PRODUCTS

E577 (POTASSIUM GLUCONATE)

E577 (Potassium gluconate)=Potassium D-gluconate= D-Gluconic acid potassium salt=2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid potassium salt
CAS Number: 299-27-4
European Community (EC) Number: 206-074-2
Formula: C6H11KO7
Molar mass: 234.245 g•mol−1
IUPAC name: Potassium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate

DESCRIPTION
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is one of several supplemental forms of potassium that will increase your levels of potassium.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is also referred to as 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycaproic acid potassium salt, D-gluconic acid potassium salt, or potassium D-gluconate
E577 (Potassium gluconate) contains 16.69% potassium by mass.
Thus 5.99 g of E577 (Potassium gluconate) contains 1 g of potassium.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) has a density of 1.73 g/cm3.
Potassium is a mineral that is found in many foods and is needed for several functions of your body, especially the beating of your heart.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) can be used as a dietary ingredient and as a nutrient.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is known to be used in pharmaceuticals as a potassium source.
Potassium works with sodium to normalize heart rhythms and to regulate the body’s waste balance. E577 (Potassium gluconate) also preserves proper alkalinity of body fluids and assists in reducing high blood pressure
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is used to prevent or to treat low blood levels of potassium (hypokalemia). Potassium levels can be low as a result of a disease or from taking certain medicines, or after a prolonged illness with diarrhea or vomiting.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is a mineral that is found naturally in foods and is necessary for the normal function of your heart, muscles, and nerves.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is used to prevent low potassium (hypokalemia).
E577 (Potassium gluconate) may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is the potassium salt of gluconic acid, which is obtained from glucose by fermentation and subsequent neutralisation with a potassium source.
Physiologically, gluconic acid is an important intermediate product of the carbohydrate metabolism.

E577 (Potassium gluconate) is recommended for introducing or enriching potassium in food, especially in dietetic food.
Furthermore the product acts as a buffer salt and as a salt replacer in foodstuffs where sodium salts are not desired.

In pharmaceuticals, E577 (Potassium gluconate) serves as a potassium source against potassium deficiency or as a systemic alkaliser.

E577 (Potassium gluconate) is also used in technical applications e.g. as sequestering agent in textiles or for galvanic surface treatment.

E577 (Potassium gluconate) is a free flowing, white to slightly yellow, crystalline powder with a slightly bitter taste.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is readily water soluble.
Furthermore, E577 (Potassium gluconate) is non-toxic and possesses good physiological compatibility so that E577 (Potassium gluconate) may be used in food and pharmaceutical products.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is supplied in its anhydrous form and shows little hygroscopic behaviour.

Aqueous solutions of E577 (Potassium gluconate) resist oxidation and reduction, even at high temperatures, and are not corrosive.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is easily biologically degradable and consequently, provides no wastewater problem.

The directly compressible form E577 (Potassium gluconate) shows optimal tableting properties due to its amorphous structure.
Potassium is rapidly and well absorbed.
A 2016 dose-response trial found that humans absorb about 94% of E577 (Potassium gluconate) in supplements, and this absorption rate is similar to that of potassium from potatoes
Potassium is an essential nutrient.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid, where E577 (Potassium gluconate) plays a key role in maintaining cell function, especially in excitable cells such as skeletal muscles, the heart, and nerves.
Increases in interstitial potassium play an important role in eliciting rapid vasodilation, allowing for blood flow to increase in exercising muscle.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is a dietary supplement used to prevent low potassium.
Potassium is important for the heart, muscles, and nerves.
Too much or too little potassium in the body can cause serious problems.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) helps Control Activity Of The Heart Muscle.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) helps regulate water balance within the body.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is an essential mineral that is widely distributed among food sources, with especially high levels present in fruits and vegetables
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is critical for the maintenance of normal whole-body and cellular fluid levels, as well as for the maintenance of acid-base balance.
CAS Number: 299-27-4
European Community (EC) Number: 206-074-2
Formula: C6H11KO7
Molar mass: 234.245 g•mol−1

