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E508 (POTASSIUM CHLORIDE)

E508 (POTASSIUM CHLORIDE) = SYLVITE = MURIATE OF POTASH  


CAS No.: 7447-40-7
EC No.: 231-211-8
MDL Number: MFCD00011360
Linear Formula: KCl

E508 (Potassium chloride) (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite, and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.


Potassium is a mineral that is found in many foods and is needed for several functions of your body, especially the beating of your heart.
Potassium levels can be low as a result of a disease or from taking certain medicines, or after a prolonged illness with diarrhea or vomiting.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is a naturally occurring potassium salt that, aside from its use as fertilizer, is also a raw material for the production of other important potassium compounds.


E508 (Potassium chloride) is a metal halide composed of potassium and chloride. 
Potassium maintains intracellular tonicity, is required for nerve conduction, cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, production of energy, the synthesis of nucleic acids, maintenance of blood pressure and normal renal function. E508 (Potassium chloride) has potential antihypertensive effects and when taken as a nutritional supplement may prevent hypokalemia.
Potassium is a mineral that your body needs for proper functioning of the heart, muscles, kidneys, nerves, and digestive system. 

E508 (Potassium chloride), also called muriate of potash, is a naturally occurring ore formed from the evaporation of ancient seabeds and is the most widely used potassium fertilizer in the World, accounting for about 90% of total consumption of potassium-containing fertilizers. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is water soluble with a grade of about 0-0-61. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is sold as a granular solid. 


E508 (Potassium chloride) (KCl) is the most important potassium source, due to E508 (Potassium chloride)'s wide use in fertilizers. Production of potassium by electrolysis, like sodium and lithium is grossly inefficient due to back diffusion of potassium in the salt that causes short-circuiting in the cell and the formation of metal fog. 
Salt mixtures with halides that are more stable than E508 (Potassium chloride) have not been found, thus a low melting eutectic cannot be employed. 


Potassium can only be formed using thermochemical techniques where sodium is used as the reductant. 
In this process, commercial molten E508 (Potassium chloride) is continuously fed to a packed distillation column where E508 (Potassium chloride) is further heated. 
The molten chloride then encounters sodium vapors that are flowing up through the column produced by a gas-fired reboiler. The resulting products of this interaction are sodium chloride and potassium metal at equilibrium


E508 (Potassium chloride) is an ionic salt featuring a bond between an alkali metal and a halogen. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is characterized by a colourless, crystalline appearance and an odourless smell. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is a common, naturally occurring mineral. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is typically extracted from the ground via solution potash mining; that is, water is injected into the ground where.


E508 (Potassium chloride) may also be extracted from the sea, in a similar process that is used to produce some sea salts. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is one of the minerals present in sea water that can be extracted through traditional solar evaporation.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is a mineral supplement used to treat low blood potassium levels or to avoid them. 
Potassium is necessary for the heart, muscles, kidneys, nerves and digestive system to function.


E508 (Potassium chloride) is an excellent water soluble crystalline Potassium source for uses compatible with chlorides.
Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water. 
Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal. 
They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation. 

Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared. 
The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems. 
They can form either inorganic or organic compounds. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is generally immediately available in most volumes. 
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. 


Potassium (K) fertilizers are commonly used to overcome plant deficiencies. 
Where soils cannot supply the amount of K required by crops, farmers must supplement this essential plant nutrient. 
Potash is a general term used to describe a variety of K-containing agricultural fertilizers. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) (KCl), the most commonly used source, is also frequently referred to as muriate of potash, or MOP (muriate is the old name for any chloride-containing salt).
Potassium is always present in minerals as a single-charged cation (K⁺).


E508 (Potassium chloride) is an inorganic metal halide composed of a potassium ion and a chloride ion with the chemical formula KCl. E508 (Potassium chloride) is a odorless white crystal or crystalline powder. 


E508 (Potassium chloride) (KCl) is a chemical compound containing potassium and chloride. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is soluble in various polar solvents. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is fully ionized into solvated K + and Cl + ions in aqueous solution. 
Potassium metal can be produced from E508 (Potassium chloride) by reacting it with metallic sodium at 850 °C (1562 °F). 
Here more volatile potassium can be removed by distillation:
KCl(l) + Na(l) --> NaCl(l) + K(g)


Large quantities of E508 (Potassium chloride) are produced from mined potash ores and from salt-containing surface water. 
More than 90% of the produced E508 (Potassium chloride) is consumed as fertilizer, either directly or after converting to potassium sulfate. 
The remaining E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as the raw material for manufacturing potassium and its compounds in industries.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is a white crystalline or colorless, granular material. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is odorless, stable in air and highly soluble in water. 


