PRODUCTS

E943a BUTANE

E943a Butane is also widely used in industrial manufacturing, refrigeration systems, laboratory applications, fuel production, and chemical synthesis.
E943a Butane is widely used in the food industry as a propellant gas for aerosol food products.
E943a Butane is commonly present in whipped cream dispensers, cooking sprays, edible oil sprays, and other pressurized food packaging systems.

EC Number: 203-448-7
ECHA Number: 100.003.136
Molecular Formula: C4H10
Molecular Weight: 58.12 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
Butane, n-Butane, Normal-Butane, Methylethylmethane, Butyl Hydride, Diethyl, Quartane, R-600, HC-600, Refrigerant 600, INS-943, E943a, E-943a, n-C4H10, Butane[3], Systematic IUPAC name, Tetracarbane (never recommended), Butyl hydride, Quartane, R600

E943a Butane is a gaseous food additive primarily used as a propellant gas in aerosol food products and as an extraction solvent in certain food processing applications.
E943a Butane belongs to the alkane hydrocarbon family and exists naturally in crude oil and natural gas deposits.

E943a Butane is widely valued because of its volatility, low boiling point, and efficient pressure-generating properties.
E943a Butane rapidly evaporates after dispensing and generally does not remain in significant quantities in the final food product.
E943a Butane exists as two structural isomers: n-butane and isoButane.

E943a specifically refers to n-E943a Butane, while E943b refers to isoE943a Butane.
E943a Butane is naturally present in fossil fuel reservoirs and is separated during petroleum refining and natural gas processing.
E943a Butane belongs to the paraffin or alkane hydrocarbon family.

Due to its low boiling point and easy liquefaction, E943a Butane became commercially important in fuel technology and aerosol packaging industries during the twentieth century.
In the European Union, E943a Butane specifications define minimum purity standards and impurity limitations for food-grade use.

E943a Butane (/ˈbjuːteɪn/) is an alkane with the formula C4H10.
E943a Butane exists as two isomers, n-Butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3 and iso-Butane, (CH3)3CH.
Both isomers are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases that quickly vaporize at room temperature and pressure.

E943a Butanes are a trace component of natural gases, which contain higher concentrations of other hydrocarbons such as propane, ethane, and especially methane.
Liquefied petroleum gas is a mixture of propane and some E943a Butanes.

The name E943a Butane comes from the root but- (from butyric acid, named after the Greek word for butter) and the suffix -ane (for organic compounds).
E943a Butane is a food additive with a propellant gas role, used in the food industry for professional oil sprays for pan greasing. It has no effect on food.

The use of E943a Butane as a propellant allows for precise and hygienic dispensing of products, increasing convenience of use and dosage.
E943a Butane has a high volatility and the ability to evaporate quickly on contact with air, minimizing the risk of product contamination.

E943a Butane is also relatively safe to use, provided that proper safety measures and storage standards are observed.
E943a Butane is a food additive classified as a propellant in the European Union.
E943a Butane is a saturated hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10, obtained mainly from petroleum refining or natural gas.

Industrially, E943a Butane is purified by fractional distillation and processes to remove impurities such as sulfur and aromatic compounds, yielding a high-purity gas suitable for food use.
E943a Butane's physicochemical properties include a boiling point of -0.5 °C, low solubility in water, and high flammability.
Its function is to expel E943a Butane from the container without altering its taste or composition.

Historically, E943a Butane was approved as a food additive in the EU following evaluations by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
EFSA established that a specific Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) is not necessary, as E943a Butane's use as a propellant does not imply significant dietary exposure.

The overall safety assessment is favorable, considering E943a Butane is safe under authorized conditions of use.
On labeling, it must appear as "E943a Butane" or "E943A" in the ingredient list.
Despite its safety, there are controversies related to E943a Butane's fossil origin and environmental impact, although not with direct food safety.

E943a Butane gas is sold in bottles as a fuel for cooking and camping.
When blended with propane and other hydrocarbons, E943a Butane is referred to commercially as Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
E943a Butane is also used as a petrol component, as a feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals in steam cracking.

