E943b ISO-BUTANE

In the food industry, E943b Iso-butane is mainly used as a propellant gas in aerosol products.
E943b Iso-butane is also widely used in refrigeration systems due to its good thermodynamic performance and relatively low environmental impact compared with some synthetic refrigerants.
E943b Iso-butane is a food additive with propellant gas role, used in the food industry for professional oil sprays for pan greasing.

EC Number: 200-857-2
CAS Number: 75-28-5
Molecular Formula: C₄H₁₀
Molecular Weight: 58.12 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
2-Methylpropane, Isobutane, R600a, Iso-Butane, Isobutane, 2-Methylpropane, Methylpropane, Trimethylmethane, i-Butane, R-600a, Refrigerant R600a, E943b, INS 943b, 2-Methylpropan, HC-600a, ISOBUTANE, 2-Methylpropane, 75-28-5, Trimethylmethane, 1,1-Dimethylethane, iso-butane, R 600a, Caswell No. 503A, R-600a, HSDB 608, EINECS 200-857-2, UNII-BXR49TP611, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 097101, BXR49TP611, E943b, (CH3)2CH-CH3, DTXSID1026401, CHEBI:30363, EC 200-857-2, ISOBUTANE (II), ISOBUTANE [II], ISOBUTANE (MART.), ISOBUTANE [MART.], RefChem:5911, PROPANE, 2-METHYL, DTXCID806401, 200-857-2, Propane, 2-methyl-, Isobutane [NF], Isobutane (NF), MFCD00008926, 2-METHYL-D3-PROPANE-1,1,1,3,3,3-D6, dimethylethane, Methylpropane, iso butane, tert-Butane, i-Butane, MEB, H-tBu, ISOBUTANE [FCC], iso-C4H10, SCHEMBL75, 2-Methylpropane, 99%, ISOBUTANE [HSDB], ISOBUTANE [VANDF], 2-Methylpropane, puriss., SCHEMBL768, ISOBUTANE [WHO-DD], SCHEMBL2029, SCHEMBL2814, SCHEMBL78690, SCHEMBL82656, SCHEMBL461521, SCHEMBL1022735, SCHEMBL1290008, SCHEMBL1903594, SCHEMBL2232051, SCHEMBL6636053, SCHEMBL8135523, 2-Methylpropane, 99.995%, CHEMBL2106398, SCHEMBL31252524, Pregabalin Impurity 155, Isobutane, AKOS015917447, UN 1969, DB-360584, I0090, NS00007329, D04623, Q407225

E943b Iso-butane is a colorless, highly flammable hydrocarbon gas commonly used as a propellant, refrigerant, and packaging gas in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Chemically, E943b Iso-butane is a branched-chain alkane and an isomer of butane.

E943b Iso-butane belongs to the hydrocarbon family and occurs naturally in petroleum and natural gas deposits.
E943b Iso-butane, also known as i-butane, 2-methylpropane or methylpropane, is a chemical compound with molecular formula HC(CH3)3.
An isomer of butane, E943b Iso-butane is a colorless, odorless gas.

E943b Iso-butane is the simplest alkane with a tertiary carbon atom, and is used as a precursor molecule in the petrochemical industry, such as in the synthesis of isooctane.
E943b refers to the food additive E943b Iso-butane (also known as 2-methylpropane), a colorless, odorless, and highly flammable hydrocarbon gas.

E943b Iso-butane belongs to the category of propellant gases and is used in the food industry to propel products out of pressurized containers, such as whipped cream sprays and other sprayable food products.
E943b Iso-butane is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor.

E943b Iso-butane is shipped as a liquefied gas under its vapor pressure.
E943b Iso-butane is easily ignited.
The vapors of E943b Iso-butane are heavier than air.

E943b Iso-butane can asphyxiate by the displacement of air.
E943b Iso-butane is an alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.
E943b Iso-butane has a role as a food propellant and a refrigerant.