E577 (Potassium gluconate) is a salt of Potassium cation and is classified as a food additive by the FDA
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is also used as a potassium supplement
Potassium is an essential nutrient.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is the most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid, where E577 (Potassium gluconate) plays a key role in maintaining cell function
In dietary supplements, potassium is often present as potassium chloride, but many other forms—including potassium citrate, phosphate, aspartate, bicarbonate, and gluconate—are also used. E577 (Potassium gluconate) is believed to be more palatable and non-acidifying than potassium chloride
USES
E577 (Potassium gluconate) prevents Low Potassium:
E577 (Potassium gluconate) supplements are primarily used to prevent or treat low levels of potassium. Your potassium levels can drop when you lose more fluids than normal, whether due to excessive sweating, diarrhea, vomiting or taking water pills or laxatives.
Low potassium doesn’t always cause symptoms, but it can make you feel fatigued.
You may experience bloating, abdominal pain or muscle weakness.
If low potassium is not corrected, it can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, a condition requiring immediate medical attention.
CAS Number: 299-27-4
European Community (EC) Number: 206-074-2
Formula: C6H11KO7
Molar mass: 234.245 g•mol−1

POTASSIUM GLUCONATE Lowers Blood Pressure:
Through its ability to dilate your blood vessels, potassium improves blood flow and lowers blood pressure.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) also helps to counteract high blood pressure caused by sodium.
While it takes about four weeks to see results, potassium supplements may lower your blood pressure, according to a report published in the March 2006 issue of the “American Journal of Physiology.”
But consult your health care provider to determine whether supplements are appropriate for your condition and to establish the right dose.
Applications of E577 (Potassium gluconate):
Industrial Applications:
•    Agrochemicals, Fertilisers
•    Metal Surface Treatment
•    Textile, Leather
Food:
•    Baby Food, Infant Formula
•    Dairy
•    Dairy Alternatives
•    Meat Alternatives
•    Plant-based Products
•    Table Top Products
Beverages:
•    Carbonated Soft Drinks
•    Instant Drinks, Syrups
•    Juice Drinks
•    Plant-based
•    Sports and Energy Drinks
•    Waters
Pharma:
•    Chelating agent
•    Mineral source
Healthcare:
•    Clinical Nutrition
•    OTC, Food Supplements
•    Pharmaceutical Products
Feed & Pet Food:
•    Pet Food
Personal Care:
•    Skin Care
•    Soap and Bath Products
Cleaners & Detergents:
•    Surface Care

CAS Number: 299-27-4
European Community (EC) Number: 206-074-2
Formula: C6H11KO7
Molar mass: 234.245 g•mol−1

Dietary uses of E577 (Potassium gluconate):
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is used as a mineral supplement and sequestrant.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is sold over-the-counter as tablets or capsules providing up to 593 mg of E577 (Potassium gluconate), thereby containing 99 mg or 2.53 milliequivalents of elemental potassium.
This is the permissible upper limit for each tablet or capsule of over-the-counter potassium supplements sold in the US.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is also sold over-the-counter as bulk powder.
The recommended daily intake for potassium is 4,700 milligrams, but most adults consume barely half that amount, reports the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Taking a E577 (Potassium gluconate) supplement can help fill in the gap and provide some of your daily potassium.
The best way to obtain your recommended intake, however, is by including potassium-rich foods at every meal.
A variety of foods are good sources of potassium, including baked potatoes, spinach, broccoli, tomatoes, bananas, orange juice, strawberries and yogurt or low-fat milk.

As a food additive, E577 (Potassium gluconate) is used as an acidity regulator and yeast food.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is known as E number reference E577.
Its oral median lethal dose (LD50) in rats is 10.38 g/kg
This is not an indicator of a safe oral daily dose in rats or humans.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood.
A normal level of E577 (Potassium gluconate) in the blood is important.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly.
Most people get enough E577 (Potassium gluconate) by eating a well-balanced diet.
Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with "water pills"/diuretics.

