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CAS: 8006-54-0
EINECS: 232-348-6
DESCRIPTION:
Food additive E 913 is a yellow-brown thick viscous substance.
Lanoline has a pronounced emollient effect when rubbed into the skin.
Lanoline has a special smell.
Lanoline is obtained from sheep's wool.
In general, Lanoline is a mixture of higher fatty acids with esters of polyhydric alcohols and free polyhydric alcohols.
Lanolin is a pale yellow-colored, unctuous, waxy substance with a faint, characteristic odor.
Melted lanolin is a clear or almost clear, yellow liquid.
E 913 is resistant to various external factors, which allows for its long-term storage without affecting the properties.
Lanolin dissolves well in chloroform, benzene, ether.
Lanoline practically does not dissolve in alcohol and water.
Lanolin oil is a secretion from sheep’s skin.
It’s similar to human sebum, an oil secreted by the sebaceous glands that you may notice particularly on your nose.
Unlike sebum, lanolin contains no triglycerides.
Lanolin is sometimes referred to as “wool fat,” but the term is misleading because it lacks triglycerides needed to be considered a fat.
The purpose of lanolin is to condition and protect sheep’s wool.
This conditioning property is why the substance is now widely used in human cosmetics, skin care, and hair products.
Lanolin oil is extracted by putting sheep’s wool through a centrifuge machine that separates the oil from other chemicals and debris.
The process is performed after the sheep is sheared so the extraction of lanolin causes no harm to sheep.
E 913 is a yellowish viscous substance obtained from wool fat.
E 913 contains cholesterol and terpene compounds, and is used in cosmetics, in ointments, and in treating leather.
An emulsion of purified wool fat in water, containing cholesterol and certain terpene alcohols and esters.
E 913 is used in cosmetics.
Lanoline (from Latin lāna 'wool', and oleum 'oil'), also called wool yolk, wool wax, or wool grease, is a wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals.
Lanolin used by humans comes from domestic sheep breeds that are raised specifically for their wool.
Historically, many pharmacopoeias have referred to lanolin as wool fat (adeps lanae); however, as lanolin lacks glycerides (glycerol esters), it is not a true fat.
Lanolin primarily consists of sterol esters instead.
Lanolin's waterproofing property aids sheep in shedding water from their coats.
Certain breeds of sheep produce large amounts of lanolin.
Lanolin's role in nature is to protect wool and skin from climate and the environment; Lanoline also plays a role in skin (integumental) hygiene.
Lanolin and its derivatives are used in the protection, treatment and beautification of human skin.
CAS: 8006-54-0
EINECS: 232-348-6
COMPOSITION OF LANOLINE:
A typical high-purity grade of lanolin is composed predominantly of long chain waxy esters (approximately 97% by weight) with the remainder being lanolin alcohols, lanolin acids and lanolin hydrocarbons.
An estimated 8,000 to 20,000 different types of lanolin esters are present in lanolin, resulting from combinations between the 200 or so different lanolin acids and the 100 or so different lanolin alcohols identified so far.
Lanolin’s complex composition of long-chain esters, hydroxyesters, diesters, lanolin alcohols, and lanolin acids means in addition to it being a valuable product in its own right, it is also the starting point for the production of a whole spectrum of lanolin derivatives, which possess wide-ranging chemical and physical properties.
The main derivatisation routes include hydrolysis, fractional solvent crystallisation, esterification, hydrogenation, alkoxylation and quaternisation.
Lanolin derivatives obtained from these processes are used widely in both high-value cosmetics and skin treatment products.
Hydrolysis of lanolin yields lanolin alcohols and lanolin acids.
Lanolin alcohols are a rich source of cholesterol (an important skin lipid) and are powerful water-in-oil emulsifiers; they have been used extensively in skincare products for over 100 years.
Notably, approximately 40% of the acids derived from lanolin are alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs).
The use of AHAs in skin care products has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years.
BENEFITS OF LANOLINE:
Lanolin is a very good ingredient for someone with dry skin, though it can be a problem for someone with oily or breakout-prone skin.
Also, as an animal-derived ingredient, lanolin is sometimes viewed as less favorable in comparison to synthetic or plant-derived alternatives.
PRODUCTION METHODS OF LANOLINE:
Lanolin is a naturally occurring wax-like material obtained from the wool of sheep, Ovis aries Linne′ (Fam. Bovidae).
Crude lanolin is saponified with a weak alkali and the resultant saponified fat emulsion is centrifuged to remove the aqueous phase.
