter, or margarine where only a hint of color is desired.
Beyond food and drink, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is increasingly being used in dietary supplements as a source of Vitamin A.
Since Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining eye health, immune function, and cell growth, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is often used to fortify multivitamin tablets, capsules, and liquid supplements.
In this form, it serves not only as a source of nutrition but also as a natural alternative to synthetic Vitamin A additives, which are derived from animal products.
Another significant use of E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is in cosmetics and skincare products. Due to its antioxidant properties, Beta Carotene is included in many anti-aging and skin health products.
It helps to protect the skin from UV damage and contributes to the rejuvenation and repair of skin cells, which is why it is often found in moisturizers, serums, sunscreens, and anti-wrinkle creams. When applied topically, Beta Carotene can also help to even out skin tone and provide a natural, healthy glow.
When E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is used as a food colorant, it can be added in various forms, such as suspensions, solutions, or as a powder.
The form in which it is added can affect its stability and color intensity.
For example, liquid Beta Carotene tends to be easier to incorporate into beverages and liquid-based food products, while the powdered form is more commonly used in dry food products like snack foods, baked goods, or confectioneries.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is important to note that Beta Carotene is fat-soluble, which means that it is best absorbed when consumed with fats or oils, which is why it is often included in products that contain fat.
Although E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is generally safe for consumption, there are some potential health concerns associated with its use, especially in the context of high-dose supplements.
For example, excessive consumption of Beta Carotene has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer in smokers, although this is primarily a concern with high-dose supplements and not the amounts found in food products.
For most individuals, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) from dietary sources is considered safe and beneficial, and it provides a natural, non-toxic alternative to synthetic colorants.
The potential hazards related to E 106a Beta Carotene are minimal in food use, but it is worth noting that, in some cases, people may experience a mild allergic reaction to carotenoids, though this is relatively rare.
In addition, as previously mentioned, carotenemia can occur when excessive amounts of E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) are consumed, leading to a yellowish discoloration of the skin. While this is not harmful, it can be a noticeable cosmetic issue that resolves once Beta Carotene intake is reduced.
From a regulatory perspective, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is approved for use as a colorant in many regions, including the European Union (where it is listed as E 106a) and the United States (where it is classified as Beta Carotene).
It is considered a safe and well-tolerated additive when used in accordance with recommended guidelines.
The use of Beta Carotene as a colorant and nutrient supplement is supported by scientific studies that have shown its safety and efficacy, especially when consumed within recommended limits.
In summary, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) serves as a natural food colorant, a Vitamin A precursor, and a skin health ingredient, widely used in various food, beverage, dietary supplements, and cosmetic products.
Its health benefits, including antioxidant properties, immune support, and contributions to vision health, make it a valuable ingredient in many products.
While it is generally considered safe, consumers should avoid excessive intake, particularly through supplements, to avoid the risks of carotenemia and other potential side effects.
The versatility of Beta Carotene in multiple industries and its natural, non-toxic origin have made it a widely favored option in the modern marketplace.
Uses:
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is a known antioxidant, and antioxidants are substances that may protect your cells from free radicals, which may play a role in heart disease, cancer and other diseases.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is a coloring agent used in margarine, cheese and pudding to produce the desired color, and is also used as an additive to yellow-orange color.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is also a precursor to carotenoids and vitamin A.
It is beneficial in protecting the skin from dryness and peeling.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) also slows cognitive decline and is beneficial to human health.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is widely used in a variety of food products for its ability to provide a vibrant orange-yellow color, making it a common choice for coloring foods such as cheese, butter, margarine, snack foods, soft drinks, and confectioneries.
The concentration of Beta Carotene can vary depending on the desired shade, with concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% offering different levels of color intensity.
In some foods, particularly those with orange or yellow hues, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is used to enhance the natural appearance, while in others, it serves as the main source of color.
In addition to its role as a food colorant, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is used extensively in dietary supplements due to its rich content of provitamin A, a precursor to Vitamin A.
As Vitamin A is essential for maintaining eye health, immune function, and promoting cell growth, Beta Carotene is often included in multivitamins and vitamin A supplements to help support vision, skin health, and general well-being.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) can be particularly beneficial for people who have dietary deficiencies in Vitamin A or those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as it provides a plant-based source of the nutrient that is usually found in animal products like liver and fish oils.
Moreover, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is utilized in the cosmetic and skincare industry, primarily for its antioxidant properties.
It is often included in anti-aging products, moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens because of its ability to protect the skin from free radicals and UV damage, both of which contribute to the aging process and skin cancer.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) helps to repair and regenerate skin cells, promoting skin health by reducing signs of sun damage, fine lines, and wrinkles.
The compound is also used in skin tone correction products, where it can enhance skin radiance and even out complexion.
In addition to food and cosmetics, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is used in animal feed and livestock diets to improve the color of egg yolks and meat, providing a more appealing orange or yellow tint, which is often desired in food products derived from these animals.
It is also sometimes used in pet food, particularly in dog and cat food, to ensure the animals receive adequate nutrition and to enhance the color of products like pet treats or wet food.
Another important use of E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is in the pharmaceutical industry where it is used as a nutritional supplement for specific health purposes.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) supplements are often recommended to people suffering from conditions such as macular degeneration, vision problems, or immunity-related issues.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is also included in products aimed at promoting liver health, skin regeneration, and respiratory function, making it a versatile ingredient in therapeutic diets and natural remedy products.
In some applications, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is also used as a natural preservative in certain food products.
It acts as an antioxidant, preventing oxidation and spoilage of fats and oils in products, which can help extend their shelf life and improve their stability over time.