If you are taking the over-the-counter product to self-treat, read all directions on the product package before taking E577 (Potassium gluconate).
If you have any questions, consult your pharmacist.
To prevent stomach upset, take each dose with a meal and a full glass of water (8 ounces/240 milliliters) unless your doctor directs you otherwise.
Do not lie down for at least 10 minutes after taking E577 (Potassium gluconate).
Do not crush, chew, or suck extended-release capsules or tablets.
Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects.
Also, do not split extended-release tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so.
Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.
Take E577 (Potassium gluconate) by mouth as directed by your doctor or the product package, usually once daily.
Take E577 (Potassium gluconate) regularly to get the most benefit from it.
To help you remember, take E577 (Potassium gluconate) at the same time each day.
The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.
Do not increase your dose or take E577 (Potassium gluconate) more often than directed.
Tell your doctor if you think you may have a serious medical problem or if you have symptoms of low potassium in the blood (such as irregular heartbeat, muscle weakness/cramps).

Take E577 (Potassium gluconate) by mouth with a full glass of water.
You can take E577 (Potassium gluconate) with or without food.
Follow the directions on the prescription label.
Take E577 (Potassium gluconate) at regular intervals.
Do not take E577 (Potassium gluconate) more often than directed.
Do not stop taking except on your doctor's advice.
Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of E577 (Potassium gluconate) in children.
Special care may be needed.
Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of E577 (Potassium gluconate) contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.

If you miss a dose, take E577 (Potassium gluconate) as soon as you can.
If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose.
Do not take double or extra doses of E577 (Potassium gluconate)
Do not take POTASSIUM GLUCONATE with any of the following medications:

•    certain diuretics such as spironolactone, triamterene
•    eplerenone
•    sodium polystyrene sulfonate
E577 (Potassium gluconate) may also interact with the following medications:

•    certain medicines for blood pressure or heart disease like lisinopril, losartan, quinapril, valsartan
•    medicines that lower your chance of fighting infection such as cyclosporine, tacrolimus
•    NSAIDs, medicines for pain and inflammation, like ibuprofen or naproxen
•    other potassium supplements
•    salt substitutes

This list may not describe all possible interactions.
Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use.
Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs.
Some items may interact with E577 (Potassium gluconate)
Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular check ups.
You will need lab work done regularly.
You may need to be on a special diet while taking E577 (Potassium gluconate).
Ask your doctor.
CAS Number: 299-27-4
European Community (EC) Number: 206-074-2
Formula: C6H11KO7
Molar mass: 234.245 g•mol−1

STORAGE OF E577 (Potassium gluconate):
Store E577 (Potassium gluconate) at room temperature away from light and moisture.
Do not store E577 (Potassium gluconate) in the bathroom.
Keep E577 (Potassium gluconate) away from children and pets.
Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard E577 (Potassium gluconate) when it is expired or no longer needed.
Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store E577 (Potassium gluconate) at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F).
Keep bottle closed tightly to protect E577 (Potassium gluconate) from light and moisture.
Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.
Ask a doctor or pharmacist if E577 (Potassium gluconate) is safe to use if you have ever had:

•    heart problems, irregular heartbeats;
•    diabetes;
•    trouble swallowing;
•    a severe burn injury;
•    an ulcer or other problems with your stomach or intestines;
•    Addison's disease (an adrenal gland disorder);
•    an allergic reaction to a product that contains potassium;
•    kidney disease; or
•    if you are dehydrated.
Precautions about E577 (Potassium gluconate):
Before taking E577 (Potassium gluconate), tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any allergies.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems.
Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using E577 (Potassium gluconate), tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: heart problems, kidney problems, high levels of potassium in the blood.
Due to rare reports of stomach/intestinal ulcers and bleeding with sustained-release potassium products, taking a liquid form of potassium is preferred.
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have throat/stomach/intestinal problems such as blockage, narrowing, or ulcers.
Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).
Before using other potassium supplements or salt substitutes that contain potassium, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Because of potassium’s wide-ranging roles in the body, low intakes can increase the risk of illness

Potassium supplements are indicated to prevent hypokalemia in patients who would be at particular risk if hypokalemia were to develop (e.g., digitalis treated patients with significant cardiac arrhythmias).
Potassium deficiency occurs when the rate of loss through renal excretion and/or loss from the gastrointestinal tract is higher than the rate of potassium intake.
In addition to serving as a preventative supplement, E577 (Potassium gluconate) also serves as a treatment for decreased potassium level
CAS Number: 299-27-4
European Community (EC) Number: 206-074-2
Formula: C6H11KO7
Molar mass: 234.245 g•mol−1