E508 (Potassium chloride), chemical compound, KCl, a colorless or white, cubic, crystalline compound that closely resembles common salt (sodium chloride). 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is soluble in water, alcohol, and alkalies. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) occurs pure in nature as the mineral sylvite and is found combined in many minerals and in brines and ocean water. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is recovered (with other compounds) from the brine of Searles Lake in California. 

Carlsbad, N.Mex., and it is refined by fractional crystallization and by a flotation process. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is also recovered from lake brines in Utah and from ores in Saskatchewan, Canada. 
The chief use of E508 (Potassium chloride) is in the production of fertilizers; 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used in chemical manufacture. 


For agricultural use E508 (Potassium chloride) is often called muriate of potash; the concentration of E508 (Potassium chloride) in muriate of potash is expressed as a corresponding concentration of potassium oxide (K2O), i.e., the concentration of potassium oxide that there would be if the potassium were present as its oxide instead of as E508 (Potassium chloride)'s chloride. 
Thus, muriate of potash that contains (typically) 80% or 97% KCl by weight is said to contain 50% or 60% K2O, respectively. 
Manure salts contain some E508 (Potassium chloride).


The chemical compound E508 (Potassium chloride) (KCl) is a metal halide composed of potassium and chlorine. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) has a white or colorless vitreous crystal, with a crystal structure that cleaves easily in three directions. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) crystals are face-centered cubic. 


E508 (Potassium chloride) is also commonly known as "Muriate of Potash". 
Potash varies in color from pink or red to white depending on the mining and recovery process used. 
White potash, sometimes referred to as soluble potash, is usually higher in analysis and is used primarily for making liquid starter fertilizers.
E508 (Potassium chloride) occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.


E508 (Potassium chloride) occurs naturally as sylvite, and E508 (Potassium chloride) can be extracted from sylvinite.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is also extracted from salt water and can be manufactured by crystallization from solution, flotation or electrostatic separation from suitable minerals. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is a by-product of the making of nitric acid from potassium nitrate and hydrochloric acid.


E508 (Potassium chloride) is composed of a molecule of chlorine and a molecule of potassium. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) naturally occurs in the mineral sylvite. 
However, E508 (Potassium chloride) is produced via flotation or fractional crystallization of source 


E508 (Potassium chloride) (poe-TAS-ee-yum KLOR-ide) occurs as a white or colorless crystalline solid or powder. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is odorless, but has a strong saline (salty) taste. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) occurs naturally in the minerals sylvite, carnallite, kainite, and sylvinite. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) also occurs in sea water at a concentration of about 0.076 percent (grams per milliliter of solution). 


E508 (Potassium chloride) is the most abundant compound of the element potassium and has the greatest number of applications of any salt of potassium.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is very soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethyl alcohol, and insoluble in ether, acetone, and other organic solvents.


E508 (Potassium chloride) occurs as colorless or crystals or crystalline powder.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is odorless, and has a saline taste.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is freely soluble in water, and practically insoluble in ethanol (95) and in diethyl ether.
A solution of E508 (Potassium chloride) (1 in 10) is neutral.


E508 (Potassium chloride) naturally occurs as a white or colorless solid that has a powdery, crystalline appearance. 
E508 (Potassium chloride)'s chemical formula is KCl, consists of one potassium (K) atom and one chlorine (Cl) atom. 
An ionic compound is made of a metal element and a nonmetal element. 
In E508 (Potassium chloride), the metal element is potassium (K) and the nonmetal element is chlorine (Cl), so we can say that KCl is an ionic compound.

Imagine what happens when a potassium (K) atom meets a chlorine (Cl) atom. 
The K atom will lose one electron and acquire a positive charge, so it will become a positive ion with a charge of +1, written as K+. 
The Cl atom will gain an electron and acquire a negative charge, so it's going to become a negative ion with a charge of -1, written as Cl-.
Here, we can see that E508 (Potassium chloride) consists of a positive ion (K+) and a negative ion (Cl-). 
Salts are ionic compounds consisting of positive and negative ions. 
Because E508 (Potassium chloride) has ions of opposite charges, E508 (Potassium chloride) is classified as a salt.


E508 (Potassium chloride) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) dissolves easily in water and the resulting solutions taste like salt. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is also known as Sylvite or potassium salt.