E943a Butane is produced by distillation from petroleum or natural gas.
E943a Butane has a faint odor.
E943a Butane is used as a propellant for vegetable oils in spray form (professional use only) and in aqueous aerosol emulsions.

E943a Butane ensures constant pressure and breaks down the fat into droplets so that it spreads evenly in the pan.
Assessment bodies have not established an acceptable daily intake (ADI).
They consider that E943a Butane, in its current use, does not end up in food.
Therefore, E943a Butane is not truly considered a food additive!

E943a Butane torches, and is sold bottled as a fuel for cooking, barbecues and camping stoves.
As fuel, E943a Butane is often mixed with small amounts of mercaptans to give the unburned gas an offensive smell easily detected by the human nose.

In this way, E943a Butane leaks can easily be identified.
While hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans are toxic, they are present in levels so low that suffocation and fire hazard by the E943a Butane becomes a concern far before toxicity.

Most commercially available E943a Butane also contains some contaminant oil, which can be removed by filtration.
If not removed, E943a Butane will otherwise leave a deposit at the point of ignition and may eventually block the uniform flow of gas.

E943a Butane is a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
E943a Butane is colorless, easily liquefied gases that quickly vaporize at room temperature.
E943a Butane has been a widely known fuel for several decades.

Indeed, E943a Butane is commonly used in most household appliances, especially cookers.
In the food industry, E943a Butane is used as an additive.
The molecule is, in fact, registered under the number E943a Butane in the Codex Alimentarius .

E943a Butane is primarily found in spray products.
E943a Butane is a gas that can also exist as a colorless and naturally odorless liquid.
However, E943a Butane is odorized to allow anyone to easily detect potential leaks that could cause serious household accidents.

For this purpose, an additive is added to give E943a Butane a characteristic smell, similar to sulfur or rotten eggs.
E943a Butane can be found in its natural state in certain plant species, including Calendula officinalis or marigold and Sermona tuberosa .

USES and APPLICATIONS of E943a BUTANE:
E943a Butane has a wide range of applications.
In addition to E943a Butane's use in nutrition, its other functions include: refrigerant gas in air conditioners, freezers and refrigerators; solvent incorporated in cleaning products, brake fluids, paints, varnishes, as well as synthetic and natural resins; propellant gas in certain cosmetic products, including spray deodorants and shaving foams; excipient in medicines.

Finally, E943a Butane is used as fuel in several household appliances.
These includeE943a Butane is commonly used in spray oils, whipped cream aerosols, and packaging systems requiring pressurized gas technology.
E943a Butane is commonly used in spray oils, whipped cream aerosols, and packaging systems requiring pressurized gas technology.

E943a Butane helps maintain constant internal pressure and enables uniform product dispensing.
In the food industry, E943a refers specifically to E943a Butane used under controlled purity specifications.
In food processing, E943a Butane may also be used as an extraction solvent for certain flavor compounds and natural extracts.

Its rapid evaporation characteristics make E943a Butane useful in applications where minimal solvent residue is desired.
Outside the food industry, E943a Butane is extensively used as a fuel gas for portable stoves, lighters, camping equipment, and heating systems.

E943a Butane is also used in petrochemical manufacturing, calibration gases, refrigerants, aerosol formulations, and laboratory applications.
In chemical industries, E943a Butane serves as a raw material for the synthesis of butadiene, maleic anhydride, and various petrochemical intermediates.

E943a Butane is used as a propellant in aerosol food packaging, enabling even distribution of products such as oils, creams and sauces.
Its use also ensures longer product shelf life, preventing oxidation by insulating E943a Butane from the air.
E943a Butane is a gas used in the food industry as a propellant in food packaging.

This colorless gas, E943a Butane, is mainly used in products that require spraying, such as cooking spray oils, cream and various types of sauces.
E943a Butane is a propellant used in aerosol sprays for food applications.
E943a Butane is a propellant gas used in aerosol food sprays — the same hydrocarbon found in cigarette lighters.