The aqueous phase contains a soap solution from which, on standing, a layer of partially purified lanolin separates.
This material is then further refined by treatment with calcium chloride, followed by fusion with unslaked lime to dehydrate the lanolin.
The lanolin is finally extracted with acetone and the solvent is removed by distillation.
Crude lanolin constitutes about 5–25% of the weight of freshly shorn wool.
The wool from one Merino sheep will produce about 250–300 ml of recoverable wool grease.
Lanolin is extracted by washing the wool in hot water with a special wool scouring detergent to remove dirt, wool grease (crude lanolin), suint (sweat salts), and anything else stuck to the wool.
The wool grease is continuously removed during this washing process by centrifuge separators, which concentrate it into a waxlike substance melting at approximately 38 °C (100 °F).
CAS: 8006-54-0
EINECS: 232-348-6
USES OF LANOLINE:
In the food industry, E 913 is used as an glazing agent.
Lanoline is part of mixtures for covering fruits (apples, pineapple, peaches, pears, melons, plums, tangerines, grapefruit, oranges, lemons, limes, etc.).
Lanolin is part of the glazes for candies, chocolate, dragees, confectionery pasta, chewing gum, coffee beans, nuts.
Often Lanoline is an ingredient in creams, also in hair conditioners, where Lanoline improves the structure of the hair.
Many ointments, medical patches, bandages are produced in lanolin-based medicine.
Highly purified lanolin is produced for breastfeeding women, which is used for the treatment and prevention of sore nipples.
E913 is a naturally-occuring wax derived from sheep’s wool.
E913 is often used in cosmetic products and chewing gum.
E913 is used to create a glossy protective coating on shiny foods and as part of chewing gum
E913 is an emollient with moisturizing properties and an emulsifier with high water–absorption capabilities.
E913 forms a network on the skin’s surface rather than a film, as is the case with petrolatum (Vaseline.).
While long-term studies associate a low incidence of allergic reactions to lanolin, E913 remains a controversial ingredient based on a potential pesticide content and potential comedogenicity.
There is a move among high-quality lanolin manufacturers to produce low-pesticide lanolin and among high-quality cosmetic formulators and manufacturers to use the purist form available. Lanolin’s comedogenicity potential is increasingly debated as some researchers believe it to be inaccurate, especially when lanolin is used in an emulsion.
Lanolin is a sheep’s wool derivative formed by a fat-like viscous secretion of the sheep’s sebaceous glands.
Some consider E913 a natural wax.
Lanolin wax is a lanolin derivative.
This is the semisolid fraction of lanolin obtained by physical means from whole lanolin.
Lanolin and its many derivatives are used extensively in both the personal care (e.g., high value cosmetics, facial cosmetics, lip products) and health care sectors such as topical liniments.
Lanolin is also found in lubricants, rust-preventive coatings, shoe polish, and other commercial products.
Lanolin is a relatively common allergen and is often misunderstood as a wool allergy.
However, allergy to a lanolin-containing product is difficult to pinpoint and often other products containing lanolin may be fine for use.
Patch testing can be done if a lanolin allergy is suspected.
Lanolin is frequently used in protective baby skin treatment and for sore nipples from breastfeeding.
Lanolin is used commercially in many industrial products ranging from rustproof coatings to lubricants.
Some sailors use lanolin to create slippery surfaces on their propellers and stern gear to which barnacles cannot adhere.
Commercial products (e.g. Lanocote) containing up to 85% lanolin are used to prevent corrosion in marine fasteners, especially when two different metals are in contact with each other and saltwater. The water-repellent properties make it valuable in many applications as a lubricant grease where corrosion would otherwise be a problem.
7-Dehydrocholesterol from lanolin is used as a raw material for producing vitamin D3 by irradiation with ultraviolet light.
Baseball players often use it to soften and break in their baseball gloves (shaving cream with lanolin is popularly used for this).
Anhydrous liquid lanolin, combined with parabens, has been used in trials as artificial tears to treat dry eye.
Anhydrous lanolin is also used as a lubricant for brass instrument tuning slides.
Lanolin can also be restored to woollen garments to make them water and dirt repellent, such as for cloth diaper covers.
Lanolin is also used in lip balm products such as Carmex.
For some people, it can irritate the lips.
Lanolin is sometimes used by people on continuous positive airway pressure therapy to reduce irritation with masks, particular nasal pillow masks that can often create sore spots in the nostrils.
