E513 SULPHURIC ACID

E513 Sulphuric acid, known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with the molecular formula H2SO4. 
E513 Sulphuric acid is a colorless, odorless and viscous liquid that is miscible with water.
E513 Sulphuric acid is a strong inorganic acid with the chemical formula H₂SO₄.

CAS Number: 7664-93-9
Molecular Formula: H2O4S
Molecular Weight: 98.08
EINECS Number: 231-639-5

Synonyms: SULFURIC ACID, Sulphuric acid, 7664-93-9, Dihydrogen sulfate, Dipping acid, Mattling acid, Battery acid, Acide sulfurique, Electrolyte acid, Acidum sulfuricum, Sulphuricum acidum, Schwefelsaeure, tetraoxosulfuric acid, Acido solforico, Acido sulfurico, Brimstone acid, Schwefelsaeureloesungen, H2SO4, Zwavelzuuroplossingen, Dihydrogen sulphate, Anhydrous sulfuric acid, DTXSID5029683, Nordhausen acid, Matting acid, NSC-38965, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 078001, NSC-248648, INS NO.513, CHEBI:26836, INS-513, E-513, sulfuric acid (aqueous), sulfur acid, Acidum Sulphuricum, Oriental Medicine Detox, RefChem:6694, 231-639-5, Sulfuric acid [NF], MFCD00064589, H2O4S, Sulfuric acid (NF), sulfuricacid, Caswell No. 815, Acide sulfurique [French], Acido solforico [Italian], Acido sulfurico [Spanish], Zwavelzuuroplossingen [Dutch], HSDB 1811, EINECS 231-639-5, UNII-O40UQP6WCF, UN1830, UN1832, Sulfuric Acid, ACS Grade, suiphuric acid, sulfuric aicd, sulfuric-acid, sulphur-ic acid, Sulfuric acid 30%, 36%, 50%, 60%, 95–98%, 96%, 98%, 99.999%, sulfuric acid dilute, Sulfuric acid spent, sulfuric acid technical grade, SCHEMBL113, SCHEMBL2131, SULFURIC ACID [II], SULFURIC ACID [MI], SULFURIC ACID [FCC], SULFURIC ACID [VANDF], SULFURIC ACID [MART.], SULFURIC ACID [WHO-DD], SULFURIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI), hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-), O2S(OH)2, SO2(OH)2, O40UQP6WCF, DS-002649, sulfuric acid,Concentrated sulfuric acid

E513 Sulphuric acid is one of the most important industrial chemicals worldwide and is used mainly in chemical production, processing, and pH control.
It is highly corrosive and reacts strongly with water and many substances.
Chemically, sulphuric acid consists of hydrogen ions (H⁺) and sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻) in aqueous solution.

E513 Sulphuric acid is a diprotic strong acid, meaning it can release two protons per molecule.
E513 Sulphuric acid gives it very high reactivity.
Physically, it is a dense, oily, colorless to slightly yellow liquid.

E513 Sulphuric acid is highly hygroscopic and strongly attracts water.
Dilution releases significant heat.
It is used as an acidity regulator and processing aid in industrial systems.

E513 Sulphuric acid helps control pH during chemical and manufacturing processes.
This improves process stability.
It is one of the most important industrial raw materials, used to produce fertilizers, detergents, explosives, and many chemicals.

E513 Sulphuric acid is central to large-scale chemical industry.
This supports global manufacturing.
It is used in metal processing, especially for cleaning and treating metals before further processing.

E513 Sulphuric acid helps remove oxides and impurities.
This improves material quality.
E513 Sulphuric acid is best described as a highly reactive, strongly corrosive industrial acid used mainly for chemical production, pH control, and metal processing due to its strong dehydrating and acidic properties.

E513 Sulphuric acid is also used in fertilizer production, especially for making phosphate fertilizers.
It reacts with phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid.
This supports large-scale agricultural production.

E513 Sulphuric acid is used in petroleum refining, where it helps remove impurities and supports fuel processing.
It is involved in alkylation processes in refineries.
This improves fuel quality.

In battery manufacturing, it is used as the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries.
E513 Sulphuric acid enables ion transport between electrodes.
E513 Sulphuric acid supports energy storage systems.

E513 Sulphuric acid is used in chemical synthesis, where it acts as a dehydrating agent and catalyst.
It drives many organic and inorganic reactions.
This improves industrial efficiency.

In laboratory applications, it is used for strong acid reactions and dehydration experiments.
E513 Sulphuric acid provides controlled high acidity conditions.
This improves research accuracy.

E513 Sulphuric acid is also used in gas drying systems, where it removes moisture from industrial gases due to its strong dehydrating ability.
It binds water very effectively, even from air and gas streams.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves gas purity.

E513 Sulphuric acid is used in air pollution control systems, where it helps treat or neutralize certain industrial exhaust gases in controlled setups.
It is part of chemical scrubbing processes.
This improves emission management.

