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EC 1272/2008
CAS: 68333-79-9
Exolit AP 435 is a fine-grained white ammonium polyphosphate powder with low water solubility.
Exolit AP 435 is a non-halogenated, non-hazardous low smoke flame retardant solution with a preferable environmental and health profile.
Exolit AP 435 is characterized by an exceptionally low viscosity in aqueous suspension.
Exolit AP 435 is suitable for use in epoxy resin and other polymers.
Exolit AP 435 complies with CLP Regulation.
Exolit AP 435 is an organic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.
As a chemical, Exolit AP 435 is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and halogen-free.
Exolit AP 435 is most commonly used as a flame retardant, selection of the specific grade of ammonium polyphosphate can be determined by the solubility, Phosphorus content, chain length and polymerization degree.
The chain length (n) of this polymeric compound can be linear or branched.
Depending on the polymerization degree, there are two main families of ammonium polyphosphate: Crystal phase I APP (or APP I), and Crystal phase II APP (or APP II).
Exolit AP 435 has a short and linear chain (n < 100), Exolit AP 435 is more water sensitive (hydrolysis) and less thermally stable; actually Exolit AP 435 begins to decompose at temperatures above 150 °C.
The second family of Exolit AP 435 is the APP Phase II; which has an high polymerization degree, with n>1000, Exolit AP 435'S structure is cross linked (branched), and Exolit AP 435 is an high-quality non-halogenated flame retardant.
Exolit AP 435, Ammonium polyphosphate, has an higher thermal stability (the decomposition starts at approximately 300°C) and lower water solubility than APP I.
Benefits
Optimized for low viscosity in aqueous suspension, low water solubility and low acid number.
Non-halogenated flame retardant with favorable environmental and health profile.
Particularly suitable as an ”acid donor” for intumescent coatings thanks to its low water solubility.
Steel structures coated with intumescent paints can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others.
Their application on wood or plastics enables these materials to qualify for Building Material Class B (DIN EN 13501-1)
Imparts a good flame-retardant effect to adhesives and sealants when Exolit AP 435 is incorporated into the base formulation at the rate of 10 - 20%
Suitable non-halogenated flame retardant for polyurethane foams.
PUR Foams with Exolit AP 435 can be recycled
Excellent flame-retardant effect in cellulose-containing materials such as paper and wood products.
With chipboard products, the DIN EN 13501-1 classification can be achieved by adding 15 - 20 % Exolit AP 435
An essential component in intumescent formulations for thermoplastics, particularly polypropylene, for which the classification UL 94-V0 is specified for applications in the electrical sector
In the case of thermosets like epoxy resins and unsaturated polyester resins, Exolit AP 435 paves the way for the production of lightweight components with low solids content
(Bio-)degradable by breaking down to naturally occurring phosphate and ammonia
Applications
Exolit AP 435 is a fine-particle ammonium polyphosphate (phase II) optimized for low viscosity in aqueous suspension and intumescent coatings.
The product is largely insoluble in water and completely insoluble in organic solvents.
Exolit AP 435 is colorless, non-hygroscopic and non-flammable.
Intumescent coatings
Exolit AP 435 is particularly suitable as an ”acid donor” for intumescent coatings.
Other essential components of intumescent systems include a binder, a carbon donor (e.g. pentaerythritol) and a blowing agent (e.g. melamine).
On exposure to flame, intumescent coatings form a carbonaceous foam which effectively shields the underlying material from temperature increases.
Steel structures coated with intumescent paints can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others.
The application of Exolit AP 435 based intumescent coatings on wood or plastics enables these materials to qualify for Building Material Class B (DIN EN 13501-1).
Exolit AP 435 imparts a good flame-retardant effect to adhesives and sealants when Exolit AP 435 is incorporated into the base formulation at the rate of 10 - 20 %.
Polyurethane foams
Exolit AP 435 is a suitable non-halogenated flame retardant for polyurethane foams.
If handling of Exolit AP 435 as a solid is not possible we recommend the dosage of the flame retardant by preparing an Exolit AP 435 /polyol-suspension.
Because of the low acid number of Exolit AP 435, it is also possible to incorporate this flame retardant in an isocyanate suspension.
To prevent the solids from settling, the Exolit AP 435 suspensions should be stirred or circulated by pump.
The stirrers commonly found in service tanks are adequate for this purpose.
Other applications
Exolit AP 435 has an excellent flame-retardant effect in cellulose-containing materials such as paper and wood products.
With chipboard products, the DIN EN 13501-1 classification can be achieved by adding 15 - 20 % Exolit AP 435.
Because of its high heat stability, Exolit AP 435 is an essential component in intumescent formulations for thermoplastics, particularly polypropylene, for which the classification UL 94-V0 is specified for applications in the electrical sector.
Casting resins and composites based on epoxy resins or unsaturated polyester resins achieve the classification UL 94-V0 with Exolit AP 435.
Combinations of Exolit AP 435 with ATH show synergistic effects in UL94 and LOI tests.
Exolit AP 435 Chemical Properties
Density: 1.74[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0.076Pa at 20℃
Storage temp.: −20°C
CAS DataBase Reference: 68333-79-9
EPA Substance Registry System: Exolit AP 435 (68333-79-9)
Appearance: White free-flowing powder
Whiteness: 92.0 Min
pH (10% slurry -25°C): 5.5-7.5
Acid Value, KOH mg/1g: 1.0 Max
Solubility in water (25°C), g/100ml H2O: 0.50 Max
Nitrogen, w/w%: 14.0-15.0
Phosphorus (P), w/w%: 31.0-32.0
Thermal decomposition onset, °C: 285 Min
Average Particle Size, D50, µm: About 15
Synonyms
10361-65-6
Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:3)
68333-79-9
Triammonium orthophosphate
triazanium;phosphate
Ammonium phosphate, tribasic
UNII-2ZJF06M0I9
2ZJF06M0I9
Phosphoric acid, triammonium salt
EINECS 233-793-9
Ammonium polyphosphate, Degree of Polymerization: >1000
triazanium phosphate
EINECS 270-200-2
68412-62-4
MAP, Ammonium acid phosphate
DTXSID8052778
Phosphoric acid, di-C4-18-alkyl esters, ammonium salts
FT-0698825
