ETHOXYQUIN

ETHOXYQUIN = SANTOQUIN

CAS Number: 91-53-2 
EC Number: 202-075-7
MDL Number: MFCD00023883
Related CAS Number: 63301-91-7
Chemical formula: C14H19NO

Ethoxyquin (EMQ) is a quinoline-based antioxidant used as a food preservative in certain countries and originally to control scald on pears after harvest. 
Ethoxyquin was developed by Monsanto in the 1950s. 
Ethoxyquin was initially registered as a pesticide in 1965 as an antioxidant used as a deterrent of scald in pears through post-harvest indoor application via a drench and/or impregnated wrap.

Ethoxyquin is a synthetic antioxidant that is included in some animal and human foods as a preservative to protect fats and fat-soluble vitamins from oxidative degradation.
Ethoxyquin is a clear light yellow to dark brown viscous liquid. 
Discolors and stains badly. 
Mercaptan-like odor.

Ethoxyquin (E324) is a synthetic antioxidant that is used primarily in animal feed (such as aquaculture and pet food). 
Ethoxyquin is an antioxidant that protects and maintains the quality of the omega-3 fatty acids in fish meal, particularly during transport and storage.
Ethoxyquin is a synthetic antioxidant (artificially manufactured from other elements) that is approved for different uses.

Yellow liquid.
Light yellow to dark brown viscous liquid with an odor like mercaptans
Darkened by light and air
Formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate and an impregnated wrap
Dark brown liquid

Ethoxyquin (1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) is an aromatic from the group of quinolines. 
Ethoxyquin is a synthetic antioxidant that is included in some pet foods as a preservative to protect fats and fat-soluble vitamins from turning rancid.
Ethoxyquin, also known as e 324, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroquinolones. 
Hydroquinolones are compounds containing a hydrogenated quinoline bearing a ketone group. 

Ethoxyquin has the unique property of being able to dissolve in both aqueous- and oil phases, depending on pH.
A quinoline that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline bearing three methyl substituents at position 2, 2 and 4 as well as an ethoxy substituent at position 6.
Ethoxyquin is a Antioxidant that delays the oxidation of lipophilic Vitamins (Carotine, Xanthophylle, Vitamin A und Vitamin E).

USES and APPLICATIONS of ETHOXYQUIN:
-Ethoxyquin is used as a preservative in some pet foods to slow the development of rancidity of fats. 
-Ethoxyquin is also used in some spices to prevent color loss due to oxidation of the natural carotenoid pigments.
-As an antioxidant to control the browning of pears, ethoxyquin is approved in the United States and in the European Union.
-In the United States, Ethoxyquin is approved for use as an animal feed additive. 

-Ethoxyquin is allowed in the fishing industry in Norway and France as a feed stabilizer, so is commonly used in food pellets fed to farmed salmon.
-Ethoxyquin is used in pellets fed to chickens on chicken farms.
-Without the inclusion of antioxidants in pet foods, oxidative processes lead to rancidity of the food. 
Rancid fat is offensive in odor and flavor and includes compounds that are toxic when consumed. 
The inclusion of antioxidants in commercial pet foods ensures the food’s safety, nutritional integrity, and flavor. 

-Ethoxyquin is used to prevent spontaneous combustion of fish meal during transportation by sea.
-Specific to the omega-3 industry, some krill meals and crude fish oils for animal feed are preserved using ethoxyquin. 
-Ethoxyquin effectively helps to reduce the risk of combustion in products such as krill or fish that are not kept frozen.
-Ethoxyquin (EQ, 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) is widely used in animal feed in order to protect it against lipid peroxidation.

-Ethoxyquin is added to an animal feed either directly or indirectly as a component of an ingredient.
-Ethoxyquin was often used as a feed additive to protect unsaturated fatty acids against oxidation.
-Ethoxyquin remains stable at the high temperatures required to process dog foods during extrusion. 
Ethoxyquin is important in protecting fats and oils from degrading, losing available calories, and becoming rancid.
-Dog-food manufacturers have been using ethoxyquin to prevent rancidity and to maintain the nutritional quality of their products for more than 35 years.

