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Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a four carbon dimer of ethylene glycol.
CAS Number: 112-27-6
Molecular Formula: C6H14O4
Molecular Weight: 150.17
EINECS Number: 203-953-2
Synonyms: TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL, 112-27-6, Triglycol, 2,2'-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol, 2,2'-Ethylenedioxydiethanol, Trigen, Triethylenglykol, 2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol, Triethyleneglycol, 1,2-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane, 2,2'-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanol, Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether, 3,6-Dioxaoctane-1,8-diol, 2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol, Di-beta-hydroxyethoxyethane, Triethylene glcol, Glycol bis(hydroxyethyl) ether, Trigol, 2,2'-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)]diethanol, Caswell No. 888, Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-, Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether, TEG, Bis(2-hydroxyethoxyethane), Ethanol, 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)di-, 2,2'-(1,2-Ethanediylbis(oxy))bisethanol, NSC 60758, HSDB 898, Ethylene glycol-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl ether), 119438-10-7, EINECS 203-953-2, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 083501, BRN 0969357, CCRIS 8926, 2-[2-(2-HYDROXY-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY]-ETHANOL, DTXSID4021393, UNII-3P5SU53360, CHEBI:44926, AI3-01453, NSC-60758, MACROGOL 150, 3P5SU53360, PEG-3, 3,6-Dioxa-1,8-octanediol, Di-.beta.-hydroxyethoxyethane, DTXCID601393, Ethanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis-, EC 203-953-2, 4-01-00-02400 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NCGC00163798-03, 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol, 103734-98-1, 122784-99-0, 137800-98-7, 145112-98-7, 2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(ethan-1-ol), TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS), TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS], Triethylenglykol [Czech], MFCD00081839, 2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol, CAS-112-27-6, 2-(2-(2-HYDROXY-ETHOXY)-ETHOXY)-ETHANOL, OH-PEG3-OH, Trigenos, triethylenglycol, triethylene-glycol, Triethyleneglycol, Tri-ethylene glycol, 3,8-diol, TEG (GLYCOL), Triethylene glycol, puriss., SCHEMBL14929, WLN: Q2O2O2Q, AMY375, Ethanol,2'-(ethylenedioxy)di-, TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL [MI], CHEMBL1235259, 1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctane, TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB], TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIMALEATE, NSC60758, STR02345, TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL [WHO-DD], Tox21_112073, Tox21_202440, Tox21_300306, MFCD00002880, MFCD01779596, MFCD01779599, MFCD01779601, MFCD01779603, MFCD01779605, MFCD01779609, MFCD01779611, MFCD01779612, MFCD01779614, MFCD01779615, MFCD01779616, STL282716, 2,2'-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanol, AKOS000120013, CS-W018156, DB02327, HY-W017440, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 083501, NCGC00163798-01, NCGC00163798-02, NCGC00163798-04, NCGC00163798-05, NCGC00163798-06, NCGC00254097-01, NCGC00259989-01, 1,2-DI(BETA-HYDROXYETHOXY)ETHANE, 2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol #, BP-21036, Triethylene glycol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, Ethanol,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-, FT-0652416, FT-0659862, NS00002182, T0428, EN300-19916, 2,2'-(1,2-Ethanediyl bis (oxy))-bisethanol, F71165, ETHYLENE GLYCOL-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER, Triethylene glycol, SAJ first grade, >=96.0%, ETHYLENE GLYCOL-BIS-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER, Q420630, SR-01000944720, Triethylene glycol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, J-506706, SR-01000944720-1, ETHANOL, 2,2'-(1,2-ETHANEDIYLBIS (OXY))BIS-, F0001-0256, Triethylene glycol, BioUltra, anhydrous, >=99.0% (GC), Z104476078, InChI=1/C6H14O4/c7-1-3-9-5-6-10-4-2-8/h7-8H,1-6H, Triethylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a widely used solvent.
It can be a normal ingredient in various consumer products, and it can be a contaminant.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether has also been misused to sweeten wine and beer, and to viscosify oral and topical pharmaceutical products.
Its use has resulted in many epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is also used in air conditioning systems designed to dehumidify air.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is viscous liquid.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether's molecular formula is HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, aldehydes; slightly soluble in diethyl ether.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is insoluble in oil, fat and most hydrocarbons.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is prepared commercially as a co-product of the oxidation of ethylene at high temperature in the presence of silver oxide catalyst, followed by hydration of ethylene oxide to yield mono(one)-, di(two)-, tri(three)- and tetraethylene glycols.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a ether-alcohol derivative.