E508 (Potassium chloride) occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.
E508 (Potassium chloride) can be obtained from old dried lake beds.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is in solid form, odorless and white & colorless crystallized.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is a salt that is made up of potassium and chlorine. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is the most important salt that consumes more potassium salts. 


E508 (Potassium chloride) (KCl) is a soluble salt that is an extremely efficient shale stabiliser when drilling hydro sensitive clays and shales. 
Inhibition is provided through ion exchange; the E508 (Potassium chloride) ion enters between the individual clay platelets in the shale so that they are held together, thus eliminating entry of water from the drilling fluid. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) powder is a high purity, dry crystalline inorganic salt used to form clear brine used in workover and completion operations which require densities raning from 8.4 to 9.7 lb/gal (1007 to 1162 kg/m3)

USES and APPLICATIONS of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
-Fertilizer:
The majority of the E508 (Potassium chloride) produced is used for making fertilizer, called potash, since the growth of many plants is limited by potassium availability. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) sold as fertilizer is known as muriate of potash (MOP). 
The vast majority of potash fertilizer worldwide is sold as MOP.


-Medical use:
Potassium is vital in the human body, and E508 (Potassium chloride) by mouth is the common means to treat low blood potassium, although it can also be given intravenously. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.


-Culinary use:
E508 (Potassium chloride) can be used as a salt substitute for food, but due to E508 (Potassium chloride)'s weak, bitter, unsalty flavor, E508 (Potassium chloride) is often mixed with ordinary table salt (sodium chloride) to improve the taste to form low sodium salt. 
The addition of 1 ppm of thaumatin considerably reduces this bitterness.


-Industrial:
As a chemical feedstock, E508 (Potassium chloride) is used for the manufacture of potassium hydroxide and potassium metal. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used in medicine, lethal injections, scientific applications, food processing, soaps, and as a sodium-free substitute for table salt for people concerned about the health effects of sodium.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a supplement in animal feed to boost the potassium level in the feed. 
As an added benefit, E508 (Potassium chloride) is known to increase milk production.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is sometimes used in solution as a completion fluid in petroleum and natural gas operations, as well as being an alternative to sodium chloride in household water softener units.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a fertilizer, in medicine, in scientific applications, and in food processing, where E508 (Potassium chloride) may be known as E number additive E508.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is useful as a beta radiation source for calibration of radiation monitoring equipment, because natural potassium contains 0.0118% of the isotope 40K. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) also emits a relatively low level of 511 keV gamma rays from positron annihilation, which can be used to calibrate medical scanners.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used in some de-icing products designed to be safer for pets and plants, though these are inferior in melting quality to calcium chloride [lowest usable temperature 12 °F (−11 °C) v. −25 °F (−32 °C)]. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used in various brands of bottled water.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) was once used as a fire extinguishing agent, and in portable and wheeled fire extinguishers. 
Known as Super-K dry chemical, E508 (Potassium chloride) was more effective than sodium bicarbonate-based dry chemicals and was compatible with protein foam. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) fell out of favor with the introduction of potassium bicarbonate (Purple-K) dry chemical in the late 1960s, which was much less corrosive, as well as more effective. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is rated for B and C fires.


-Along with sodium chloride and lithium chloride, E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a flux for the gas welding of aluminium.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is also an optical crystal with a wide transmission range from 210 nm to 20 µm. 
While cheap, E508 (Potassium chloride) crystals are hygroscopic. 
-Glass manufacturers use granular potash as a flux, lowering the temperature at which a mixture melts. 
Because potash imparts excellent clarity to glass, E508 (Potassium chloride) is commonly used in eyeglasses, glassware, televisions, and computer monitors.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used to prevent or to treat low blood levels of potassium (hypokalemia).
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used in the chlor-alkaline industry for production of Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and Potassium Carbonate, as a raw material for the production of Potassium Peroxide and in the production of metal fluxes and metal surface treatments. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used as a substitute for common salt (sodium chloride) in food. 
Oral consumption of appropriate quantities of KCl can help treat low blood potassium in humans. 


-E508 (Potassium chloride) works by replacing lost potassium and preventing a deficiency. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is a potassium salt used to treat hypokalemia.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is a medicine used to prevent or treat low potassium levels in the body.
-A white crystal or crystalline powder used as an electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers and explosives.