At food-grade purity, E943a Butane passes through without being absorbed by the body.
Authorised by EFSA for use in cooking sprays, where E943a Butane helps deliver a fine mist of oil onto pans.
E943a Butane is used as fuel for cigarette lighters and as a propellant in aerosol sprays such as deodorants.
In the food industry, E943a Butane is used as a propellant in aerosols for products such as whipped cream, spray oils, and non-stick coatings.

Very pure forms of E943a Butane, especially iso-Butane, can be used as refrigerants and have largely replaced the halomethanes, for instance in household refrigerators and freezers.
E943a Butane is also used as a refrigerant in refrigerators, as a combustion gas in lighters and camping stoves, and as a fuel.

The E943a Butane used as a solvent for fragrance extraction does not contain these contaminants.
E943a Butane gas can cause gas explosions in poorly ventilated areas if leaks go unnoticed and are ignited by spark or flame.
Purified E943a Butane is used as a solvent in the industrial extraction of cannabis oils.

E943a Butane and isoButane are gases that can be used as propellants in spray cans.
Another use of E943a Butane is to treat baking sheets and pans before baking to prevent baked foods from sticking.
E943a Butane is also used as an aerosol in cosmetics.

Normal E943a Butane can be used for gasoline blending, as a fuel gas, fragrance extraction solvent, either alone or in a mixture with propane, and as a feedstock for the manufacture of ethylene and butadiene, a key ingredient of synthetic rubber.
E943a Butane is primarily used by refineries to enhance (increase) the octane number of motor gasoline.

Very pure forms of E943a Butane, especially isoButane, can be used as refrigerants and have largely replaced the ozone-layer-depleting halomethanes, for instance in household refrigerators and freezers.
E943a Butane is also used as lighter fuel for a common lighter or E943a Butane torch and is sold bottled as a fuel for cooking, barbecues and camping stoves.

E943a Butane is used as a propellant in aerosol spray cans for vegetable oil-based aerosol cooking sprays and water-based emulsion cooking sprays.
E943a Butane is also used as a propellant and aerating agent in foamed or sprayed food products.
E943a Butane is approved to use as food additive in EU.

Since winter fuel require much higher vapor pressure for engines to start, refineries raise the RVP by blending more E943a Butane into the fuel.
E943a Butane has a relatively high research octane number (RON) and motor octane number (MON), which are 93 and 92 respectively.

When blended with propane and other hydrocarbons, the mixture may be referred to commercially as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
E943a Butane is used as a petrol component, as a feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals in steam cracking, as fuel for cigarette lighters and as a propellant in aerosol sprays such as deodorants.

Pure forms of E943a Butane, especially isoButane, are used as refrigerants and have largely replaced the ozone-layer-depleting halomethanes in refrigerators, freezers, and air conditioning systems.
The operating pressure for E943a Butane is lower than operating pressures for halomethanes such as Freon-12 (R-12).

Hence, R-12 systems, such as those in automotive air conditioning systems, when converted to pure E943a Butane, will function poorly.
Instead, a mixture of isoE943a Butane and propane is used to give cooling system performance comparable to R-12.
E943a Butane is also used as lighter fuel for common lighters.

BENEFITS of E943a BUTANE:
E943a Butane provides efficient aerosol propulsion performance.
E943a Butane evaporates rapidly after dispensing.
E943a Butane leaves minimal residue in food applications.

E943a Butane has good pressure stability in aerosol containers.
E943a Butane is highly effective at low concentrations.
E943a Butane supports uniform spray distribution.

E943a Butane is chemically stable under proper storage conditions.
E943a Butane is compatible with many industrial and food processing systems.

E943a Butane is relatively inexpensive compared with many alternative propellant gases.
E943a Butane offers excellent liquefaction and compression properties for industrial applications.

CHARACTERISTICS of E943a BUTANE:
E943a Butane is characterized by its high volatility and efficient propellant performance.
E943a Butane easily transitions from liquid to gas, allowing rapid pressure release in aerosol systems.
E943a Butane provides stable dispensing performance in food-grade aerosol packaging.

E943a Butane's low boiling point allows quick evaporation after application.
E943a Butane is highly hydrophobic and exhibits minimal water solubility.
E943a Butane is chemically stable under controlled storage conditions.