The ether being relatively unreactive. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether, TEG, or triglycol is a colorless odorless viscous liquid with molecular formula HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is also used in air sanitizer products, such as "Oust" or "Clean and Pure".
When aerosolized Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether acts as a disinfectant.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ethers are also used as liquid desiccants for natural gas and in air conditioning systems.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids and is used as a base for "smoke machine" fluid in the entertainment industry.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is highly soluble in water and various organic solvents.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a solvent in various industrial applications.
Commonly used as a humectant, which helps to retain moisture.
Utilized in the manufacture of resins, plasticizers, and as a component in hydraulic fluids.
Employed in the formulation of antifreeze and de-icing solutions.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether should be handled with care, as prolonged exposure can cause skin and eye irritation.
Proper protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, is recommended when handling this compound.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is insoluble in oil, fat and most hydrocarbons.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether may also be used to dehydrate other gases, including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a dehydrating agent for natural gas pipelines where it removes the water from the gas before being condensed.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is miscible with water, and at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa) has a boiling point of 286.5°C and a freezing point of −7 °C.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, aldehydes .
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slight odor.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used by the oil and gas industry to "dehydrate" natural gas.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers as well as in the manufacture of air sanitizer and other consumer products.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the manufacture of a host of consumer products that include anti-freeze, automotive care products, building and construction materials, cleaning and furnishing care products, fabric, textile, and leather products, fuels and related products, lubricants and greases, paints and coatings, personal care products, and plastic and rubber products.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers as well as in the manufacture of air sanitizer and other consumer products.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a plasticizer
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a disinfectant.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is slightly soluble in diethyl ether, and insoluble in oil, fat, and most hydrocarbons.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether plays as an important role in anti-freeze and de-icing products, cleaning and furnishing care products, lubricant and greases.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is dense than water.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is relatively stable under normal conditions but can react with strong oxidizing agents.
Decomposition: When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes, including carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Due to its high boiling point and ability to lower the freezing point of water, it is widely used in antifreeze formulations.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether serves as a base fluid in hydraulic systems due to its stability and lubricating properties.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used to increase the flexibility and durability of plastics.
Utilized in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and paint industries as a solvent for various compounds.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is considered biodegradable and is broken down by microorganisms in the environment.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether has low acute toxicity, but ingestion or inhalation in large quantities can be harmful.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether poses a low risk to aquatic life at typical environmental concentrations but can contribute to water pollution if released in large amounts.
Comprehensive safety data is provided in SDS documents, which outline proper handling, storage, and emergency measures.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is regulated under various chemical safety laws, and its use must comply with local, national, and international regulations.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers.
Appropriate ventilation should be provided to avoid inhaling vapors.
Containers should be tightly closed and handled with care to prevent spills.
Various registry numbers and identifiers are associated with this compound, including EC Number 203-953-2 and multiple reference codes in chemical databases.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is sold under different trade names depending on the application and manufacturer.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether consists of two ethylene glycol units linked by an ether oxygen, resulting in a molecule with two hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a clear, colorless, viscous, stable liquid with a slightly sweetish odor.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether soluble in water; immiscible with benzene, toluene, and gasoline.
Because Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether has two ether and two hydroxyl groups its chemical properties are closety related to ethers and primary alcohols.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a good solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose, steam-set printing inks and wood stains.
With a low vapor pressure and a high boiling point, its uses and properties are similar to those of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol.
Because Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is an efficient hygroscopic agent it serves as a liquid desiccant for removing water from natural gas.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether has a role as a plasticiser.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a poly(ethylene glycol), a diol and a primary alcohol.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor and is denser than water.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a member of a series of dihydroxyalcohols. TEG's primary applications are derived from its ability to absorb moisture.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is utilized as a dehydrating agent in natural gas pipelines to eliminate water from the gas before reusing it in the system.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether also has mild disinfectant qualities and, when volatised, is used as an air disinfectant for virus and bacteria control.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether was used to linker to form conjugates of:manganese-doped zinc sulfide nanoparticles with folic acid[1] and dimeric neomycin-neomycin.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether groups of the l-GMA particles were reacted with EDEA to produce large amine-functionalized particles (l-NH2).