-Ethoxyquin (EQ) is a synthetic antioxidant that is often added to fish meal to prevent it from exploding during transport by sea and storage.
-Feed containing fish meal therefore also could contain ethoxyquin. 
Ethoxyquin is transferred from the feed to the fish fillet, but there Ethoxyquin is quickly transformed into other compounds.
-The antioxidant ethoxyquin (eq) is one of a number of legally permitted additives that are added to the fish-meal used in fish feed in order to prevent it from becoming rancid. 

-Ethoxyquin is required to be added to fish-meal in order to prevent it from exploding during sea transport and storage.
-Ethoxyquin may be used as a plant pesticide and as an animal feed additive. 
-A fungicide used to control scald and other diseases, post-harvest in top fruit normally used in enclosed areas.
-Used as an additive to animal feed.
-Used as an antioxidant for food and feed and as anti-degradation agent for rubber.

-Also used as a post-harvest dip for apples and pears.
-Registered in the US as an antioxidant for the control of post-harvest scald (browning) in pears.
-Also registered with the FDA as a preservative for animal feed, dehydrated crops, sorghum, and for color preservation in chili powder, paprika, and ground chili.

-Ethoxyquin is a quinolone-based food preservative and pesticide that is commonly used in animal feeds. 
-Ethoxyquin exhibits antioxidative activity and also inhibits HSP90.
-Ethoxyquin is a quinoline-based antioxidant used as a food preservative and a pesticide.
-Ethoxyquin is commonly used as a preservative in pet foods to prevent the rancidification of fats. 

-Ethoxyquin is a feed additive that is often added to fishmeal. 
The anti-oxidative properties prevent the contained fats from becoming "rancid" and increase safety during storage and transport. 
-Developed in the early 1920s, Ethoxyquin prevented tires, which were still mostly made of natural rubber, from becoming brittle due to oxidation in tire production. 

-In the 1950s, Ethoxyquin was also used in animal feed production to prevent the natural autoxidation of fats (e.g. monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids) and vitamins (e.g. carotenoids), so-called rancidity.
-Ethoxyquin finds application in pet food preservatives, poultry, aquaculture, spice color preservatives, pesticides, and others. 
-Ethoxyquin is commonly used in some spices to prevent color loss caused by the oxidation of the naturally present carotenoid pigments. 

-Fishmeal: 
As a Preservative for fishmeal that is intended for use in animal feeds, use ethoxyquin dry at a level of 600 to 1500 ppm, depending on the oil content of the fish. 
The fishmeal must show the ethoxyquin concentration.

-Animal Feed: 
Ethoxyquin, a chemical preservative, is used for retarding oxidative destruction of carotene, xanthophylls and vitamins A and E in animal feeds. 
Ethoxyquin is also used to help prevent the development of organic peroxides in canned pet foods.

-Ethoxyquin is a yellow to brown liquid antioxidant that is very effective in protecting fish meal and fish feeds from oxidation and is used widely in the global fish industry. 
-Ethoxyquin 66% powder is ethoxyquin that has been absorbed onto a carrier that can be used as an antioxidant in raw materials and finished product in the animal feed industry.

-Ethoxyquin has been widely used as an antioxidant in the animal feed sector for decades, primarily to inhibit the oxidation of highly unsaturated fatty acids in fishmeal and fish silage.
-Ethoxyquin (EMQ) is a quinoline-based antioxidant used as a food preservative in certain countries and originally to control scald on pears after harvest.
-Ethoxyquin is used as a preservative in some pet foods to slow the development of rancidity of fats. 
-Ethoxyquin is also used in some spices to prevent color loss due to oxidation of the natural carotenoid pigments.

-Ethoxyquin was widely used for the preservation of fishmeal (especially feed for fish farms). 
Prior to Ethoxyquin's ban as a plant protection product, ethoxyquin was also used as a post-harvest treatment against tan in apples and pears.
-Ethoxyquin is used as a preservative in some pet foods to slow the development of rancidity of fats. 
-Ethoxyquin is also used in some spices to prevent color loss due to oxidation of the natural carotenoid pigments.

