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Ferrous gluconate is used in the food industry for products requiring iron, especially in supplements and infant formula production.
Ferrous gluconate is also used as a stabilizer.
Ferrous gluconate is used to treat or prevent iron deficiency anemia (a lack of red blood cells caused by having too little iron in the body).
CAS Number: 299-29-6
EC Number: 206-076-3
E Number: E579
Chemical Formula: C12H22FeO14
Molecular Weight: 446.14 g/mol
SYNONYMS:
Ferrous Gluconate, Iron(II) Gluconate, Iron Gluconate, Iron Diformylmethylate Gluconate, D-Gluconic Acid Iron(II) Salt, Iron(2+) Gluconate, Ferrous D-Gluconate, Iron Bis(Gluconate), Iron(II) Digluconate, E579, Ferrous Gluconate Dihydrate, Iron Gluconate Hydrate, Ferrous Gluconate USP, Ferrous Gluconate BP, FERROUS GLUCONATE, Ferroglyconicum, Glucoferron, Iron(II) Gluconate, Biofergate, Cerevon, Feravol, Ferlucon, Ferronicum, Ferrose, Glucomax, Gluferate, Nionate, Entron, Fenton, Ferox, Irox, Ferro-agepha, Ferrum polon, Gluco-ferrum, Ray-gluciron, Fergon preparations, Iron-II gluconate, Fergon, Ferrin 55, 299-29-6, Iron gluconate, Gluconic acid iron salt, Ferrous gluconate anhydrous, Iron(II) gluconate, anhydrous, 781E2AXH0K, Iron(2+) gluconate (1:2), D-gluconic acid, iron(2+) salt (2:1), Gluconic acid, iron(2+) salt (2:1), D-, ferrous-gluconate, INS NO.579, DTXSID4040478, INS-579, E-579, Loesferron, Sideromal, RefChem:5828, Iron (as ferrous gluconate), DTXCID301839091, 206-076-3, U1B11I423Z, Ferrousgluconate, 18829-42-0, iron(2+);(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate, Iron(II) (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate, Apo-Ferrous Gluconate, Flourish, Iromon (gador), Irox (gador), Ferrous gluconate [USAN], UNII-781E2AXH0K, HSDB 461, Iron digluconate, Iron, bis(D-gluconato-O1,O2)-, EINECS 206-076-3, Ferrous gluconate CRS, bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid) iron, EC 206-076-3, SCHEMBL35424, Iron, bis(D-gluconato-κO1,κO2)-, FERROUS GLUCONATE [MI], FERROUS GLUCONATE [HSDB], VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L, EBC-27119, AKOS015901488, DB14488, Gluconic acid, iron(2+) salt (2:1), Iron, bis(D-gluconato-kappaO1,kappaO2)-, DB-187514, F568355, Q421291, Iron; (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Other names, Ferrous gluconate
Ferrous gluconate is a type of iron.
You normally get iron from the foods you eat.
In your body, iron becomes a part of your hemoglobin (HEEM o glo bin) and myoglobin (MY o glo bin).
Hemoglobin carries oxygen through your blood to tissues and organs.
Myoglobin helps your muscle cells store oxygen.
Ferrous gluconate contains approximately 12% elemental iron by weight, making it a practical source of supplemental iron.
Ferrous gluconate ligand originates from gluconic acid, a naturally occurring oxidation product of glucose.
This organic structure contributes to Ferrous gluconate's favorable solubility and absorption characteristics.
Because iron is an essential trace element involved in oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, cellular respiration, and enzyme activity, ferrous gluconate plays an important role in nutritional science, pharmaceutical therapy, and food fortification technologies.
Ferrous gluconate's combination of efficacy, stability, and tolerability has made it one of the most widely utilized iron compounds worldwide.
Ferrous Gluconate is a form of mineral iron for oral administration, Ferrous Gluconate is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine and combines with apoferritin to form ferritin, which is stored in the liver, spleen, red bone marrow, and intestinal mucosa.
Important in transport of oxygen by hemoglobin to the tissues, iron is also found in myoglobin, transferrin, and ferritin, and is as a component of many enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and cytochromes.
Ferrous Gluconate is a ferrous salt of gluconic acid.
Iron(II) gluconate, or ferrous gluconate, is a black compound often used as an iron supplement.
Ferrous gluconate is the iron(II) salt of gluconic acid with the chemical formula Fe(C6H11O7)2⋅nH2O (n=0,2).
Ferrous gluconate is marketed under brand names such as Fergon, Ferralet and Simron.
Ferrous Gluconate is an iron(II) salt of gluconic acid widely used as an iron source in pharmaceutical, food, nutritional, agricultural, and industrial applications.