Polycondensation of guanidine hydrochloride and 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) has been used to measure biocides released into the environmental water samples.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether has a role as a plasticiser.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a poly(ethylene glycol), a diol and a primary alcohol.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a natural product found in Solanum lycopersicum with data available.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a colorless odorless viscous liquid
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether's molecular formula HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids and is used as a base for "smoke machine" fluid in the entertainment industry.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether or triglycol is a colorless.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is odorless.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is produced by the partial hydrolysis of ethylene oxide.
Depending on the conditions, varying amounts of DEG and related glycols are produced.
The resulting product is two ethylene glycol molecules joined by an ether bond.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl etherl is derived as a co-product with ethylene glycol (MEG) and triethylene glycol.
The industry generally operates to maximize MEG production.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is by far the largest volume of the glycol products in a variety of applications.
Availability of DEG will depend on demand for derivatives of the primary product, ethylene glycol, rather than on DEG market requirements.
Melting point: −7 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 125-127 °C0.1 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.124 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 5.2 (vs air)
vapor pressure: <0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.455(lit.)
Flash point: 165 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Viscous Liquid
pka: 14.06±0.10(Predicted)
color: Clear very slightly yellow
PH: 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Odor: Very mild, sweet.
explosive limit 0.9-9.2%(V)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.06
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.03
Merck: 14,9670
BRN: 969357
Dielectric constant: 2.4（25℃）
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.75 at 25℃
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is produced from ethylene (ethene), via the intermediate ethylene oxide.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation:
C2H4O + H2O → HO−CH2CH2−OH
This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under elevated temperatures.
The highest yields of ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of water.
Under these conditions, Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether yields of 90% can be achieved.
The major byproducts are the oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol.
The separation of these oligomers and water is energy-intensive.
A higher selectivity is achieved by the use of Shell's Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether process.
In the Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether process, the ethylene oxide is first converted with carbon dioxide (CO2) to ethylene carbonate.
This ring is then hydrolyzed with a base catalyst in a second step to produce mono-ethylene glycol in 98% selectivity.
The carbon dioxide is released in this step again and can be fed back into the process circuit.
The carbon dioxide comes in part from ethylene oxide production, where a part of the ethylene is completely oxidized.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is produced from carbon monoxide in countries with large coal reserves and less stringent environmental regulations.
The oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl oxalate provides a promising approach to the production of C1-based ethylene glycol.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a dehydrating agent for natural gas processing
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a lubricating and finishing agent for textiles
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a solvent for printing inks and textile dyes
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as an intermediate in the production of some resins, triethylene glycol, surfactants, and diethylenecglycol esters and ethers.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, aldehydes; slightly soluble in diethyl ether.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is insoluble in oil, fat and most hydrocarbons.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H14O4 that is categorized as an alcohol.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is soluble in water.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a hygroscopic liquid alcohol.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a dehydrating agent for natural gas pipelines where it removes the water from the gas before being condensed.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used chiefly as a solvent.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in medicine.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as an air disinfectant.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in natural gas dehydration systems.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers as well as in the manufacture of air sanitizer and other consumer products.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the manufacture of a host of consumer products that include anti-freeze, automotive care products, building and construction materials, cleaning and furnishing care products, fabric, textile, and leather products, fuels and related products, lubricants and greases, paints and coatings, personal care products, and plastic and rubber products.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is widely used as a solvent.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether has a high flash point
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is viscous at room temperature.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the automotive industry as engine coolants, as lubricants for moving parts in cooling systems, as additives in electrolytic polishing belts and as a component for flame resistant hydraulic fluids.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a colorless, liquefied by-product from Diethylene Glycol and Ethylene Oxide production.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a plasticizer for the production of PBT films and for water soluble lubricants for pumps.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids and is used as a base for "smoke machine" fluid in the entertainment industry.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a member of a homologous series of polyethylene glycols.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point.
Apart from its use as a raw material in the manufacture and synthesis of other products, Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is known for its hygroscopic quality and its ability to dehumidify fluids.
This liquid is miscible with water, and at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa) has a boiling point of 286.5 °C and a freezing point of −7 °C.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, aldehydes; slightly soluble in diethyl ether; and insoluble in oil, fat and most hydrocarbons.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used by the oil and gas industry to "dehydrate" natural gas.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether may also be used to dehydrate other gases, including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether has a role as a plasticiser.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a poly(ethylene glycol)
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a diol and a primary alcohol.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a natural product found in Solanum lycopersicum with data available.