COMPOUND TYPE of ETHOXYQUIN:
*Amine
*Ether
*Metabolite
*Organic Compound
*Synthetic Compound

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of ETHOXYQUIN:
*Hydroquinolines 
*Secondary alkylarylamines 
*Alkyl aryl ethers 
*Benzenoids 
*Azacyclic compounds 
*Organopnictogen compounds 
*Hydrocarbon derivatives 

SUBSTITUENTS of ETHOXYQUIN:
*Dihydroquinolone
*Dihydroquinoline
*Alkyl aryl ether
*Secondary aliphatic/aromatic amine
*Benzenoid
*Azacycle
*Secondary amine
*Ether
*Amine
*Organooxygen compound
*Organonitrogen compound
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic nitrogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organopnictogen compound
*Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ETHOXYQUIN:
Molar mass: 217.312 g·mol−1
Melting point: < 25 °C (77 °F; 298 K)
Boiling point: 123–125 °C (253–257 °F; 396–398 K) at 2 mmHg
Min. Purity Spec: 95% (HPLC)
Spectra: NMR, HPLC
Physical Form (at 20°C): Yellow to brown clear liquid
Boiling Point: 161°C (12mmHg)
Flash Point: 137°C

Density: 1.032-1.035
Refractive Index: 1.5720-1.5750
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place
Physical State: Yellow to brown clear liquid
Molecular Formula: C14H19NO
Molecular Weight: 217.31
Odor: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Boiling Point Range: 161°C (12mmHg)

Freezing/Melting Point: Not available.
Flash Point: 137°C
Evaporation Rate: Not available.
Explosive limits: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Vapor Density: Not available.
Solubility: Not available.
Relative Density: 1.032-1.035

Refractive Index: 1.5720-1.5750
Volatility: Not available.
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: Not available.
Partition Coefficient: Not available.
Color/Form: Yellow Liquid
Physical State: Liquid
Solubility: Soluble in acetone, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform. Insoluble in water.
Storage: Store at room temperature
Melting Point: <0° C

Boiling Point: 161° C (lit.) at 12 mmHg
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 20° C (lit.)
Refractive Index: n20D 1.57
pK Values: pKb: 5.02 (Predicted)
Boiling Point: 332.00 to 333.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000140 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 280.00 °F. TCC ( 137.80 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 4.105 (est)
Soluble in: water, 17.46 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

FIRST AID MEASURES of ETHOXYQUIN:
-General Information: 
Consult a physician and show this safety data sheet.

-Inhalation: 
Move person to fresh air. 
Obtain medical aid.

-Skin contact: 
Wash clothing before reuse. 
Obtain medical aid immediately.

-Eye contact: 
Immediately flush open eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. 
Obtain medical aid immediately.

Ingestion: 
Do NOT induce vomiting without medical advice. 
Rinse mouth with water. 
Never administer anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Obtain medical aid immediately.

-Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed: 
No further information available. 

-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed: 
No further information available.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ETHOXYQUIN:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: 
Wear protective equipment and keep unprotected personnel away. 
Ensure adequate ventilation. 
Prevent further leak or spill if safe to do so. 

-Environmental precautions: 
Do not let product enter drains, other waterways, or soil.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: 
Prevent further leak or spill if safe to do so. 
Vacuum, sweep up, or absorb with inert material and place into a suitable disposal container.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ETHOXYQUIN:
-Suitable extinguishing media: 
Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or chemical foam.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ETHOXYQUIN:
-Appropriate engineering controls: 
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. 
Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product. 
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash fountain. 

-Personal protection
*Eyes: use safety glasses or goggles with side protection. 
A face shield may be appropriate in some workplaces. 

*Skin and body: 
At the minimum, wear a laboratory coat and close-toed footwear.

HANDLING and STORAGE of ETHOXYQUIN:
-Precautions for safe handling:  
Wash hands thoroughly after handling. 
Use only with adequate ventilation. 
Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. 
Open and handle container with care. 
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling.

-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: 
Store in a tightly-closed container when not in use. 
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ETHOXYQUIN:
-Reactivity: Not available.
-Chemical stability: Stable under recommended temperatures and pressures.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions: Not available.

SYNONYMS:    
1,2-Dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline
6-Ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline
6-Ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline
1,2-Dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxyquinoline
2,2,4-Trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline 
6-(ethyloxy)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline    
6-Ethoxy-1, 2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline    
6-Ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline    
Santoquin
Santoquine
Ethoxyquine
6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1H-quinoline
EMQ
Santoflex
Santoflex a
Santoflex aw
Niflex
Antioxidant ec
Stop-scald
(-)-Lobeline    
(-)-lobeline