E943b Iso-butane is a gas molecular entity and an alkane.
E943b Iso-butane is a hydrocarbon and one of two isomers of butane.
Butanes are colorless, odorless, easily liquefied gases.

They are components of gasoline and can also be used as refrigerants and propellants in aerosol sprays.
Butane gas is sold bottled as a fuel for cooking and camping and is also found in cigarette lighters.
Butane is a simple asphyxiant and commonly used substance of abuse that is responsible for a large number of "solvent related" deaths

E943b Iso-butane, also known as methylpropane or 2-methylpropane, is an alkane, isomeric with butane.
Recent concerns with depletion of the ozone layer by freon gases have led to increased use of E943b Iso-butane as a gas for refrigeration systems, especially in domestic refrigerators and freezers, and as a propellant in aerosol sprays.

When used as a refrigerant or a propellant, E943b Iso-butane is also known as R-600a.
E943b Iso-butane is used as a feedstock in the petrochemical industry, for example in the synthesis of isooctane.
E943b Iso-butane is produced by distillation from petroleum or natural gas.

E943b Iso-butane has a faint odor.
Like butane (E943a), E943b Iso-butane is used as a propellant in vegetable oils for spraying (professional use only) and in aqueous aerosol emulsions.
E943b Iso-butane is also used as a refrigerant in refrigerators and as a combustion gas in lighters and camping stoves.

Assessment bodies have not established an acceptable daily intake (ADI).
They consider that E943b Iso-butane, in its current use, does not end up in food.
Therefore, E943b Iso-butane is not truly considered a food additive!
E943b Iso-butane, also known by the names Iso-butane, i-Butane, 2-Methylpropane, Methylpropane, E943b, or R600a, for example, is a chemical belonging to the aliphatic hydrocarbons.

E943b Iso-butane is a colourless, pleasant-smelling gas that is abundantly soluble in fats but poorly soluble in water under normal conditions.
E943b Iso-butane is resistant to water, acids and alkalis, is non-toxic and non-corrosive.
E943b Iso-butane's production is usually from crude oil.

E943b Iso-butane finds a wide range of uses in a number of products and industries.
E943b Iso-butane is one of the main components of natural gas and is also often used as a fuel in gas cartridges for cookers or as a propellant for aerosol sprays.

Due to its cooling properties, E943b Iso-butane is also used as a refrigerant in refrigerators and air conditioners, and is often preferred for this purpose due to its low environmental burden.
Another important sector is the food industry, where E943b Iso-butane serves as a food additive with code E943b, a class of additives permitted in the European Union.

E943b Iso-butane's role here is mainly to act as a balloon while preventing foam formation.
E943b Iso-butane, designated as E943b, is a colorless, odorless, and highly flammable hydrocarbon gas.
In the food industry, E943b Iso-butane is primarily used as a propellant in aerosol spray cans, notably for vegetable oil-based cooking sprays and water-based emulsion cooking sprays.

E943b Iso-butane, also recognized in refrigerant markets as R600a and in food applications as E943b, is a liquefied hydrocarbon gas used as a propellant and solvent carrier.
Its low boiling point and clean vaporization profile make E943b Iso-butane a practical choice where residue-free delivery or efficient heat transfer is required across multiple industrial sectors.

USES and APPLICATIONS of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
Uses of E943b Iso-butane: Spray-on pan coatings
Other Uses of E943b Iso-butane: Cosmetic spray, refrigeration
E943b Iso-butane is an approved food additive used as a propellant gas in food products.

E943b Iso-butane is commonly found in spray cans and is considered safe when used as intended.
In the food industry, E943b Iso-butane is mainly used as a propellant gas in aerosol products.
Because of its volatility and efficient pressure characteristics, E943b Iso-butane is commonly used in spray systems and packaging technologies.

E943b Iso-butane is also widely used in refrigeration systems due to its good thermodynamic performance and relatively low environmental impact compared with some synthetic refrigerants.
E943b Iso-butane is valued for its rapid evaporation, low toxicity under controlled conditions, and effective pressurizing properties.
However, because E943b Iso-butane is extremely flammable, careful handling and storage procedures are required.