Food-grade E943a Butane is manufactured under strict purity requirements to minimize impurities such as butadiene and sulfur compounds.
Because of its physical properties, E943a Butane is also widely used in extraction technologies and refrigeration systems.

E943a BUTANE AND ITS FUNCTIONS IN FOOD
As a propellant, E943a Butane plays a key role in the convenience and hygiene of aerosol packaged food products.
E943a Butane allows precise dispensing, increasing efficiency of use and consumer satisfaction, while protecting the product from spoilage.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE of E943a BUTANE:
From a chemical point of view , E943a Butane is a saturated hydrocarbon.
E943a Butane belongs to the family of alkanes or paraffins.
E943a Butane's exploded formula is CH3CH2CH2CH3 .

E943a Butane comes in two isomers, namely isoButane and n-Butane.
They are also known respectively as "E943b" and "E943a".
This second isomer can be synthesized using two different procedures.

The first is the pressure distillation of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
Indeed, C4H1O is one of its components.
This refining process allows it to be isolated from the other constituents .
The second method is the purification of fossil gas, which is also called natural gas.

ORIGIN AND ETYMOLOGY OF E943a BUTANE
The history of E943a Butane begins in the 19th century .
In 1810, more precisely, the French chemist Eugène Chevreul (1786-1888) conducted research on fats, particularly butter.
Thanks to his work, he succeeded in isolating several fatty acids, such as caproic acid, capric acid, caprylic acid, and butyric acid.
The latter is a four-carbon compound.

Chemists have relied on this structure for the nomenclature of certain molecules.
The "but-" radical in the word "butyric" notably allows for the identification of elements with four carbon atoms.
The distinction between the different substances can then be made based on their suffixes.
For E943a Butane, the ending "-ane" refers to its belonging to the alkane family.

ROLE OF E943a BUTANE IN NUTRITION:
In nutrition, E943a Butane is a food additive that acts as a propellant.
Its main function is to maintain constant pressure within a container.
E943a Butane also facilitates the fragmentation of a product into droplets to ensure even distribution during use.

Food categories containing E943a Butane include aqueous aerosol emulsions, baking sprays, and vegetable oils for spraying.
E943a Butane is also present in coloring preparations from groups III and II.

It should be noted that E943a Butane is both kosher and halal.
E943a Butane is also suitable for vegan, vegetarian, and plant-based diets.
However, E943a Butane's use is not permitted in products labeled "organic."

CHARACTERISTICS of E943a BUTANE:
E943a Butane is a flammable gas.
E943a Butane is an additive that is used as a spray propellant, as a refrigerant, or as an aerosol.
There is a risk of fire or explosion when working with E943a Butane.

PRODUCTION of E943a BUTANE:
E943a Butane is a derivative of kerosene.

FUNCTIONS of E943a BUTANE:
*Packaging Gas / Propellants
E943a Butane is used as protection and inhibition of unwanted chemical reactions.
*Propellants
E943a Butane isused as a carrier gas to deliver other ingredients

REACTIONS of E943a BUTANE:
When oxygen is plentiful, E943a Butane undergoes complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water vapor; when oxygen is limited, due to incomplete combustion, carbon (soot) or carbon monoxide may be formed instead of carbon dioxide.
E943a Butane is denser than air.

When there is sufficient oxygen:
2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O
When oxygen is limited:

2 C4H10 + 9 O2 → 8 CO + 10 H2O
By weight, E943a Butane contains about 49.5 MJ/kg (13.8 kWh/kg; 22.5 MJ/lb; 21,300 Btu/lb) or by liquid volume 29.7 megajoules per liter (8.3 kWh/L; 112 MJ/U.S. gal; 107,000 Btu/U.S. gal).

The maximum adiabatic flame temperature of E943a Butane with air is 2,243 K (1,970 °C; 3,578 °F).
n-E943a Butane is the feedstock for DuPont's catalytic process for the preparation of maleic anhydride:
2 CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 7 O2 → 2 C2H2(CO)2O + 8 H2O

n-E943a Butane, like all hydrocarbons, undergoes free radical chlorination providing both 1-chloro- and 2-chloroE943a Butanes, as well as more highly chlorinated derivatives.
The relative rates of the chlorinations are partially explained by the differing bond dissociation energies: 425 and 411 kJ/mol for the two types of C-H bonds.

