PRODUCTS

ETHYLENE GLYCOL NBUTYL ETHER

CAS Number: 111-76-2
EC Number: 203-905-0

DESCRIPTION:

Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is an organic compound with the chemical formula BuOC2H4OH (Bu = CH3CH2CH2CH2).
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether has a sweet, ether-like odor, as Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether derives from the family of glycol ethers, and is a butyl ether of ethylene glycol.
As a relatively nonvolatile, inexpensive solvent, Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is used in many domestic and industrial products because of its properties as a surfactant.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a known respiratory irritant and can be acutely toxic, but animal studies did not find Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether to be mutagenic, and no studies suggest Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a human carcinogen.
A study of 13 classroom air contaminants conducted in Portugal reported a statistically significant association with increased rates of nasal obstruction and a positive association below the level of statistical significance with a higher risk of obese asthma and increased child BMI.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a primary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a butoxy group.
A high-boiling (171℃) colourless liquid, Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is used as a solvent for paints and inks, as well as in some dry cleaning solutions.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether has a role as a protic solvent.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a primary alcohol and a glycol ether.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a natural product found in Bidens pilosa and Vitex agnus-castus with data available.
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether appears as a colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is Less dense than water.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether has a Flash point of 160°F.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether Irritates skin and eyes and may be toxic by ingestion.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is Used as a solvent and to make paints and varnish
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is versatile solvent of product obtains by reaction betweeen ethylene oxide and n-Butanol.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is chemically known as a Butyl Glycol, 1-n-Butoxy-2-hydroxyethane, n-butyl (2-hydroxyethyl) ether.

CAS Number: 111-76-2
EC Number: 203-905-0

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL NBUTYL ETHER:

Chemical formula:   C6H14O2
Molar mass:   118.176 g•mol−1
Appearance:   Clear, colorless liquid
Density: 0.90 g/cm3, liquid
Melting point:   −77 °C (−107 °F; 196 K)
Boiling point:   171 °C (340 °F; 444 K)
Solubility in water:   Miscible (and in most organic solvents)
Vapor pressure:   0.8 mmHg[1]
Acidity (pKa):   High pKa for −OH group
Refractive index (nD):   1.4198 (20 °C)[2]
Viscosity:   2.9 cP at 25 °C (77 °F)
Dipole moment: 2.08 D
Flash point:   67 °C (153 °F; 340 K)
Autoignition temperature:   245 °C (473 °F; 518 K)
Explosive limits:   1.1–12.7%

Cas No.:   111-76-2
Appearance:   Clear, bright and free from solid matter
Colour, Platinum-Cobalt:   10.0 Max.
Specific Gravity 20/20 ºC:   0.900 - 0.904
Initial Boiling Point:   167.0 ºC Min.
Dry Point:   173.0ºC Max.
PH of 25% solution in water 25 ± 2 ºC:   6.0 to 7.5
Flash Point (ºC):   61ºC Min
Water Content %:   0.2 Max.
Molecular Weight:   118.11
Acidity % w/w (as Acetic Acid):   0.01 Max.
Viscosity at 20 ºc:   6.4 cps.
Solubility In water:   Soluble

Molecular Weight   118.17
XLogP3:   0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:   1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:   2
Rotatable Bond Count:   5
Exact Mass:   118.099379685
Monoisotopic Mass:   118.099379685
Topological Polar Surface Area:   29.5 Å²
Heavy Atom Count:   8
Formal Charge:   0
Complexity:   37.5
Isotope Atom Count:   0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count:   0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:   0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count:   0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count:   0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:   1
Compound Is Canonicalized:   Yes

PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL NBUTYL ETHER:
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is commonly obtained through two processes; the ethoxylation reaction of butanol and ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst:

C2H4O + C4H9OH → C4H9OC2H4OH
or the etherification of butanol with 2-chloroethanol.
2-Butoxyethanol can be obtained in the laboratory by performing a ring opening of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane with boron trichloride.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is often produced industrially by combining ethylene glycol and butyraldehyde in a Parr reactor with palladium on carbon.

In 2006, the European production of butyl glycol ethers amounted to 181 kilotons, of which approximately 50% (90 kt/a) was 2-butoxyethanol.
World production is estimated to be 200 to 500 kt/a, of which 75% is for paints and coatings and 18% for metal cleaners and household cleaners.
In the US, it is considered a high production volume chemical because more than 100 million pounds of this chemical are produced per year.