Lanolin is a popular additive to moustache wax, particularly 'extra-firm' varieties.
Lanolin is used as a primary lubricating component in aerosol-based brass lubricants in the ammunition reloading process.
Mixed warm 1:12 with highly concentrated ethanol (usually 99%), the ethanol acts as a carrier which evaporates quickly after application, leaving a fine film of lanolin behind to prevent brass seizing in resizing dies.
Lanolin, when mixed with ingredients such as neatsfoot oil, beeswax and glycerol, is used in various leather treatments, for example in some saddle soaps and in leather care products.
CAS: 8006-54-0
EINECS: 232-348-6
PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF LANOLINE:
Lanolin is widely used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics.
Lanolin may be used as a hydrophobic vehicle and in the preparation of water-in-oil creams and ointments.
When mixed with suitable vegetable oils or with soft paraffin, Lanolin produces emollient creams that penetrate the skin and hence facilitate the absorption of drugs.
Lanolin mixes with about twice its own weight of water, without separation, to produce stable emulsions that do not readily become rancid on storage.
MODERN DEVELOPMENTS ABOUT LANOLINE:
In addition to general purity requirements, lanolin must meet official requirements for the permissible levels of pesticide residues.
The Fifth Supplement of the United States Pharmacopoeia XXII published in 1992 was the first to specify limits for 34 named pesticides.
A total limit of 40 ppm (i.e. 40 mg/kg) total pesticides was stipulated for lanolin of general use, with no individual limit greater than 10 ppm.
A second monograph also introduced into the US Pharmacopoeia XXII in 1992 was entitled 'Modified Lanolin'.
Lanolin conforming to this monograph is intended for use in more exacting applications, for example on open wounds.
In this monograph, the limit of total pesticides was reduced to 3 ppm total pesticides, with no individual limit greater than 1 ppm.
In 2000, the European Pharmacopoeia introduced pesticide residue limits into its lanolin monograph. This requirement, which is generally regarded as the new quality standard, extends the list of pesticides to 40 and imposes even lower concentration limits.
Some very high-purity grades of lanolin surpass monograph requirements.
New products obtained using complex purification techniques produce lanolin esters in their natural state, removing oxidative and environmental impurities resulting in white, odourless, hypoallergenic lanolin.
These ultra-high-purity grades of lanolin are ideally suited to the treatment of dermatological disorders such as eczema and on open wounds.
Lanolin attracted attention owing to a misunderstanding concerning its sensitising potential.
A study carried out at New York University Hospital in the early 1950s had shown about 1% of patients with dermatological disorders were allergic to the lanolin being used at that time.
By one estimate, this simple misunderstanding of failing to differentiate between the general healthy population and patients with dermatological disorders exaggerates the sensitising potential of lanolin by 5,000–6,000 times.
The European Cosmetics Directive, introduced in July 1976, contained a stipulation that cosmetics which contained lanolin should be labelled to that effect.
This ruling was challenged immediately, and in the early 1980s, it was overturned and removed from the directive.
Despite only being in force for a short period of time, this ruling did harm both to the lanolin industry and to the reputation of lanolin in general.
The Cosmetics Directive ruling only applied to the presence of lanolin in cosmetic products; it did not apply to the many hundreds of its different uses in dermatological products designed for the treatment of compromised skin conditions.
Modern analytical methods have revealed lanolin possesses a number of important chemical and physical similarities to human stratum corneum lipids; the lipids which help regulate the rate of water loss across the epidermis and govern the hydration state of the skin.
Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy has shown that lanolin, like human stratum corneum lipids, consists of a mass of liquid crystalline material.
Cross-polarised light microscopy has shown the multilamellar vesicles formed by lanolin are identical to those formed by human stratum corneum lipids.
The incorporation of bound water into the stratum corneum involves the formation of multilamellar vesicles.
Skin bioengineering studies have shown the durational effect of the emollient (skin smoothing) action produced by lanolin is very significant and lasts for many hours.
Lanolin applied to the skin at 2 mg/cm2 has been shown to reduce roughness by about 35% after one hour and 50% after two hours, with the overall effect lasting for considerably more than eight hours.
Lanolin is also known to form semiocclusive (breathable) films on the skin.
When applied daily at around 4 mg/cm2 for five consecutive days, the positive moisturising effects of lanolin were detectable until 72 hours after final application.
Lanolin may achieve some of its moisturising effects by forming a secondary moisture reservoir within the skin.
The barrier repair properties of lanolin have been reported to be superior to those produced by both petrolatum and glycerol.