This is especially important in products that contain high levels of unsaturated fats like salad dressings, mayonnaise, and cooking oils, where oxidation could otherwise degrade the quality of the product.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is highly valued for its coloring ability, health benefits, and natural origin, making it a versatile ingredient in numerous industries, from food and cosmetics to pharmaceuticals and animal feed.
Its wide range of uses demonstrates how a single compound can serve various functions across different sectors, from enhancing the visual appeal of products to providing essential nutrients that support overall health and well-being.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is also an important ingredient in beverages, where it is used to impart a rich, vibrant color to products like fruit juices, energy drinks, and carbonated soft drinks.
Its ability to blend easily into liquid forms makes it a popular choice for manufacturers looking to create visually appealing drinks, especially those that feature natural fruit flavors.
The concentration of E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is carefully selected to achieve the desired hue without overwhelming the flavor or appearance of the product.
It is particularly useful in products that emphasize a natural or healthy image, as Beta Carotene is often associated with whole foods and plant-based diets.
Furthermore, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) plays a crucial role in the production of functional foods that are marketed for health-conscious consumers.
These foods are designed not only to provide nutritional benefits but also to offer specific health advantages, such as improved immunity, eye health, and skin protection.
For example, it is commonly added to fortified cereals, energy bars, and snack foods as a means of boosting their nutritional profile, particularly in products targeting children or elderly populations who may be more susceptible to Vitamin A deficiencies.
In this regard, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) serves as a valuable tool for manufacturers aiming to enhance the health benefits of their products while still maintaining an attractive and appetizing appearance.
In processed foods, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is used to replicate the natural color of fruits and vegetables, especially in products that might otherwise lack the vibrant colors typically associated with whole plant-based ingredients.
For instance, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is often added to processed potato products like chips or fries to give them a more appealing appearance, as these products are typically paler than their fresh counterparts.
This use of Beta Carotene can help consumers perceive the product as healthier or more authentic, even if the food is heavily processed.
In addition to its food applications, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is becoming increasingly popular in the natural cosmetics industry.
As consumers demand more eco-friendly and natural products, Beta Carotene has emerged as a key ingredient in anti-aging skincare treatments, sun protection creams, and hydrating moisturizers.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) provides a potent antioxidant effect, which can help to protect the skin from environmental stressors, such as pollution, UV radiation, and free radical damage.
These properties make it an ideal component in products that aim to revitalize and rejuvenate the skin, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and help maintain a youthful complexion.
For individuals with specific dietary needs, E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is particularly important in providing a vegan-friendly alternative to traditional sources of Vitamin A, such as fish oils and dairy products.
Since E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is plant-derived, it serves as a safe, natural source of Vitamin A for those who avoid animal products due to ethical, dietary, or health reasons.
This makes it a staple ingredient in a variety of plant-based supplements, where it supports overall health by contributing to healthy vision, immune system function, and skin integrity.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is sometimes included in medications aimed at preventing or treating Vitamin A deficiency.
These products are crucial in regions where access to diverse diets is limited, and Beta Carotene supplementation can help prevent blindness and immune-related diseases, which are common outcomes of Vitamin A deficiency.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is also used in preventive health supplements to lower the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease due to its strong antioxidant properties, which help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is used in the production of animal feeds, particularly for poultry, fish, and livestock, to improve the color of eggs, meat, and skin.
The incorporation of Beta Carotene into animal diets helps produce products that are more visually appealing to consumers, as yellow eggs and golden poultry skin are generally preferred.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) also provides an extra nutritional benefit to the animals, as Beta Carotene is converted into Vitamin A, which is essential for their growth, reproduction, and immune system function.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) also finds use in biofuels and sustainable agriculture, as it is a naturally derived compound that can be extracted from plant sources such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach.
Research is ongoing into how Beta Carotene and other plant-based compounds can be utilized in biofuel production, offering a more sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
This potential use contributes to a more eco-friendly approach to industrial processes, particularly in the context of renewable energy sources.
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) continues to be explored for its potential therapeutic applications, with ongoing studies investigating its role in disease prevention, cancer treatment, and aging.
Although Beta Carotene is primarily recognized for its benefits to eye health and immune function, recent research is investigating its effects on cognitive health and its possible role in preventing age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
As studies evolve, Beta Carotene could become a more integral part of preventative healthcare and wellness products, helping individuals to maintain long-term health and vitality.
Safety Profile:
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is generally considered safe for consumption and use in various products, especially when used in the regulated amounts specified by food safety authorities like the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) is a precursor to Vitamin A, and while it is non-toxic in its natural form, excessive intake of Beta Carotene over long periods can lead to a condition known as carotenemia.
This occurs when there is a build-up of Beta Carotene in the body, which can lead to a yellowing of the skin.
Although carotenemia is generally harmless and reversible by reducing intake, it may cause concern or embarrassment due to its visible effects.
Studies have shown that high doses of E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) supplements may have negative health effects for smokers.
In particular, research indicates that smokers who consume high levels of Beta Carotene may have an increased risk of developing lung cancer.
This is because Beta Carotene may promote the growth of cancerous cells in the lungs of smokers, potentially leading to adverse health outcomes.
For smokers or those exposed to smoke or air pollution, it's recommended to avoid high-dose E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) supplements unless advised by a healthcare professional.
There is some evidence that E 106a Beta Carotene (1% - 5% - 10%) could interact with certain medications, particularly those used to treat high cholesterol and blood pressure.
For example, it may interfere with the effectiveness of statins or blood-thinning drugs like warfarin, making it crucial for individuals on these medications to consult with a doctor before using products that contain Beta Carotene.