PREPARATION METHOD OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL NBUTYL ETHER:
First, butanol was added to the boron trifluoride-ether complex, and ethylene oxide was introduced at 25-30 ° C, and then the temperature was automatically raised to about 80 ° C to complete the addition reaction.
The reaction product is neutralized and distilled to obtain a crude product after recovering butanol, and then fractionated to obtain a finished product.

CAS Number: 111-76-2
EC Number: 203-905-0

USES OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL NBUTYL ETHER:
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a glycol ether with modest surfactant properties, which can also be used as a mutual solvent.

Commercial uses:
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a solvent for paints and surface coatings, as well as cleaning products and inks.
Products that contain Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether include acrylic resin formulations, asphalt release agents, firefighting foam, leather protectors, oil spill dispersants, degreaser applications, photographic strip solutions, whiteboard and glass cleaners, liquid soaps, cosmetics, dry cleaning solutions, lacquers, varnishes, herbicides, latex paints, enamels, printing paste, and varnish removers, and silicone caulk.
Products containing this compound are commonly found at construction sites, automobile repair shops, print shops, and facilities that produce sterilizing and cleaning products.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is the main ingredient of many home, commercial and industrial cleaning solutions.
Since the molecule has both polar and non-polar ends, Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is useful for removing both polar and non-polar substances, like grease and oils.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is also approved by the U.S. FDA to be used as direct and indirect food additives, which include antimicrobial agents, defoamers, stabilizers, and adhesives.

In the petroleum industry:
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is commonly produced for the oil industry because of its surfactant properties.

In the petroleum industry, Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a component of fracturing fluids, drilling stabilizers, and oil slick dispersants for both water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing.
When liquid is pumped into the well, the fracturing fluids are pumped under extreme pressure, so Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is used to stabilize them by lowering the surface tension.
As a surfactant, Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether absorbs at the oil-water interface of the fracture.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is also used to facilitate the release of the gas by preventing congealing.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is also used as a crude oil–water coupling solvent for more general oil well workovers.
Because of its surfactant properties, Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a major constituent (30–60% w/w) in the oil spill dispersant Corexit 9527, which was widely used in the aftermath of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is employed primarily in the production of lacquers based on nitrocellulose, cellulose ethers and chlorinated rubber.
Small quantities are also used combination lacquers.
Solutions of nitrocellulose in Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether may be diluted with large quantity of white spirit, aromatic hydrocarbons or ethanol without adversely affecting the film property.
Small quantities of Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether improves both the flow and dilution capacity of the lacquers and also enhance the gloss of the resultant lacquer films.
Since Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether dries lacquer coatings very slowly, it is ideal for the preparation of brushing lacquers based on cellulose esters, cellulose ethers and chlorinated rubber.
Even quite small additions of Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether to alkyd, the viscosity of the lacquer solution considerably reduce, thereby improving the brush-out property of such lacquers.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a good intermediate solvent for use in mineral oil emulsion.
Even small quantities of Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether can disperse and stabilize such emulsion quite effectively.

Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is widely used as a solvent in protective surface coatings such as spray lacquers, quick-dry lacquers, enamels, varnishes, and latex paints.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is also used as an ingredient in paint thinners and strippers, varnish removers, agricultural chemicals, herbicides, silicon caulks, cutting oils, and hydraulic fluids.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether has other uses in metal cleaners, fabric dyes and inks, industrial and household cleaners (as a degreaser), and dry-cleaning compounds.

Key Areas of use:

Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is A solvent in paints, acrylic resin formulations, varnishes, lacquer and inks
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether reduces the viscosity of alkyd resin paints.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is flow improver for urea, melamine or phenolic stoving finishes.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is Used in water soluble solvent degreasers and cleaning products.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is An oil spill dispersant.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is Used in hydraulic fluids.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is Asphalt release agent
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is Photographic strip solution
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is Used in Firefighting foam.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is used In herbicides.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is used In the production of butyl glycol acetate.

With regards to environmental issues, Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is decomposes in the presence of air within a few days and has not been identified as a major environmental contaminant.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is It is not known to bioaccumulate.

Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether usage is dominated by the paint industry which consumes approximately 75 % of all the Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether produced.
This is because Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is a low volatility solvent and it can therefore both extend the drying times of coatings and improve their flow.

Other applications include use as a solvent in printing inks and textile dyes and as a component of hydraulic fluids.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is also a component of drilling and cutting oils and is a major component of Corexit 9527, which is an oil spill dispersant product.

Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is also a chemical intermediate and, as such, is a starting material in the production of butyl glycol acetate which is, itself, an excellent solvent.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is also a starting material in the production of plasticisers by the reaction of phthalic anhydride.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is also something that is used regularly in most households as it is a component of many home cleaning products.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether provides very good cleaning power for domestic cleaning products and also provides the characteristic odour that we associate with many of these products.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether also plays the same role in some industrial and commercial surface cleaners.

Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is used in coatings and cleaner applications, including many in
consumer markets.
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether is used for:
• Active solvent for solvent-based coatings
• Coalescent for industrial water-based coatings
• Coupling agent for architectural water-borne coatings
• Coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial cleaners, rust removers, hard surface
cleaners and disinfectants
• Primary solvent in solvent-based silk screen printing inks
• Coupling agent for resins and dyes in waterbased printing inks
• Solvent for agricultural pesticides

CAS Number: 111-76-2
EC Number: 203-905-0

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT ETHYLENE GLYCOL NBUTYL ETHER:
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether has a low acute toxicity, with LD50 of 2.5 g/kg in rats.
Laboratory tests by the U.S. National Toxicology Program have shown that only sustained exposure to high concentrations (100–500 ppm) of 2-butoxyethanol can cause adrenal tumors in animals.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) reports that 2-butoxyethanol is carcinogenic in rodents.
These rodent tests may not directly translate to carcinogenicity in humans, as the observed mechanism of cancer involves the rodents' forestomach, which humans lack.
OSHA does not regulate 2-butoxyethanol as a carcinogen.
2-Butoxyethanol has not been shown to penetrate shale rock in a study conducted by Manz.

Disposal and degradation:
2-Butoxyethanol can be disposed of by incineration.
It was shown that disposal occurs faster in the presence of semiconductor particles.
2-Butoxyethanol usually decomposes in the presence of air within a few days by reacting with oxygen radicals.
It has not been identified as a major environmental contaminant, nor is it known to bio-accumulate.
2-Butoxyethanol biodegrades in soils and water, with a half life of 1–4 weeks in aquatic environments.

Human exposure:
Ethylene glycol nbutyl ether most commonly enters the human body system through dermal absorption, inhalation, or oral consumption of the chemical.
The ACGIH threshold limit value (TLV) for worker exposure is 20 ppm, which is well above the odor detection threshold of 0.4 ppm.
Blood or urine concentrations of 2-butoxyethanol or the metabolite 2-butoxyacetic acid may be measured using chromatographic techniques.
A biological exposure index of 200 mg 2-butoxyacetic acid per g creatinine has been established in an end-of-shift urine specimen for U.S. employees.
2-Butoxyethanol and its metabolites fall to undetectable levels in urine after about 30 hours in men.

Animal studies:
Harmful effects have been observed in nonhuman mammals exposed to high levels of 2-butoxyethanol.
Developmental effects were seen in a study that exposed pregnant Fischer 344 rats, a type of laboratory rat, and New Zealand white rabbits to varying doses of 2-butoxyethanol.
At 100 ppm (483 mg/m3) and 200 ppm (966 mg/m3) exposure, statistically significant increases were observed in the number of litters with skeletal defects.
Additionally, 2-butoxyethanol was associated with a significant decrease in maternal body weight, uterine weight, and number of total implants.
2-Butoxyethanol is metabolized in mammals by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.

Neurological effects have also been observed in animals exposed to 2-butoxyethanol.
Fischer 344 rats exposed to 2-butoxyethanol at concentrations of 523 ppm and 867 ppm experienced decreased coordination.
Male rabbits showed a loss of coordination and equilibrium after exposure to 400 ppm of 2-butoxyethanol for two days.

When exposed to 2-butoxyethanol in drinking water, both F344/N rats and B63F1 mice showed negative effects.
The range of exposure for the two species was between 70 mg/kg body weight per day to 1300 mg/kg body weight per day.
Decreased body weight and water consumption were seen for both species.
Rats had reduced red blood cell counts and thymus weights, as well as lesions in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

Regulation in Canada:
Environment and Health Canada recommended that 2-butoxyethanol be added to Schedule 1 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA).
Under these regulations, products containing 2-butoxyethanol are to be diluted below a certain concentration.
Only those in which the user performs the required dilution are required to include it on labelling information.

Regulation in the US:
2-Butoxyethanol is listed in California as a hazardous substance and the state sets an 8 hour average airborne concentration exposure limit at 25 ppm, and in California employers are required to inform employees when they are working with it.