The main uses for Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether are based upon its hygroscopic quality.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether can absorb moisture from the air through absorption or adsorption.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a dehydrating agent for natural gas pipelines where it removes the water from the gas before being condensed.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxy alcohols.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with high viscosity and a high boiling point.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is miscible with water, and at standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa) has a boiling point of 286.5 °C and a freezing point of −7 °C.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is also soluble in ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, glycerine, pyridine, aldehydes.
Due to its antimicrobial properties, and low odour, Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is commonly used for air disinfection in occupied areas where more aggressive disinfectants cannot be used.
Due to these disinfectant properties and the dehydrating properties, Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is an ideal dehumidifying agent in air-conditioning units.
At first, scientists thought that Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether was converted in the liver to ethylene glycol, which is poisonous because of the metabolic production of glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, and ultimately oxalic acid.
The major cause of ethylene glycol toxicity is the accumulation of glycolic acid in the body, but accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys can also lead to acute kidney failure.
In the case of DEG, calcium oxalate crystal are not deposited in the kidneys, implying that ethylene glycol is not on the DEG metabolic pathway.
Rat models suggest that Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is metabolized in the liver by enzyme NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to a hydrogen ion, NADH, and 2-hydroxyethoxyacetaldehyde (C4H8O3).
Shortly after that, 2-hydroxyethoxyacetaldehyde (C4H8O3) is metabolized by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) to the weak acid 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (HEAA), chemical formula C4H8O4.
Later, HEAA leaves the liver through the bloodstream, being partially filtered in the kidneys for elimination.
Uses Of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether:
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethanes, and plasticizers.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a building block in organic synthesis of, for example, morpholine and 1,4-dioxane.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a solvent for nitrocellulose, resins, dyes, oils, and other organic compounds.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a humectant for tobacco, cork, printing ink, and glue.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is also a component of brake fluid, lubricants, wallpaper strippers, artificial fog and haze solutions, and heating/cooking fuel.
In personal care products (e.g. skin cream and lotions and deodorants), Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is often replaced by selected diethylene glycol ethers.
A dilute solution of diethylene glycol can also be used as a cryoprotectant; however, Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is much more commonly used.
Most types of ethylene glycol antifreeze contain a few percent of diethylene glycol, present as a by-product of ethylene glycol production.
In various plastics to increase pliability; in air disinfection.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is a solvent prepared from ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol.
To prepare fatty acid gelators, which are used to gelate various edible and vegetable oils.
As a solvent to prepare superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in situ protein purification.
As an absorbent agent in the subsea natural gas dehydration process.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a plasticizer, as an additive for hydraulic fluids and brake fluids, and as a disinfectant.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is an active component of certain pigments, printing dyes, inks and paste.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether finds application as a liquid desiccant and used in the dehydration of natural gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and air conditioning systems.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether plays as an important role in anti-freeze and de-icing products, cleaning and furnishing care products, lubricant and greases.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the following products: inks and toners, coating products, heat transfer fluids, lubricants and greases and hydraulic fluids.
Other release to the environment of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Release to the environment of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.
Other release to the environment of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the following products: inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes, hydraulic fluids, washing & cleaning products, coating products, non-metal-surface treatment products and polymers.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, chemicals, machinery and vehicles, food products, textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products and rubber products.
Other release to the environment of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the following products: inks and toners, washing & cleaning products, non-metal-surface treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Release to the environment of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the following products: inks and toners, coating products, polymers, washing & cleaning products, heat transfer fluids, fuels and extraction agents.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the following areas: mining, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and printing and recorded media reproduction.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release, for thermoplastic manufacture and in the production of articles.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used by the oil and gas industry to "dehydrate" natural gas.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether may also be used to dehydrate other gases, including CO2, H2S, and other oxygenated gases.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is necessary to dry natural gas to a certain point, as humidity in natural gas can cause pipelines to freeze, and create other problems for end users of the natural gas.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is placed into contact with natural gas, and strips the water out of the gas.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is heated to a high temperature and put through a condensing system, which removes the water as waste and reclaims the TEG for continuous reuse within the system.
The waste Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether produced by this process has been found to contain enough benzene to be classified as hazardous waste.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is well established as a relatively mild disinfectant toward a variety of bacteria, influenza A viruses and spores of Penicillium notatum fungi.
However, its exceptionally low toxicity, broad materials compatibility, and low odor combined with its antimicrobial properties indicates that it approaches the ideal for air disinfection purposes in occupied spaces.