For oral dosage form of E577 (Potassium gluconate) (liquid for solution):
To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
For Adults and teenagers:
20 milliequivalents (mEq) diluted in 2 tablespoonfuls or more of cold water or juice, taken two to four times a day.
Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
For Children:
Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor.
The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kilogram (kg) (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day.
The solution of E577 (Potassium gluconate) should be well mixed into water or juice.
For oral dosage form (powder for solution):
To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
For Adults and teenagers:
20 mEq mixed in 2 tablespoonfuls or more of cold water or juice taken two to four times a day.
Your doctor may change the dose if needed.
However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
For Children:
Dose is base on body weight and must be determined by your doctor.
The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kg (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day.
The solution should be well mixed into water or juice.

CAS Number: 299-27-4
European Community (EC) Number: 206-074-2
Formula: C6H11KO7
Molar mass: 234.245 g•mol−1
Stability and reactivity of E577 (Potassium gluconate):
Reactivity:
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is stable and non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.
Chemical stability:
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Stable at normal conditions.
Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No dangerous reaction known under conditions of normal use.
Conditions to avoid:
Contact with incompatible materials.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous decomposition products:
Irritating and/or toxic fumes or gases.
Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions.

Specifications about E577 (Potassium gluconate):
Assay: 97.0 - 103.0%
Heavy Metals: 20 ppm maximum
LOD: 3.0% maximum
Reducing Substances: 1.0% maximum
Residual Solvents: Conforms to USP
Appearance: Pass
Particle Size:
Mesh on 16: 0% maximum
Mesh On 140: 80% minimum
Microbial Test Results:
Aerobic Plate Count: 1000 cfu/g maximum
Yeast and Mold Count: 100 cfu/g maximum
Total Coliforms: Negative

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Potassium is the most abundant cation (approximately 150 to 160 mEq per liter) within human cells. Intracellular sodium content is relatively low.
In the extracellular fluid, sodium predominates and the potassium content is low (3.5 to 5 mEq per liter).
A membrane-bound enzyme, sodium-potassium–activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Na +K +ATPase), actively transports or pumps sodium out and potassium into cells to maintain the concentration gradients.
The intracellular to extracellular potassium gradients are necessary for nerve impulse signaling in such specialized tissues as the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle, and for the maintenance of physiologic renal function and maintenance of acid-base balance.
High intracellular potassium concentrations are necessary for numerous cellular metabolic processes
Intracellular K+ serves as a reservoir to limit the fall in extracellular potassium concentrations occurring under pathologic conditions with loss of potassium from the body

Chemical and Physical Properties of E577 (Potassium gluconate):
Molecular Weight: 234.25 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count:    5
Exact Mass: 234.01418417 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 234.01418417 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area:    141 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge:    0
Complexity: 176
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:    2
Compound Is Canonicalized:    Yes

Physical Description of E577 (Potassium gluconate):
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is a dry powder.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) odourless, free flowing white to yellowish white, crystalline powder or granules.
E577 (Potassium gluconate) has mild, slightly saline taste.

E577 (Potassium gluconate) is a White powder
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Typical, practically odourless
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Slightly salty taste
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Highly absorbable and bioavailable
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Superior compressability to tablets
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Mildly alkaline
E577 (Potassium gluconate) has Excellent compatibility
E577 (Potassium gluconate) has Potassium content of 17%
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Allergen and GMO free
Main functions of E577 (Potassium gluconate):
Potassium source for dietetic food, OTC products and pharmaceuticals
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Sodium-free buffer salt
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Salt replacer
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Sequestering agent for textile or surface treatment
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is Chelating agent
CAS Number: 299-27-4
European Community (EC) Number: 206-074-2
Formula: C6H11KO7
Molar mass: 234.245 g•mol−1

Forms of Medication:
E577 (Potassium gluconate) is available in the following forms:
•    Extended Release Tablet
•    Oral Capsule
•    Oral Powder
•    Oral Solution
•    Oral Tablet

Legal aspects of E577 (Potassium gluconate):
In Europe, E577 (Potassium gluconate) is listed as a generally permitted food additive (E577) and may be added to all foodstuffs, following the "quantum satis" principle as regulated in EU Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 (Annex 2), as long as no special regulation restricts the use.