It is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as "an indirect and direct food additive for use as an antimicrobial agent, defoamer, stabilizer and component of adhesives",and also "may be used to wash or assist in the peeling of fruits and vegetables" and "may be safely used as components of articles intended for use in packaging, transporting & holding food".
After its deletion from a UN list of substances requiring special toxicity labeling in 1994, and a subsequent petition by the American Chemistry Council, 2-butoxyethanol was removed from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's list of hazardous air pollutants in 2004.
The safety of products containing 2-butoxyethanol as normally used is defended by the industry trade groups the American Chemistry Council and the Soap and Detergent Association.

CAS Number: 111-76-2
EC Number: 203-905-0

SYNONYMS OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL NBUTYL ETHER:

MeSH Entry Terms:
2-butoxyethanol

butylcellosolve

ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether

n-butoxyethanol

n-butoxyethanol sodium salt

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms
2-Butoxyethanol

111-76-2

ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER

Butyl glycol

Butyl cellosolve

Butoxyethanol

n-Butoxyethanol

Ethanol, 2-butoxy-

Ethylene glycol butyl ether

Butyl oxitol

Glycol butyl ether

Glycol ether eb

3-Oxa-1-heptanol

2-butoxyethan-1-ol

EGBE

Dowanol EB

2-Butoxy-1-ethanol

Gafcol EB

Poly-Solv EB

O-Butyl ethylene glycol

Jeffersol eb

Butyl cellu-sol

BUCS

Ektasolve EB

Glycol monobutyl ether

Chimec NR

2-Butoxy ethanol

2-Butossi-etanolo

2-Butoxy-aethanol

2-n-Butoxyethanol

Butylcelosolv

Butylglycol

Butoksyetylowy alkohol

2-Butoxy-ethanol

Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether

EGMBE

Monobutyl glycol ether

Monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether

n-Butyl Cellosolve

.beta.-Butoxyethanol

ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether

Butyglycol

Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether

2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol

Ether alcohol

Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether

Butyl icinol

UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV

Polyethylene glycol monobutyl ether

Minex BDH

NSC 60759

2-Hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether

2-Butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)

9004-77-7

Butyl monoether glycol

Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol

I0P9XEZ9WV

Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether

Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol

CHEBI:63921

DSSTox_CID_4097

DSSTox_RID_77286

DSSTox_GSID_24097

Butylcelosolv [Czech]

Caswell No. 121

butylcellosolve

g lycol ether eb

beta-Butoxyethanol

2 -Butoxyethanol

Butylglycol [French,German]

2-Butoxy-aethanol [German]

CAS-111-76-2

SMR001253761

2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian]

Butoxyethanol, 2-

Ektasolve EB solvent

CCRIS 5985

HSDB 538

Butoksyetylowy alkohol [Polish]

Ek tasolve EB solvent

Glycol ether eb acetate

EINECS 203-905-0

UN2369

n-butoxyethanol sodium salt

EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 011501

BRN 1732511

Butyloxitol

AI3-0993

butoxy-ethanol

Polyoxyethylene monobutyl ether

Polyethylene glycol butyl ether

AI3-09903

Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol [Spanish]

Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether

Butyl Glycolether

EB Solvent

Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol [French]

3-oxaheptan-1-ol

Polyethylene glycol, monobutyl ester

2-(n-Butoxy)ethanol

BuOCH2CH2OH

2-(1-Butyloxy) ethanol

EC 203-905-0

EC 500-012-0

2-Butoxy-aethanol(GERMAN)

SCHEMBL15712

MLS002174253

MLS002454362

WLN: Q2O4

Butyglycol(FRENCH, GERMAN)

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE)(2-Butoxyet)

ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether

CHEMBL284588

Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-butyl-omega-hydroxy-

QSPL 003

DTXSID1024097

2-BUTOXY ETHANOL (ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER)

Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-butyl-.omega.-hydroxy-

Ethylene glycol butyl ether, 99%

2-butoxyethanol (butyl cellosolve)

NSC60759

ZINC1690437

Tox21_202399

Tox21_300123

MFCD00002884

NSC-60759

Ethylene glycol butyl ether, >=99%

AKOS009028760

MCULE-4417721312

NCGC00090683-01

NCGC00090683-02

NCGC00090683-03

NCGC00090683-04

NCGC00090683-05

NCGC00254083-01

NCGC00259948-01

LS-13220

B0698

FT-0626297

EN300-19317

Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Reagent Grade

C19355

Ethylene glycol butyl ether, analytical standard

Q421557

Ethylene glycol butyl ether, for synthesis, 99.0%

J-508565

Ethylene glycol butyl ether, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%

Z1259086991

Ethylene glycol butyl ether, spectrophotometric grade, >=99.0%

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether [UN2369] [Keep away from food]