E943b Iso-butane is a food additive with propellant gas role, used in the food industry for professional oil sprays for pan greasing.
E943b Iso-butane has no effect on food.
E943b Iso-butane is the principal feedstock in alkylation units of refineries.

Using E943b Iso-butane, gasoline-grade "blendstocks" are generated with high branching for good combustion characteristics.
Typical products created with E943b Iso-butane are 2,4-dimethylpentane and especially 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Typical applications of E943b Iso-butane include: Whipped cream in spray cans, Cooking spray oils and pan release sprays, Other sprayable food products.

E943b Iso-butane is widely used in the food industry as a propellant gas for aerosol food products and specialized spray systems.
Its ability to vaporize rapidly and maintain stable pressure makes E943b Iso-butane useful in food-grade aerosol applications where controlled dispensing is required.

E943b Iso-butane helps expel products efficiently from containers while leaving minimal residue after evaporation.
One of the most important applications of E943b Iso-butane is in refrigeration technology.
Under the refrigerant designation R-600a, E943b Iso-butane is commonly used in household refrigerators, freezers, beverage cooling systems, and commercial refrigeration equipment.

E943b Iso-butane is valued in these systems because it provides high energy efficiency and relatively low environmental impact compared with many older synthetic refrigerants.
In the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, E943b Iso-butane is frequently used as a propellant in aerosol products such as deodorants, hair sprays, shaving foams, dry shampoos, topical sprays, and personal care products.

E943b Iso-butane allows smooth and fine aerosol dispersion while evaporating quickly after application, helping products feel light and dry on surfaces.
E943b Iso-butane also plays an important role in industrial and petrochemical applications.
E943b Iso-butane is used as a fuel gas, chemical intermediate, calibration gas, and petrochemical feedstock in refinery operations.

In hydrocarbon processing, E943b Iso-butane participates in alkylation and fuel production processes that improve gasoline quality and industrial chemical manufacturing.
In food and aerosol manufacturing, E943b Iso-butane functions as a propellant in spray products, delivering controlled pressure without leaving residue in the final product for consumers.

Refrigeration systems, particularly domestic appliances and light commercial units, use R600a as a natural refrigerant with low global warming potential as a preferred alternative to synthetic HFCs.
In the oil and gas sector, E943b Iso-butane is used as a blending component in alkylation processes to produce high-octane gasoline fractions for the automotive and energy industries.

Aerosol personal care and household product manufacturers also rely on E943b Iso-butane as a solvent carrier to dissolve and uniformly disperse active ingredients in various formulations.
E943b Iso-butane is supplied as a liquefied gas in pressurized cylinders, ISO tanks, and bulk transport vessels.

Refrigerant-grade R600a is available to high purity specifications.
Food-grade supply conforming to E943b Iso-butane specifications is available for aerosol and propellant use in regulated food contact applications and meets necessary safety requirements.

-Solvent uses of E943b Iso-butane:
In the Chevron Phillips slurry process for making high-density polyethylene, E943b Iso-butane is used as a diluent.
As the slurried polyethylene is removed, E943b Iso-butane is "flashed" off, and condensed, and recycled back into the loop reactor for this purpose.

-E943b Iso-butane is a precursor to tert-butyl hydroperoxide:
E943b Iso-butane is oxidized to tert-butyl hydroperoxide, which is subsequently reacted with propylene to yield propylene oxide.
E943b Iso-butane that results as a by-product is typically used to make gasoline additives such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).

-Miscellaneous uses of E943b Iso-butane:
E943b Iso-butane is also used as a propellant for aerosol spray cans.
E943b Iso-butane is used as part of blended fuels, with propane and butane, especially common in fuel canisters used for camping, see Campingaz.

-Use in Food Products
E943b Iso-butane is used as a propellant gas in pressurized containers and spray cans.
E943b Iso-butane's function is to expel the food product from its packaging without being transferred into the food itself or affecting its flavor.