Industries:
*Pharma
*Lubricants
*Water Treatment
*Oil & Gas
*Cleaning
*Animal Nutrition
*Coatings & Construction
*Food and Nutrition
*Agriculture
*Cosmetics
*Polymers


-The primary application of E508 (Potassium chloride) is in the agriculture industry, where E508 (Potassium chloride) is used in the production of crop fertilizers. 
Potash, a water-soluble crystalline material that is used for fertilization, can be prepared from E508 (Potassium chloride) (and some other minerals). 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) has a wide range of medical and industrial applications. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is also an integral part of fertilizer production.


-Medicinal Use of E508 (Potassium chloride):
In the human body, potassium is essential for several vital functions to occur, the most notable of which is the beating of the heart.  
E508 (Potassium chloride) is a great source of potassium and is, therefore, used to treat hypokalemia. 
In fact, E508 (Potassium chloride) can even be taken to prevent hypokalemia.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is usually prescribed in the form of a capsule or a tablet. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) can also be administered orally in the liquid form.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used in the manufacture of potash, an important form of fertilizer that enriches soils with potassium which promotes the growth of plant life. 
Potassium availability is usually the key inhibitor for plant growth. 
E508 (Potassium chloride), acting as a source of potassium, can increase the availability of potassium in the soil.
The potash fertilizers made from E508 (Potassium chloride) (called Muriate of Potash, or MOP) make up the majority of potash fertilizers sold worldwide.


-The medical treatment of low blood pressure commonly employs E508 (Potassium chloride) as a part of the medication.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a salt substitute in food where a low concentration of sodium in the salt is desired in order to reduce the risk of high blood pressure.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is one of the important raw materials required in 8the manufacture of potassium metal.


-The metal halide salt E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used in the manufacture of soaps. 
-Water softening units can involve the use of E508 (Potassium chloride) as an alternative to sodium chloride as well.
-The use of E508 (Potassium chloride) as a source of beta radiation is extremely useful in calibrating radiation monitoring equipment.
-The flux required in the oxy-fuel welding of aluminium consists of E508 (Potassium chloride) along with the chloride salts of lithium and sodium.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) has the potential to be used as a fire extinguishing agent was initially used in portable and wheeled fire extinguishers. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) was referred to as the Super-K dry chemical and was known to be more effective when compared to sodium bicarbonate-based dry chemicals for this purpose. 
Furthermore, E508 (Potassium chloride) is known to be compatible with protein foam. 
However, the use of E508 (Potassium chloride) for this purpose gradually reduced with the introduction of potassium bicarbonate (also referred to as Purple-K) dry chemical towards the end of the 1960s. 


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is a potassium supplement used to prevent and to treat low potassium.
-Non-agricultural use:
Potassium is essential for human and animal health.
E508 (Potassium chloride) can be used as a salt substitute for individuals on a restricted salt (sodium chloride) diet. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a deicing agent and has a fertilizing value after the ice melts. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used in water softeners to replace calcium in water.


-AGRICULTURAL USE: 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is the most widely applied K fertilizer because of E508 (Potassium chloride)'s relatively low cost and because E508 (Potassium chloride) includes more K than most other sources: 50 to 52 percent K (60 to 63 percent K₂O) and 45 to 47 percent Cl⁻.
More than 90 percent of global potash production goes into plant nutrition. 
Farmers spread E508 (Potassium chloride) onto the soil surface prior to tillage and planting. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) may also be applied in a concentrated band near the seed. 
Since dissolving fertilizer will increase the soluble salt concentration, banded E508 (Potassium chloride) is placed to the side of the seed to avoid damaging the germinating plant.

E508 (Potassium chloride) rapidly dissolves in soil water. 
The K⁺ will be retained on the negatively charged cation exchange sites of clay and organic matter. 
The Cl⁻ portion will readily move with the water. 
An especially pure grade of E508 (Potassium chloride) can be dissolved for fluid fertilizers or applied through irrigation systems.

E508 (Potassium chloride) is found in various shades and particle sizes.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is primarily used as a source of K nutrition. 
However, there are regions where plants respond favorably to application of Cl⁻. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is usually the preferred material to meet this need. 
There are no significant impacts on water or air associated with normal application rates of E508 (Potassium chloride). 
Elevated salt concentrations surrounding the dissolving fertilizer may be the most important factor to consider.

-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used for supplementing potassium in order to treat or prevent low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalemia). 
Potassium is a major mineral (electrolyte) that is important for the function of every cell in the body. 
For example, E508 (Potassium chloride) is important in nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and kidney function. 
Normal daily dietary intake of potassium is 40-150 mEq. 