Much of the scientific work with Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether was done in the 1940s and 1950s, however that work has ably demonstrated the antimicrobial activity against airborne, solution suspension, and surface bound microbes.
The ability of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether to inactivate Streptococcus pneumoniae (original citation: pneumococcus Type I), Streptococcus pyogenes (original citation: Beta hemolytic streptococcus group A) and Influenza A virus in the air was first reported in 1943.
Since the first report the following microorganisms have been reported in the literature to be inactivated in the air: Penicillium notatum spores, Chlamydophila psittaci (original citation: meningopneumonitis virus strain Cal 10 and psittacosis virus strain 6BC), Group C streptococcus, type 1 pneumococcus, Staphylococcus albus, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens Bizio.
Solutions of triethylene glycol are known to be antimicrobial toward suspensions of Penicillium notatum spores Streptococcus pyogenes (original citation: Beta hemolytic streptococcus Group A ), Streptococcus pneumoniae (original citation: pneumococcus Type I), Streptococcus viridans, and Mycobacterium bovis (original citation: tubercle bacilli Ravenel bovine-type).
Further, the inactivation of H1N1 influenza A virus on surfaces has been demonstrated.
The latter investigation suggests that Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether may prove to be a potent weapon against future influenza epidemics and pandemics.
However, at least some viruses, including Pseudomonas phage phi6 become more infectious when treated with triethylene glycol.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of plastics, adhesives, inks, and other chemical formulations.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether effectively dissolves many substances, making it useful in various manufacturing processes.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether helps retain moisture, which is crucial in products like adhesives, tobacco, cosmetics, and personal care items.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a plasticizer in the production of plastics, helping to make them more flexible and durable.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemical compounds, including some resins and polyesters.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl etheris used in coolants and heat transfer fluids due to its high boiling point and ability to lower the freezing point of water.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is widely used to remove water from natural gas and other gases.
Its hygroscopic properties allow it to absorb water, preventing the formation of hydrates and corrosion in pipelines.
Due to its ability to lower the freezing point of water, Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in antifreeze formulations for engines and cooling systems.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is also used in de-icing solutions for aircraft, runways, and roads.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a solvent in the production of various pharmaceuticals, including certain types of ointments and creams.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether serves as a humectant and solvent in cosmetic products, such as lotions, creams, and shampoos.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether has antimicrobial properties and is used in air sanitizers and surface disinfectants.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is included in formulations of various cleaning agents due to its solvent properties.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used as a reactant in the production of polyester resins, which are then used to make fiberglass-reinforced products and other materials.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in the production of polyurethane foams, which are used in insulation, cushioning, and packaging materials.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used to maintain moisture levels in textile processing, improving the handling and processing of fibers.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl etheris also used in the leather industry to maintain the flexibility and durability of leather products.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in fog machines for theatrical effects, creating dense, long-lasting fog.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is used in some lubricants and hydraulic fluids due to its stability and lubricating properties.
Toxicology Of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether:
Despite the discovery of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether's toxicity in 1937 and its involvement in mass poisonings around the world, the information available regarding human toxicity is limited.
Some authors suggest that the minimum toxic dose is 0.14 mg/kg body weight and the lethal dose between 1.0 and 1.63 g/kg.
Some suggest that the LD50 in adults is about 1 mL/kg, while others suggest that that is the LD30.
Because of its adverse effects in humans, Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether is not allowed to be used in foods and drugs (in many countries).
The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations allows no more than 0.2% of diethylene glycol in polyethylene glycol when the latter is used as a food additive.
The Government of Australia does not allow Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether as a food additive, because of its toxicity; it is only allowed at less than 0.25% w/w of DEG as an impurity in polyethylene glycol (PEG), even in toothpaste.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether has "moderate to low" acute toxicity in animal experiments.
The LD50 for small mammals is between 2 and 25 g/kg, less toxic than its relative ethylene glycol but still capable of causing toxicity in humans (in high concentrations only).
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether appears that diethylene glycol may be more hazardous to humans than implied by oral toxicity data in laboratory animals.
Safety Profile Of Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether:
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether poison by intravenous route.
Mildly toxic to humans by ingestion.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether an eye and skin irritant.
Many glycol ether compounds have dangerous human reproductive effects.
Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. Can react with oxidizing materials.
Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat, flame, or spark.
To fight fire, use alcohol foam, dry chemical.
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