REFRIGERANT USES of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
E943b Iso-butane is used as a refrigerant.
Use in refrigerators started in 1993 when Greenpeace presented the Greenfreeze project with the former East German company Foron.

In this regard, blends of pure, dry "E943b Iso-butane" (R-600a) (that is, E943b Iso-butane mixtures) have negligible ozone depletion potential and very low global warming potential (having a value of 3.3 times the GWP of carbon dioxide) and can serve as a functional replacement for R-12, R-22 (both of these being commonly known by the trademark Freon), R-134a, and other chlorofluorocarbon(CFC) or hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants in conventional stationary refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

As a refrigerant, E943b Iso-butane poses a fire and explosion risk in addition to the hazards associated with non-flammable CFC refrigerants.
Substitution of E943b Iso-butane for motor vehicle air conditioning systems not originally designed for E943b Iso-butane is widely prohibited or discouraged.

Vendors and advocates of hydrocarbon refrigerants argue against such bans on the grounds that there have been very few such incidents relative to the number of vehicle air conditioning systems filled with hydrocarbons.
A leak of E943b Iso-butane in the refrigerant system of a fridge initiated the 2024 Valencia residential complex fire in Spain, which killed 10 and injured 15 people.

NOMENCLATURE of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
The traditional name E943b Iso-butane was still retained in the 1993 IUPAC recommendations, but is no longer recommended according to the 2013 recommendations.
Since the longest continuous chain in E943b Iso-butane contains only three carbon atoms, the preferred IUPAC name is 2-methylpropane but the locant (2-) is typically omitted in general nomenclature as redundant; C2 is the only position on a propane chain where a methyl substituent can be located without altering the main chain and forming the constitutional isomer n-butane.

CHARACTERISTICS OF E943B ISO-BUTANE
E943b Iso-butane is characterized by its high volatility, low boiling point, and excellent pressurizing capability.
Because E943b Iso-butane vaporizes rapidly at room temperature, it is highly effective in aerosol systems and refrigeration technologies.
E943b Iso-butane is easily compressed into liquid form, which allows efficient storage and transportation in pressurized containers.
Its branched molecular structure gives it slightly different physical behavior compared with normal butane, particularly in refrigeration and fuel applications.

One of the major characteristics of E943b Iso-butane is its relatively low environmental impact compared with many synthetic refrigerants.
E943b Iso-butane has very low ozone depletion potential and lower global warming potential than several fluorinated gases.
Despite these advantages, E943b Iso-butane remains highly flammable and forms explosive mixtures with air, requiring strict safety precautions during handling and use.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
E943b Iso-butane is a saturated hydrocarbon (alkane) with the chemical formula C₄H₁₀.
E943b Iso-butane is an isomer of n-butane (E943a) and is also widely used in technical applications as a refrigerant and propellant.
Only highly purified E943b Iso-butane is used as a food additive.

BENEFITS OF E943B ISO-BUTANE
E943b Iso-butane offers several important industrial and commercial advantages.
One of its primary benefits is E943b Iso-butane's excellent propellant efficiency, allowing smooth and consistent aerosol performance.
E943b Iso-butane's rapid evaporation leaves very little residue and helps maintain product quality.

In refrigeration systems, E943b Iso-butane provides high energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact compared with many older refrigerants.
E943b Iso-butane has nearly zero ozone depletion potential and relatively low global warming potential.
E943b Iso-butane is also economical, widely available, and easy to liquefy for storage and transport.
Its low toxicity under controlled conditions makes E943b Iso-butane suitable for many regulated industrial and food-related applications.

Another benefit is its versatility.
E943b Iso-butane can function as a refrigerant, propellant, fuel, and chemical intermediate across multiple industries.
E943b Iso-butane's physical properties allow effective use in both small-scale consumer products and large industrial systems.

PRODUCTION of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
E943b Iso-butane is obtained by isomerization of butane.