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used in buffers, fertilizers, medicine, scientific applications, food processing and explosives. -E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used as a flux for the gas welding of aluminum along with sodium chloride and lithium chloride.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is a mineral supplement used to treat low potassium levels in the blood. 
Usually, E508 (Potassium chloride) is found in many foods and is needed for several functions of your body. 


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is available as a capsule and E508 (Potassium chloride) helps to prevent hypokalemia. 
Hypokalemia is a condition where the blood’s potassium levels are too low and can lead to weakness, fatigue and even paralysis.
-Medically E508 (Potassium chloride) is used in the treatment of hypokalemia and associated conditions, for digitalis poisoning, and as an electrolyte replenisher. 


-Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
-Intermediates
-Laboratory chemicals
-Plating agents and surface treating agents
-Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
-Electrical and electronic products


-Metal products
-Paints and coatings
-Water treatment products
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as an electrolyte in calomel electrode and saturated calomel electrode as well as disbondment tests in corrosion protection.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used extensively by the pharmaceutical and food industries to provide many benefits including potassium replacement for individuals with Hypokalemia, sodium reduction, and nutrient sourcing/replacement. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used as a reagent in laboratory testing, and as a reducing agent in high-purity tantalum refining. 
-Potassium is a mineral, which all cells in the body need to function properly.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is a potassium supplement used to increase the amount of potassium in your body.


-The majority of the E508 (Potassium chloride) produced is used for making fertilizer, since the growth of many plants is limited by their potassium intake. 
-As a chemical feedstock E508 (Potassium chloride) is used for the manufacture of potassium hydroxide and potassium metal.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is sometimes used in water as a completion fluid in oil and gas operations. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is useful as a beta radiation source for calibration of radiation monitoring equipment because natural potassium contains 0.0118% of the isotope 40K. 


-Biological and medical properties:
Potassium is vital in the human body and oral E508 (Potassium chloride) is the common means to replenish it, although E508 (Potassium chloride) can also be diluted and given intravenously (of course, in concentrations much lower than those used in executions). 
E508 (Potassium chloride) can be used as a salt substitute for food, but due to E508 (Potassium chloride)'s weak, bitter, unsalty flavor, E508 (Potassium chloride) is usually mixed with regular salt, sodium chloride, for this purpose to improve the taste. 


-Function:
E508 (Potassium chloride) performs the following functions in food products:
*Salt substitute
*Food for yeast
*Flavor enhancer
*Dietary supplement
*Flavoring agent
*Thickening and gelling agent (synergy with hydrocolloids, such as carrageenans)
*pH control


-Commercial production:
E508 (Potassium chloride) is extracted from sylvite, carnallite and potash. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is also extracted from sea water and can be manufactured by crystallization from solution, flotation or electrostatic separation from various minerals.


-Nutrition and health:
E508 (Potassium chloride) is often used to lower the risk of high blood pressure. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) can also help with reducing bone degeneration and an aid for proper muscular and nerve functions. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used in dietary supplements and is claimed to counteract spasms or other muscular-related health issues.


-In foods, E508 (Potassium chloride) is mainly used as a partial replacement for sodium chloride. 
However, as the overall level of sodium chloride falls in bread, sweet goods and salty snacks, so does the proportion of E508 (Potassium chloride) that can be replaced with the potassium salt before the bitterness associated with the latter becomes evident.


-When replacing table salt with this ingredient, the sugar, acid, starch, and fat content must be adjusted to compensate for flavors and functional characteristics that might be diminished. 
One key aspect is that E508 (Potassium chloride) does not impart quite as great a flavor to baked products as salt.
-E508 (Potassium chloride), or KCl, is the most widely used table salt substitute that provides a salty taste without adding sodium. E508 (Potassium chloride)'s use in foods and bakery products has become a part of heart-healthy and reduced-sodium diets. 


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is present in some foods in small amounts. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used as a food additive to increase the acidity and to stabilize, thicken, or soften some food products, such as jams and jellies and preserves that are artificially sweetened. 
-Many infant formulas also contain E508 (Potassium chloride). 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used as a nutrient for yeast cultures and in making beer. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a salt substitute for people who are on low-salt (meaning low-sodium) diets. 


-The largest application of E508 (Potassium chloride) is in the production of fertilizers. 
More than ninety percent of the E508 (Potassium chloride) produced in the United States is used for that purpose. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) provides the potassium plants need to stay healthy and grow normally. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is one of three macronutrients—substances needed in relatively large amounts—for normal growth. 
The other two macronutrients are phosphorus and nitrogen. 