In a small clinical study conducted on volunteer subjects with terribly dry (xerotic) hands, lanolin was shown to be superior to petrolatum in reducing the signs and symptoms of dryness and scaling, cracks and abrasions, and pain and itch.
In another study, a high purity grade of lanolin was found to be significantly superior to petrolatum in assisting the healing of superficial wounds.
IMPACT ON HUMANS:
Lanoline does not pose a danger to human health.
The highly purified version in the composition of ointments for sore nipples does not harm the newborn.
Lanoline moisturizes the skin very well, making it softer and more delicate.
Studies show that lanolin can cause an allergic reaction in the form of a skin rash.
CAS: 8006-54-0
EINECS: 232-348-6
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LANOLINE:
Melting point: 38-40 °C
Density: 0.932-0.945 g/cm3(Temp: 15 °C)
Fp : 209 °C
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility : chloroform: 0.1 g/mL, clear to faintly turbid (<29 NTU), strongly yellow-green
form : Adhering Crystals or Powder
color: White to yellow
Water Solubility :
Soluble in ether, petroleum ether, chloroform and petroleum benzene.
Sparingly soluble in ethanol.
Insoluble in water.
Merck: 14,5358
Autoignition Temperature: 833 °F
SIDE EFFECTS OF LANOLINE:
An ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) value has not been established for this substance.
LANOLINE has no known side or adverse effects on human health.
LANOLINE can be used for vegetarians, vegans and all religions.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT E913:
Lanolin is widely used in cosmetics and a variety of topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Although generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material, lanolin and lanolin derivatives are associated with skin hypersensitivity reactions, and the use of lanolin in subjects with known sensitivity should be avoided.
Other reports suggest that ‘sensitivity’ arises from false positives in patch testing.
However, skin hypersensitivity is relatively uncommon; the incidence of hypersensitivity to lanolin in the general population is estimated to be around 5 per million.
Sensitivity is thought to be associated with the content of free fatty alcohols present in lanolin products rather than the total alcohol content.
The safety of pesticide residues in lanolin products has also been of concern.
However, highly refined ‘hypoallergenic’ grades of lanolin and grades with low pesticide residues are commercially available.
First Aid Measures:
Ingestion:
If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Get medical aid immediately.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Get medical aid.
Skin:
Get medical aid.
Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash clothing before reuse.
Eyes:
Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids.
Get medical aid immediately.
Handling and Storage:
Storage:
Store in a tightly closed container.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Use with adequate ventilation.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Keep container tightly closed.
Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Hazards Identification
Ingestion:
May cause irritation of the digestive tract.
The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
Inhalation:
May cause respiratory tract irritation.
The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated.
Skin:
May cause skin irritation.
May cause contact dermatitis.
Eyes:
May cause eye irritation.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protection:
Personal Protection:
Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary.
Fire Fighting Measures
Flash Point:209
Autoignition:445
Fire Fighting:
Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.
Extinguishing media: Water or foam may cause frothing.
In case of fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.
Accidental Release Measures:
Small spills/leaks:
Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment.
Sweep up or absorb material, then place into a suitable clean, dry, closed container for disposal. Provide ventilation.
Stability and Reactivity:
Incompatibilities
Oxidizing agents.
Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Decomposition:
Irritating and toxic fumes and gases, acrid smoke and fumes.
STORAGE OF LANOLINE:
Lanolin may gradually undergo autoxidation during storage.
To inhibit this process, the inclusion of butylated hydroxytoluene is permitted as an antioxidant. Exposure to excessive or prolonged heating may cause anhydrous lanolin to darken in color and develop a strong rancidlike odor.
However, lanolin may be sterilized by dry heat at 150°C.
Ophthalmic ointments containing lanolin may be sterilized by filtration or by exposure to gamma irradiation.
Incompatibilities: Lanolin may contain prooxidants, which may affect the stability of certain active drugs.
CAS: 8006-54-0
EINECS: 232-348-6
SYNONYMS OF LANOLINE:
WOOL FAT;
ADEPS LANAE;BASE, LANOLIN OINTMENT, HYDRATED, HYDROPHILIC;
BASE, LANOLIN OIL AND CARBAMIDE OINTMENT, HYDRATED, HYDROPHILIC;
HYPOALLERGENIC LANOLIN;
LANOLIN DEHYDRATE;
LANOLIN OIL;
LANOLIN HYDROUS
Agnolin
Alapurin
Amber lanolin