PURPOSE of E943b ISO-BUTANE IN PRODUCTS
Propellant in Cooking Sprays: 
E943b Iso-butane is utilized to expel the contents of aerosol cans, such as cooking oils, ensuring a fine mist application that prevents food from sticking to cookware.

COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER ADDITIVES of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
As a propellant, E943b Iso-butane is compatible with various substances used in aerosol formulations, including emulsifiers and stabilizers present in cooking sprays.

NATURAL OCCURRENCE of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
E943b Iso-butane is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon found in natural gas and crude oil.
For industrial purposes, E943b Iso-butane is separated from natural gas or refined from petroleum.

ALTERNATIVES AND SUBSTITUTES of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
Other gases used as propellants in the food industry include:
• Butane (E943a): 
An isomer of E943b Iso-butane, also used as a propellant in aerosol sprays.
• Propane (E944): 
Another hydrocarbon gas employed as a propellant in similar applications.

NOMENCLATURE of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
E943b Iso-butane is the trivial name retained by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.
Methylpropane is the systematic name of E943b Iso-butane.
The substituent number (2-) is unnecessary because there is no isomer of this molecule with methylpropane as part of its name.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
Chemical formula: C4H10
Molar mass: 58.124 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless gas
Odor: Odorless
Density:
2.51 kg/m3 (at 15 °C, 100 kPa)
563 kg/m3 (at 15 °C, boiling liquid)
Melting point: −159.42 °C (−254.96 °F; 113.73 K)
Boiling point: −11.78 °C (10.80 °F; 261.37 K)
Solubility in water: 48.9 mg⋅L−1 (at 25 °C (77 °F))
Vapor pressure: 3.1 atm (310 kPa) (at 21 °C (294 K; 70 °F))

Henry's law constant (kH): 8.6 nmol⋅Pa−1⋅kg−1
Conjugate acid: Isobutanium
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −51.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C): 96.65 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298): −134.8 – −133.6 kJ⋅mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −2.86959 – −2.86841 MJ⋅mol−1
Product Name: E943b Iso-Butane

Common Name: Iso-Butane
E Number: E943b
EC Number: 200-857-2
CAS Number: 75-28-5
Molecular Formula: C₄H₁₀
Molecular Weight: 58.12 g/mol
Chemical Type: Branched alkane hydrocarbon
Appearance: Colorless gas
Odor: Faint petroleum-like odor
Physical State: Compressed liquefied gas

Physical State: Gas
Appearance: Colorless
Odor: Slight petroleum-like odor
Molecular Formula: C₄H₁₀
Molecular Weight: 58.12 g/mol
Density: Approximately 2.51 kg/m³
Boiling Point: −11.7 °C
Melting Point: −159.6 °C
Water Solubility: Very slightly soluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in ether, chloroform, alcohol
Vapor Pressure: High

Relative Vapor Density: Heavier than air
Flammability: Extremely flammable
Flash Point: Approximately −83 °C
Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 460 °C
Explosion Limits in Air: About 1.8–8.4%
Compressibility: Easily liquefied under pressure
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents
Evaporation Rate: Very rapid
pH: Neutral

Oxidizing Properties: None
Hygroscopicity: Non-hygroscopic
Surface Tension: Low
Thermal Conductivity: Low
Environmental Persistence: Low atmospheric persistence
Melting Point: -138.3 °C
Boiling Point: -11.7 °C
Density: 0.61415 g/cm³ @ Temp: -29.5 °C
Flash Point: -83 °C

Appearance: colourless odourless gas (or colourless cryogenic liquid)
Color: Colorless, very flammable gas with a faint odor
Form: Colorless gas
Water Solubility: 48.9 mg/kg at 25 °C (shake flask-GC, McAuliffe, 1963, 1966)
Vapor Pressure: 72.2 psi ( 37.7 °C)
Refractive Index: 1.3518
Log P: 2.760
Molecular Weight: 58.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 0

Exact Mass: 58.078250319 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 58.078250319 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 4.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

FIRST AID MEASURES of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of E943b ISO-BUTANE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available