-Smaller amounts of E508 (Potassium chloride) are used in the production of other potassium compounds, in photography, and in chemical research applications.
-By far the most important application of E508 (Potassium chloride) is in the manufacture of fertilizers.


-Research reagent
-Salt substitutes
-Preparation of other potassium compounds
-Food processing
-Fertilizer
-Medical use


-Use in the food industry & kitchen
-In the pet industry
-As a fire extinguishing agent
-In oil and gas facilities
-In glass production


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a fertilizer.
But what makes E508 (Potassium chloride) a good fertilizer? 
E508 (Potassium chloride)'s the potassium! 
Potassium can be really helpful in plant growth and reproduction. 
This type of fertilizer is also great for soil that has low chlorine (Cl) content. 
By having just the right amount of chlorine content in the soil, the crops will be resistant to disease.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) can also be used as a treatment for hypokalemia. 
In order for the cells in our body to function properly, our blood needs to have normal potassium levels. 
There are people who suffer from potassium deficiency in the blood, a condition known as hypokalemia. 
To treat this condition, E508 (Potassium chloride) pills are taken to balance the blood's potassium levels to a normal amount.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) can also be used as a food additive. 
If you've ever looked at the ingredients of many foods we eat, you've probably seen E508 (Potassium chloride) make an appearance. 
In some foods like soups, sauces, cereal, and sports drinks, E508 (Potassium chloride)'s used instead of salt to provide our bodies with potassium. 
E508 (Potassium chloride)'s also used as a firming agent to give a good and consistent texture to food and to strengthen E508 (Potassium chloride)'s structure. 
E508 (Potassium chloride)'s even used as a flavor enhancer in chocolate milk, cheese, and cream.


-The majority of E508 (Potassium chloride) produced is used to make a fertilizer called potash, as the availability of potassium limits the growth of many plants. 
There are two main types of Potash available. 
The first is potash muriate (E508 (Potassium chloride)) and the second is potassium sulfate (potassium sulfate). 
Potassium sulfate is typically sold high to E508 (Potassium chloride), while the vast majority of potash fertilizer worldwide is sold as E508 (Potassium chloride).


-Potassium is vital in the human body and E508 (Potassium chloride) is commonly used to treat low blood potassium, although E508 (Potassium chloride) can also be given intravenously. 
Potassium is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) can be used as a salt substitute for food, but because of E508 (Potassium chloride)'s bitter and unsalted taste, E508 (Potassium chloride) is often mixed with regular table salt (sodium chloride) to improve the taste to form normal sodium salt.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used in the production of potassium hydroxide and potassium metal as a chemical raw material.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is also used in medicine, lethal injection, scientific practice, food processing, soaps, and as a sodium-free substitute for table salt for people concerned about the health effects of sodium.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a supplement in animal feed to increase the number of nutrients in the feed, which promotes healthy growth in animals. 
As an added benefit, E508 (Potassium chloride) is known to increase milk production.


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is sometimes used in water as a make-up liquid in oil and natural gas production facilities, while E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as an alternative to sodium chloride in household water softener units.
-They are used as a melting agent in glass production. 
Because potash imparts excellent clarity to glass, E508 (Potassium chloride) is often used in eyeglasses, glassware, televisions and computer monitors.


-Along with sodium chloride and lithium chloride, E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a fluid for gas welding of aluminum.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a fire extinguishing agent, once used in portable and wheeled fire extinguishers.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used in some defrosting products designed to be safer for pets and plants.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is useful as a source of beta radiation for calibration of radiation monitoring equipment because E508 (Potassium chloride) contains 0.0118 of the native potassium isotope 40K%.


-Potassium is a mineral that is needed for several functions of your body, especially the beating of your heart.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used to prevent or to treat low blood levels of potassium (hypokalemia).
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is taken to prevent low levels of potassium in the blood caused by certain medicines or illnesses.
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is a prescription medication used to treat and prevent low potassium levels due to poor dietary intake, certain diseases, or other drugs. 


-As fertilizer in agricultural industry.
-Production of potassium hydroxide and potassium metal.
-Replacing sodium chloride in domestic water softener units.
-Oil and gas drilling operations and Drilling mud production.
-Soap manufacturing and detergent industries.


-Production of chemical paints.
-Glass and ceramics industry.
-Defrosting from the level of streets and roads.
-Food industry and food production
-Pharmaceutical Industries


-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used in medicine, lethal injections, scientific applications, food processing, soaps, and as a sodium-free substitute for table salt for people concerned about the health effects of sodium.
-It is fluid fertilizers E508 (Potassium chloride) is the principal source of K in fluid fertilizers, because E508 (Potassium chloride) is the most soluble and least cost of the major K sources. 
Fluid fertilizers are available as suspensions and as clear liquid fertilizers.


