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EXTENDER PVC is a specialized polymeric material used as an extender and functional additive in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) formulations.
EXTENDER PVC is designed to improve the processing characteristics, mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and cost efficiency of PVC-based products.
EXTENDER PVC can be incorporated into rigid and flexible PVC formulations depending on the required end-use properties.
Product Name:Polyvinyl chloride
CAS:9002-86-2
MF:(C2H3Cl)x
MW:62.5
EINECS: 618-338-8
Mol File: 9002-86-2.mol
Synonyms: PVC Extender, Polyvinyl Chloride Extender, PVC Filler, PVC Filler Resin, Extender Resin, PVC Additive, Polyvinyl Chloride Filler, PVC Processing Aid, PVC Modifier, Extender for PVC
Description
Polyvinyl chloride, commonly abbreviated PVC, is the thirdmost widely produced plastic, after polyethylene and polypropylene.
PVC is used in construction because Extender PVC is more effective than traditional materials such as copper, iron or wood in pipe and profile applications.
Extender PVC can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates.
In this form, Extender PVC is also used in clothing and upholstery, electrical cable insulation, inflatable products and many applications in which Extender PVC replaces rubber.
Pure polyvinyl chloride is a white, brittle solid.
Extender PVC is insoluble in alcohol, but slightly soluble in tetrahydrofuran.
Properties
Melting point: 170-195 °C (decomp)
Boiling point: 0.100 °C
Density: 1.4 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Tg: 85
Refractive index: n 1.54
Fp: 736
Storage temp.: 2-8 °C
Form: Powder
Specific Gravity: 1.385
Color: White to Off-White
Dielectric constant: 3.4 (Ambient)
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: FILM FORMING
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H3Cl/c1-2-3/h2H,1H2
InChIKey: BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C=CCl
Surface tension: 41.5 mN/m at 20 °C
Uses
Polyvinyl Chloride could be useful for the removal epoxidation catalyst from epoxidized unsaturated oils.
Poly(vinyl chloride), softened with a plasticizer such as esters, is used for making vinyl leather (used for handbags, briefcases, and inexpensive shoes), plastic raincoats, shower curtains, garden hoses, floor covering, and automobile upholstery.
Rubber substitutes, electric wire and cable-coverings, pliable thin sheeting, film finishes for textiles, non-flammable upholstery, raincoats, tubing, belting, gaskets, shoe soles.
Chemical Properties
Peroxide- or thiadiazole-cured CPE exhibits good thermal stability up to 150°C and is much more oil resistant than nonpolar elastomers such as natural rubber or EPDFM.
Commercial products are soft when the chlorine content is 28–38%.
At more than 45% chlorine content, the material resembles polyvinyl chloride.
Higher-molecular-weight polyethylene yields a chlorinated polyethylene that has both high viscosity and tensile strength.
Chemical Properties
often provided for research as a 50% suspension in water, when it is
Physical Properties
PVC is a thermoplastic polymer.
Its properties for PVC are usually categorized based on rigid and flexible PVCs.
Mechanical properties
PVC has high hardness and mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties enhance with the molecular weight increasing, but decrease with the temperature increasing.
The mechanical properties of rigid PVC (uPVC) is very good, the elastic modulus can reach to 1500-3,000 MPa.
The soft PVC (Flexible PVC) elastic is 1.5- 15 MPa.
However, elongation at break is up to 200% -450%. PVC friction is ordinary, the static friction factor is 0.4-0.5, the dynamic friction factor is 0.23.
Thermal properties
The heat stability of PVC is very poor, when the temperature reaches 140 °C PVC starts to decompose.
Its melting temperature is 160 °C. The linear expansion coefficient of the PVC is small and has flame retardancy, the oxidation index is up to 45 or more.
Therefore, the addition of a heat stabilizer during the process is necessary in order to ensure the product's properties.
Electrical properties
PVC is a polymer with good insulation properties but because of its higher polar nature the electrical insulating property is inferior to non polar polymers such as poly ethylene and poly propylene.
Applications
Construction: Used in PVC pipes, profiles, window frames, wall panels, roofing membranes, and other construction products.
Electrical and Cables: Used in PVC insulation and cable sheathing formulations.
Flooring: Used in PVC flooring and resilient floor coverings.
Flexible PVC: Used in films, sheets, artificial leather, coated fabrics, and flexible products.