In addition to existing national allowances in some countries, potassium is on the positive list of the EU Regulation (EC) No. 1925/2006 on food fortification and is allowed in food supplements (Directive 2002/46/EC).
It is listed as mineral salt in the EU Regulation (EC) No. 609/2013 on food intended for infants and young children, food for special medical purposes, and total diet replacement for weight control.

In the USA, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) affirmed E577 (Potassium gluconate) as generally recognised as safe (GRAS) and permitted the use in food with no limitation other than current good manufacturing practice.

CAS Number: 299-27-4
European Community (EC) Number: 206-074-2
Formula: C6H11KO7
Molar mass: 234.245 g•mol−1

Synonyms:
MeSH Entry Terms:d
boron gluconate

D-gluconate

D-gluconic acid

dextronic acid

gluconate

gluconic acid

gluconic acid, (113)indium-labeled

gluconic acid, (14)C-labeled

gluconic acid, (159)dysprosium-labeled salt

gluconic acid, (99)technecium (5+) salt

gluconic acid, 1-(14)C-labeled

gluconic acid, 6-(14)C-labeled

gluconic acid, aluminum (3:1) salt

gluconic acid, ammonium salt

gluconic acid, calcium salt

gluconic acid, cesium(+3) salt

gluconic acid, cobalt (2:1) salt

gluconic acid, copper salt

gluconic acid, Fe(+2) salt, dihydrate

gluconic acid, lanthanum(+3) salt

gluconic acid, magnesium (2:1) salt

gluconic acid, manganese (2:1) salt

gluconic acid, monolithium salt

gluconic acid, monopotassium salt

gluconic acid, monosodium salt

gluconic acid, potassium salt

gluconic acid, sodium salt

gluconic acid, strontium (2:1) salt

gluconic acid, tin(+2) salt

gluconic acid, zinc salt

lithium gluconate

magnerot

magnesium gluconate

maltonic acid

manganese gluconate

pentahydroxycaproic acid

sodium gluconate

zinc gluconate

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
E577 (Potassium gluconate)

299-27-4

Potassium D-gluconate

Gluconic acid potassium salt

D-Gluconic acid, monopotassium salt

potassium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate

HSDB 3165

UNII-12H3K5QKN9

D-Gluconic acid potassium salt

D-Gluconic acid, potassium salt

12H3K5QKN9

Potassuril

Kaon elixir

PotassiumD-gluconate

MFCD00064211

Katorin

Potalium

Potasoral

Sirokal

Kalium-beta

Gluconsan K

Kalium Gluconate

Potassiumgluconate

K-Iao

2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid potassium salt

Monopotassium D-gluconate

D-Gluconic acid, potassium salt (1:?)

Gluconic acid, monopotassium salt

EINECS 206-074-2

E577 (Potassium gluconate) [USP:JAN]

EINECS 252-355-8

Gluconsan-K (TN)

Gluconic acid, monopotassium salt, D-

DSSTox_CID_9617

EC 206-074-2

DSSTox_RID_78789

Gluconic Acid (Food Grade)

DSSTox_GSID_29617

SCHEMBL40567

C6H11KO7

INS NO.577

E577 (Potassium gluconate) (JAN/USP)

CHEMBL2106978

DTXSID7029617

Potassium D-gluconate, >=99%

CHEBI:32032

Gluconic Acid (Technical Grade)

INS-577

Tox21_202774

AKOS000277995

DB13620

NCGC00260321-01

AC-15968

CAS-299-27-4

M845

CS-0108842

E-577

G0040

D01298

A876352

Q1122870

W-202242

E577 (Potassium gluconate), meets USP testing specifications, anhydrous

potassium;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate

D-Gluconic acid monopotassium salt; Gluconic acid potassium salt;

E577 (Potassium gluconate), United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

E577 (Potassium gluconate), Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material