-In many segments of the food industry E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a substitute for sodium chloride (NaCl), as a taste enhancer, thickening agent, stabiliser or preservative for the production of a great variety of foodstuffs. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) is used as a fertilizer, in medicine, in scientific applications, and in food processing, where E508 (Potassium chloride) may be known as E number additive E508. 
-E508 (Potassium chloride) occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite, and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.

HOW POTASSIUM CHLORIDE IS MADE:
Any one of the salts present in a sea salt deposit—including E508 (Potassium chloride)—can be extracted by a common procedure. 
The minerals that make up the deposit are crushed and dissolved in hot water. 
The solution is then allowed to cool very slowly. 
As it cools, each of the dissolved salts crystallizes out at a specific temperature, is removed from the solution, and is purified. 
Since E508 (Potassium chloride) is much more soluble in hot water than in cold water, E508 (Potassium chloride) crystallizes out after other salts have been removed.

The majority of E508 (Potassium chloride) in the United States is now extracted by a lengthy process that also begins with the crushing of natural ores, such as sylvite and carnalite. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) mixture is then cleaned and purified before being treated with a flotation agent, usually some type of amine. 
A flotation agent is a material that coats the desired compound, such as E508 (Potassium chloride), and allows it to float to the surface of the reaction chamber, like the soap suds that float on top of a washing machine. 
An amine is an organic compound that contains the nitrogen, usually as the -NH2group. 
The amine-coated E508 (Potassium chloride) is skimmed off the top of the reaction mixture, purified, and prepared in some crystalline or powder form.

PRODUCTION of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
Deeply buried potash deposits exist throughout the world. 
The dominant mineral is sylvite mixed with sodium chloride (halite), which forms a mixed mineral called sylvinite. 
Most K minerals are harvested from ancient marine deposits deep beneath the Earth’s surface. 

They are then transported to a processing facility where the ore is crushed and the K salts are separated from the sodium salts. 
The color of E508 (Potassium chloride) can vary from red to white, depending on the source of the sylvinite ore. 
The reddish tint comes from trace amounts of iron oxide. 
There are no agronomic differences between the red and white forms of E508 (Potassium chloride).


Some E508 (Potassium chloride) is produced by injecting hot water deep into the ground to dissolve the soluble sylvinite mineral and then pumping the brine back to the surface, where the water evaporates. 
Solar evaporation is used to recover valuable potash salts from brine water in Utah’s Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake, for example.

PREPARATION of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
E508 (Potassium chloride) can be directly extracted from some minerals such as carnallite, sylvite, and potash. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) can also be extracted from seawater. 
E508 (Potassium chloride) is produced as a by-product during the synthesis of nitric acid from hydrochloric acid and potassium nitrate. 

In the laboratory, E508 (Potassium chloride) can be prepared by reacting bases of potassium (such as potassium hydroxide) with hydrochloric acid. 
The ensuing acid-base neutralization reaction will yield water and E508 (Potassium chloride) as the products.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
In the solid-state, E508 (Potassium chloride) is readily soluble in many polar solvents, including water. 
The salt is ionized into the K+ cation and the Cl– anions in these polar solvents. 
Some other physical and chemical properties of E508 (Potassium chloride) are discussed in this subsection.

The crystals of E508 (Potassium chloride) are made up of face-centred cubic (FCC) unit cells.
The molar mass of E508 (Potassium chloride) is 74.5513 grams/mol.
E508 (Potassium chloride)'s density in the solid, crystalline form is 1.984 grams per cubic centimetre.
The melting and boiling points of E508 (Potassium chloride) are 1040 K and 1690 K respectively.
At 0°C, 20°C, and 100°C, the solubility of E508 (Potassium chloride) in water corresponds to 217.1 g/L, 253.9 g/L, and 360.5 g/L respectively.
E508 (Potassium chloride) is highly soluble in alcohols but not soluble in ether (organic compounds with the formula R-O-R’).

E508 (Potassium chloride) has a crystalline structure like many other salts. 
Structure: face-centered cubic. 
Lattice Constant: roughly 6.3 angstroms.