In battery recycling processes, sulphuric acid is used to recover and purify lead and other materials from spent lead-acid batteries.
E513 Sulphuric acid supports separation of metals and electrolyte regeneration.

Appearance: colorless clear, liquid
Odour: odorless
Odour Threshold: Not applicable
pH: 1.2 at 5 g/l
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point: 10.31 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 290 °C - lit.
Flash point: 11 °C
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapour pressure: 1.33 hPa at 145.8 °C
Vapour density: 3.39 - (Air = 1.0)
Relative density: 1.84
Water solubility: soluble

E513 Sulphuric acid or sulphuric acid (Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula H2SO4. 
E513 Sulphuric acid is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is miscible with water.

Pure sulfuric acid does not occur naturally due to its strong affinity to water vapor; it is hygroscopic and readily absorbs water vapor from the air.
Concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong oxidant with powerful dehydrating properties, making it highly corrosive towards other materials, from rocks to metals. 
Phosphorus pentoxide is a notable exception in that it is not dehydrated by sulfuric acid but, to the contrary, dehydrates sulfuric acid to sulfur trioxide. 

When sulfuric acid is added to water, a considerable amount of heat is released; thus, the reverse procedure of adding water to the acid is generally avoided since the heat released may boil the solution, spraying droplets of hot acid during the process. 
E513 Sulphuric acid upon contact with body tissue, sulfuric acid can cause severe acidic chemical burns and secondary thermal burns due to dehydration.
E513 Sulphuric acid is substantially less hazardous without the oxidative and dehydrating properties. 

Nonetheless, it must be handled with care due to its acidity.
E513 (sulphuric acid) is also used in industrial dehydration processes, where it removes water from chemical mixtures due to its strong water-attracting (hygroscopic) nature.
It can carbonize or dehydrate organic materials in extreme cases.

E513 Sulphuric acid makes it highly reactive in chemical systems.
It is involved in cleaning and pickling of metals at large scale, where it removes rust, scale, and oxide layers from steel surfaces.
This prepares metals for coating or further processing.

E513 Sulphuric acid improves industrial surface quality.
In chemical intermediate production, it is used to manufacture substances like hydrochloric acid, nitric acid derivatives, and sulfate salts.

E513 Sulphuric acid acts as a central reagent in acid-based synthesis chains.
This improves industrial chemical output.

E513 Sulphuric acid is used in explosives manufacturing, where it participates in the production of nitration mixtures.
It helps create nitro compounds used in industrial explosives.
This supports controlled energetic material production.

In petrochemical industries, it is used in refining and alkylation processes to produce high-performance fuels.
E513 Sulphuric acid helps convert hydrocarbons into more stable fuel components.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves fuel efficiency.

E513 Sulphuric acid is used in pigment and dye production, where it assists in chemical reactions that form color compounds.
It supports synthesis of industrial dyes and coatings.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves material coloration processes.

In detergent manufacturing, it is used indirectly in the production of surfactants and cleaning agents.
E513 Sulphuric acid helps create sulfate-based surfactants.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves cleaning product performance.

E513 Sulphuric acid is used in mineral processing, where it helps extract or purify certain ores and metals.
It supports separation and refinement reactions.
This improves resource recovery.

In laboratory and analytical chemistry, sulphuric acid is used for controlled strong-acid reactions and as a drying agent for gases.
E513 Sulphuric acid provides highly predictable acidic conditions.
This improves experimental control.

E513 Sulphuric acid is also used in water treatment and pH control systems, where it neutralizes alkaline waste streams.
It helps regulate industrial wastewater chemistry.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves environmental compliance.

E513 Sulphuric acid is a critical industrial chemical used across dehydration, metal treatment, fuel refining, chemical synthesis, explosives production, detergents, pigments, and wastewater treatment due to its extremely strong acidity and high reactivity.
It is used in industrial cleaning of reactors and pipelines, where it removes scale, mineral deposits, and chemical residues.

E513 Sulphuric acid restores equipment performance.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves maintenance efficiency.

In food industry indirect processing, E513 Sulphuric acid may be used in the production of ingredients like glucose syrup or modified starch (not as a food additive itself).
E513 Sulphuric acid is fully removed or neutralized before final products.
This ensures regulatory safety.

E513 Sulphuric acid is used in pharmaceutical synthesis, where it helps form active pharmaceutical intermediates under controlled conditions.
It provides strong acidic reaction environments.
This improves drug manufacturing precision.

In oil well acidizing, it is used to dissolve carbonate rock formations and improve oil flow.
E513 Sulphuric acid enhances permeability in reservoirs.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves extraction efficiency.

It is used in laboratory drying of organic solvents and gases, where it acts as a powerful desiccant.
E513 Sulphuric acid removes trace water from chemical systems.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves experimental accuracy.

In mining operations, it assists in leaching and extraction of metals from ores.
It helps dissolve and separate valuable elements.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves mineral recovery.