Industrial Products: Used in molded and extruded PVC components requiring balanced mechanical and processing properties.
Application
PVC's relatively low cost, biological and chemical resistance and workability have resulted in Extender PVC being used for a wide variety of applications.
Extender PVC is used for sewerage pipes and other pipe applications where cost or vulnerability to corrosion limit the use of metal.
With the addition of impact modifiers and stabilizers, Extender PVC has become a popular material for window and door frames.
By adding plasticizers, Extender PVC can become flexible enough to be used in cabling applications as a wire insulator.
Extender PVC has been used in many other applications.
Pipes
Roughly half of the world's polyvinyl chloride resin manufactured annually is used for producing pipes for municipal and industrial applications .
In the water distribution market Extender PVC accounts for 66 % of the market in the US, and in sanitary sewer pipe applications, Extender PVC accounts for 75 % .
Its light weight, low cost, and low maintenance make Extender PVC attractive.
However, it must be carefully installed and bedded to ensure longitudinal cracking and overbelling does not occur.
Additionally, PVC pipes can be fused together using various solvent cements, or heat-fused (butt-fusion process, similar to joining HDPE pipe), creating permanent joints that are virtually impervious to leakage.
Electric cables
PVC is commonly used as the insulation on electrical cables; PVC used for this purpose needs to be plasticized.
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) for construction
uPVC, also known as rigid PVC, is extensively used in the building industry as a low-maintenance material, particularly in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and in the United States.
In the USA Extender PVC is known as vinyl, or vinyl siding .
The material comes in a range of colors and finishes, including a photo - effect wood finish, and is used as a substitute for painted wood, mostly for window frames and sills when installing double glazing in new buildings, or to replace older single-glazed windows.
Other uses include fascia, and siding or weatherboarding.
This material has almost entirely replaced the use of cast iron for plumbing and drainage, being used for waste pipes, drainpipes, gutters and downspouts.
uPVC does not contain phthalates, since those are only added to flexible PVC, nor does it contain BPA.
uPVC is known as having strong resistance against chemicals, sunlight, and oxidation from water.
Clothing and furniture
PVC has become widely used in clothing, to either create a leather-like material or at times simply for the effect of PVC.
PVC clothing is common in Goth, Punk, clothing fetish and alternative fashions.
PVC is cheaper than rubber, leather, and latex which Extender PVC is therefore used to simulate.
Healthcare
The two main application areas for medically approved PVC compounds are flexible containers and tubing: containers used for blood and blood components for urine or for ostomy products and tubing used for blood taking and blood giving sets, catheters, heartlung bypass sets, haemodialysis set etc.
In Europe the consumption of PVC for medical devices is approximately 85.000 tons every year.
Almost one third of plastic based medical devices are made from PVC.
Flooring
Flexible PVC flooring is inexpensive and used in a variety of buildings covering the home, hospitals, offices, schools, etc.
Complex and 3D designs are possible due to the prints that can be created which are then protected by a clear wear layer.
A middle vinyl foam layer also gives a comfortable and safe feel.
The smooth, tough surface of the upper wear layer prevents the build up of dirt which prevents microbes from breeding in areas that need to be kept sterile, such as hospitals and clinics.
Other applications
PVC has been used for a host of consumer products of relatively smaller volume compared to the industrial and commercial applications described above.
Another of its earliest mass-market consumer applications was to make vinyl records.
More recent examples include wallcovering, greenhouses, home playgrounds, foam and other toys, custom truck toppers (tarpaulins), ceiling tiles and other kinds of interior cladding.
History
PVC was accidentally discovered at least twice in the 19th century, first in 1835 by French chemist Henri Victor Regnault and then in 1872 by German chemist Eugen Baumann.
On both occasions the polymer appeared as a white solid inside flasks of vinyl chloride that had been left exposed to sunlight.
In the early 20th century the Russian chemist Ivan Ostromislensky and Fritz Klatte of the German chemical company Griesheim-Elektron both attempted to use PVC in commercial products, but difficulties in processing the rigid, sometimes brittle polymer blocked their efforts.
Waldo Semon and the B.F. Goodrich Company developed a method in 1926 to plasticize PVC by blending it with various additives.
The result was a more flexible and more easily processed material that soon achieved widespread commercial use.
Polyvinyl chloride is produced by polymerization of the monomer vinyl chloride (VCM), as shown.