In chemistry and physics E508 (Potassium chloride) is a very commonly used as a standard, for example as a calibration standard solution in measuring electrical conductivity of (ionic) solutions, since carefully prepared E508 (Potassium chloride) solutions have well-reproducible and well-repeatable measurable properties.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
Since E508 (Potassium chloride) is completely ionized into K+ and Cl– ions in water, the resulting aqueous solution exhibit high values of electrical conductivity.
The reduction of E508 (Potassium chloride) into metallic can be achieved with the help of metallic sodium, despite the lower electropositivity of sodium when compared to potassium.
This is achieved by heating the E508 (Potassium chloride) with metallic sodium to a temperature of 850 °C.
The chemical equation for this reaction is: KCl + Na ⇌ NaCl + K

It can be noted that when the solid form of E508 (Potassium chloride) is subjected to a flame test, E508 (Potassium chloride) burns with a pale violet or a lilac-coloured flame, as is the case with most other potassium-containing compounds.
E508 (Potassium chloride) can react as a source of chloride ion. 
As with any other soluble ionic chloride, E508 (Potassium chloride) will precipitate insoluble chloride salts when added to a solution of an appropriate metal ion:

KCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCl(s) + KNO3(aq)
Although potassium is more electropositive than sodium, E508 (Potassium chloride) can be reduced to the metal by reaction with metallic sodium at 850 °C because the potassium is removed by distillation:

KCl(l) + Na(l) ⇌ NaCl(l) + K(g)
This method is the main method for producing metallic potassium. 
Electrolysis (used for sodium) fails because of the high solubility of potassium in molten E508 (Potassium chloride).
As with other compounds containing potassium, E508 (Potassium chloride) in powdered form gives a lilac flame test result.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
Molecular Weight: 74.55
Appearance Form: crystalline, powder
Colour: white
Odour: No data available
Odour Threshold: No data available
pH: 7
Melting point/freezing point: 770 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 1.500 °C
Flash point: No data available


Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapour pressure: No data available
Vapour density: No data available
Relative density: 1,984 g/cm3
Water solubility: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Auto-ignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available


Viscosity: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Boiling point: 1413 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.98 g/cm3 (20.0 °C)
Melting Point: 770 °C
pH value: 5.5 - 8.5 (50.0 g/l, H₂O, 20.0 °C)
Bulk density: 1000 kg/m3


Solubility: 347 g/l
Appearance: White Powder
Melting Point: 780 °C (1440 °F)
Boiling Point: 1,420° C (2,588° F)
Density: 2.0 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 34.7 at 293K g/100g H2O
Refractive Index: 1.6
Crystal Phase / Structure: Cubic
Poisson's Ratio: 0.18
Specific Heat: 690 J/kg-K
Thermal Conductivity: 6.5 W/m-K


Thermal Expansion: 36 µm/m-K
Exact Mass: 73.9326
Monoisotopic Mass: 73.9326
Transmission Range: 0.21 to 20 μm
Refractive Index: 1.45644 at 10 μm 
Reflection Loss: 6.7% at 10 μm
Absorption Coefficient: 6.5 x 10-3 cm-1 at 10.6 μm @ 300K 
Reststrahlen Peak: 63.1 μm
dn/dT: -33.2 x 10-6 /°C 
dn/dμ = 0: n/a


Density: 1.99 g/cc
Melting Point: 776°C
Thermal Conductivity: 6.53 W m-1 K-1 at 322K 
Thermal Expansion: 36 X 10-6 /k at 300k
Hardness: Knoop 7.2 <110>, 9.3 <100> with 200g 
Specific Heat Capacity:    690 J Kg-1 K-1
Dielectric Constant: 4.64 at 1MHz at 300K
Youngs Modulus (E): 29.67 GPa 


Shear Modulus (G): 6.24 GPa 
Bulk Modulus (K): 17.36 GPa 
Elastic Coefficients: C11=39.8; C12=6.2; C44=6.25 
Rupture Modulus: 4.4 MPa (635 psi) 
Poisson Ratio: 0.216
Solubility: 34.7g/100g water
Molecular Weight: 74.55
Class/Structure: Cubic FCC, NaCl, Fm3m, (100) cleavage

FIRST AID MEASURES of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
-Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician. 
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. 
Consult a physician.

*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water. 
Consult a physician.

*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.

*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Rinse mouth with water. 
Consult a physician.

-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment. 

-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel. 
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
-Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Advice for firefighters.
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
-Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. 
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves. 
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. 
Wash and dry hands.

*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required. 

-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in cool place. 
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store at Room Temperature.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE:
-Reactivity: No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions: No data available
-Conditions to avoid: No data available
-Hazardous decomposition products:
Other decomposition products - No data available

 

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