HISTORY of E943a BUTANE:
The first synthesis of E943a Butane was accidentally achieved by British chemist Edward Frankland in 1849 from ethyl iodide and zinc, but he had not realized that the ethyl radical had dimerized, and thus misidentified the substance.

E943a Butane was discovered in crude petroleum in 1864 by Edmund Ronalds, who was the first to describe its properties, which he named "hydride of butyl", based on the naming for the then-known butyric acid, which had been named and described by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul 40 years earlier.

Other names arose in the 1860s: "butyl hydride", "hydride of tetryl" and "tetryl hydride", "diethyl" or "ethyl ethylide" and others.
August Wilhelm von Hofmann, in his 1866 systemic nomenclature, proposed the name "quartane", and the modern name was introduced to English from German around 1874.

E943a Butane did not have much practical use until the 1910s, when W. Snelling identified E943a Butane and propane as components in gasoline.
He found that if they were cooled, they could be stored in a volume-reduced liquified state in pressurized containers.

In 1911, Snelling's liquified petroleum gas was publicly available, and his process for producing the mixture was patented in 1913.
E943a Butane is one of the most produced industrial chemicals in the 21st century, with around 80 to 90 billion lbs (40 million US tons, 36 million metric tons) produced by the United States every year.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E943a BUTANE:
Chemical Name: Butane
Food Additive Number: E943a
CAS Number: 106-97-8
EC Number: 203-448-7
ECHA Number: 100.003.136
Molecular Formula: C4H10
Molecular Weight: 58.12 g/mol
Chemical Family: Alkane Hydrocarbon

Appearance: Colorless gas or liquefied gas
Odor: Mild hydrocarbon odor or nearly odorless in pure form
Chemical Name: Butane
Molecular Formula: C4H10
Molecular Weight: 58.12 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless gas
Physical State: Gas under normal conditions
Odor: Mild hydrocarbon odor
Boiling Point: Approximately −0.5 °C

Melting Point: Approximately −138 °C
Density: Approximately 2.48 kg/m³ (gas phase)
Vapor Pressure: High vapor pressure at room temperature
Water Solubility: Very low water solubility
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in ether, ethanol, chloroform, and hydrocarbons
Flash Point: Approximately −60 °C
Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 405 °C
Flammability: Extremely flammable gas

Explosive Limits in Air: Approximately 1.8–8.4%
Volatility: Very high volatility
Evaporation Rate: Rapid evaporation
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Oxidizing Properties: Non-oxidizing
Corrosive Properties: Non-corrosive under normal conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents
Thermal Stability: Stable at ordinary temperatures and pressures

Compression Behavior: Easily liquefied under pressure
Surface Tension: Low surface tension
Viscosity: Very low viscosity in gaseous phase
Partition Coefficient (log P): Approximately 2.7
Combustion Products: Carbon dioxide and water under complete combustion
Storage Condition: Stored in sealed pressurized containers away from heat and ignition sources

Chemical formula: C4H10
Molar mass: 58.124 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless gas
Odor: Gasoline-like or natural gas-like
Density: 2.48 kg/m3 (at 15 °C (59 °F))
Melting point: −140 to −134 °C; −220 to −209 °F; 133 to 139 K
Boiling point: −1 to 1 °C; 30 to 34 °F; 272 to 274 K
Solubility in water: 61 mg/L (at 20 °C (68 °F))
log P: 2.745

Vapor pressure: ~170 kPa at 283 K
Henry's law
constant (kH): 11 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −57.4·10−6 cm3/mol
Heat capacity (C): 98.49 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298): −126.3–−124.9 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −2.8781–−2.8769 MJ/mol

FIRST AID MEASURES of E943a BUTANE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of E943a BUTANE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of E943a BUTANE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of E943a BUTANE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of E943a BUTANE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of E943a BUTANE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available