E513 Sulphuric acid is also used in pH control for large-scale industrial reactors, where precise acidity is required for chemical reactions.
It ensures optimal reaction conditions.
E513 Sulphuric acid is a highly important industrial acid used across gas drying, recycling, cleaning, oil recovery, chemical synthesis, mining, and pH control systems due to its extreme acidity, strong dehydrating power, and broad chemical reactivity.

Uses Of E513 Sulphuric acid:
E513 Sulphuric acid is mainly used in the industrial production of fertilizers, chemicals, and materials.
It is one of the most widely used industrial acids in the world.
E513 Sulphuric acid makes it a key chemical in manufacturing.

In fertilizer production, it is used to produce phosphoric acid and sulfate fertilizers.
E513 Sulphuric acid helps convert raw phosphate rock into usable fertilizer products.
This improves agricultural output.

In petroleum refining, it is used in alkylation processes to produce high-octane gasoline components.
E513 Sulphuric acid helps remove impurities and improve fuel quality.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves energy production.

In metal processing, it is used for pickling steel and removing rust or scale.
It cleans metal surfaces before coating or further processing.
This improves industrial finishing.

In battery production, it is used as the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries.
E513 Sulphuric acid enables electrochemical energy storage.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves battery performance.

In chemical manufacturing, it is used to produce detergents, dyes, explosives, and other chemicals.
E513 Sulphuric acid acts as a key reactant in many reactions.
This improves industrial synthesis.

In laboratory use, it is used for strong acid reactions and controlled chemical experiments.
E513 Sulphuric acid provides reliable strong acidity.
This improves experimental precision.

E513 Sulphuric acid is mainly used in large-scale industrial manufacturing and chemical processing.
It is one of the most widely used industrial chemicals in the world.
This makes it essential for many production systems.

In fertilizer production, it is used to make phosphoric acid and sulfate fertilizers.
E513 Sulphuric acid helps convert phosphate rock into usable plant nutrients.
This improves agricultural productivity.

In petroleum refining, it is used in alkylation processes to produce high-octane fuels.
E513 Sulphuric acid helps improve fuel quality and performance.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves energy output.

In metal processing, it is used for pickling steel by removing rust and oxide layers.
It cleans metal surfaces before coating or further processing.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves material quality.

In chemical manufacturing, it is used to produce detergents, dyes, pigments, explosives, and many other compounds.
E513 Sulphuric acid acts as a key reactant in industrial synthesis.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves production efficiency.

In battery production, it is used as the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries.
It enables electrochemical energy storage.
E513 Sulphuric acid supports automotive and backup power systems.

In water and wastewater treatment, it is used to adjust pH and neutralize alkaline streams.
E513 Sulphuric acid helps control industrial effluents.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves environmental management.

In oil and gas industry, it is used in well acidizing to dissolve rock formations and improve oil flow.
E513 Sulphuric acid enhances extraction efficiency.
This improves resource recovery.

In mineral processing and mining, it is used to extract and purify metals from ores.
It supports leaching and separation processes.
E513 Sulphuric acid improves mineral recovery.

In laboratory and research applications, it is used as a strong acid for experiments and analytical chemistry.
It provides highly controlled acidic conditions.
This improves scientific accuracy.

In industrial cleaning and maintenance, it is used to remove scale, deposits, and chemical residues from equipment.
It restores system efficiency.
E513 Sulphuric acid is used across fertilizer production, fuel refining, metal treatment, chemical synthesis, battery systems, mining, oil extraction, wastewater treatment, and laboratory work, mainly due to its extremely strong acidity and high reactivity, making it a core chemical in global industry.

Safety Profile Of E513 Sulphuric acid:
E513 Sulphuric acid is a highly hazardous and strongly corrosive chemical.
It can cause severe damage on contact with tissues.
Strict handling precautions are required.

The most serious hazard is severe burns to skin and eyes.
Contact can cause rapid tissue destruction and permanent injury.
Eye exposure may lead to blindness.

Inhalation of acid vapors or mists can cause respiratory irritation and lung damage.
It may lead to coughing, choking, and breathing difficulty.
High exposure is dangerous.

Skin contact causes rapid chemical burns and dehydration of tissue.
The acid reacts strongly with water in skin cells.
Ingestion is extremely dangerous and can cause severe internal burns in the mouth, throat, and stomach.

E513 Sulphuric acid is considered a highly dangerous, strongly corrosive chemical, and it is one of the most hazardous industrial acids in common use.
Its risks come from its extreme acidity, strong dehydrating action, and highly reactive nature.
Strict industrial safety controls are required for handling.

The most severe hazard is chemical burns to skin and eyes.
Even small contact can cause rapid tissue destruction and permanent damage.
Eye exposure may result in serious injury or blindness.

Inhalation of sulphuric acid mist or vapors can cause severe respiratory irritation.
E513 Sulphuric acid may lead to coughing, chest pain, breathing difficulty, and lung damage.