Ferrous gluconate is one of the most commonly utilized iron supplements because of its relatively high bioavailability, good gastrointestinal tolerability compared with some other iron salts, and excellent compatibility in fortified products.
Ferrous gluconate provides elemental iron necessary for hemoglobin synthesis, oxygen transport, cellular metabolism, and numerous enzymatic processes.
In the food industry, Ferrous gluconate is used as a mineral fortification agent, color fixative, and processing aid, while in pharmaceutical applications it serves as an active ingredient in iron-deficiency treatments.
USES and APPLICATIONS of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
Ferrous gluconate is used in the food industry for products requiring iron, especially in supplements and infant formula production.
Ferrous gluconate is also used as a stabilizer.
Ferrous gluconate is used to treat or prevent iron deficiency anemia (a lack of red blood cells caused by having too little iron in the body).
Ferrous gluconate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Food supplement: In food supplements ferrous gluconate is used in various formats like tablets, capsules, oral liquids or effervescent tablets to treat iron deficiency and anemia.
Industrial and Research Applications: Ferrous gluconate is utilized in analytical chemistry, microbiological media, biochemical studies, pharmaceutical development, and research involving iron metabolism and nutrient bioavailability.
-Medical uses of Ferrous gluconate:
Ferrous gluconate is used in the treatment of hypochromic anemia.
The use of Ferrous gluconate compared with other iron preparations results in satisfactory reticulocyte responses, a high percentage utilization of iron, and an increase in hemoglobin to normal levels in a reasonably short time.
-Food additive uses of Ferrous gluconate:
Ferrous gluconate is also used as a food additive when processing black olives.
Ferrous gluconate is represented by the food labeling E number E579 in Europe.
Ferrous gluconate imparts a uniform jet black color to the olives.
-Pharmaceutical Applications of Ferrous gluconate:
Ferrous gluconate is extensively used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in iron supplements intended for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia.
Ferrous gluconate is commonly formulated into tablets, capsules, oral solutions, syrups, prenatal supplements, and multivitamin-mineral products.
Ferrous gluconate serves as a source of elemental iron required for hemoglobin production, red blood cell formation, oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and numerous enzymatic reactions.
Healthcare professionals frequently recommend ferrous gluconate because of its effectiveness and comparatively good gastrointestinal tolerance.
-Food Industry Applications of Ferrous gluconate:
In food manufacturing, ferrous gluconate is used as a nutritional fortification agent to increase iron content in foods and beverages.
Ferrous gluconate may be incorporated into cereals, bakery products, nutritional drinks, meal replacement products, infant nutrition products, and functional foods.
Ferrous gluconate is also used as a color-fixing agent, particularly in processed olives.
Ferrous gluconate helps stabilize and maintain the characteristic black color of ripe olives during processing and storage.
-Nutritional Supplements use of Ferrous gluconate:
Ferrous gluconate is a common ingredient in dietary supplements designed to support healthy iron levels.
Ferrous gluconate is frequently included in formulations intended for pregnant women, athletes, growing children, and individuals with increased iron requirements.
-Agriculture and Animal Nutrition uses of Ferrous gluconate:
Ferrous gluconate may be used as a supplemental iron source in animal feed and agricultural nutrient formulations.
Iron plays a crucial role in oxygen transport, metabolism, enzyme function, and overall growth in animals.
BENEFITS of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
One of the primary benefits of ferrous gluconate is its high bioavailability, allowing efficient absorption and utilization of iron by the body.
This makes Ferrous gluconate highly effective in correcting iron deficiency and supporting normal hematological function.
Another significant benefit is Ferrous gluconate's comparatively good gastrointestinal tolerability.
Many individuals experience fewer digestive discomforts when using ferrous gluconate compared with certain other iron salts.
Ferrous gluconate provides a stable and reliable source of iron for food fortification, nutritional supplementation, and pharmaceutical applications.
Ferrous gluconate supports healthy red blood cell production, oxygen transport, cognitive function, immune system performance, and energy metabolism.
Ferrous gluconate also exhibits good formulation flexibility and can be incorporated into a wide variety of dosage forms and food systems.
Ferrous gluconate's organic nature contributes to improved compatibility with many ingredients and processing conditions.
WHAT IS FERROUS GLUCONATE, AND WHAT IS IT USED FOR?
Ferrous gluconate is an oral iron product used to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia.
Ferrous gluconate is taken as a supplemental source of iron when dietary sources are inadequate to maintain adequate iron levels.
Dietary sources of iron include lean meat, poultry, seafood, kidney beans, lentils, spinach, peas, nuts and certain fortified foods.
Ferrous gluconate is available over the counter (OTC) in the U.S.
Iron is an important component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to all the tissues, and myoglobin, the muscle protein that stores oxygen and releases it to the muscle cells when oxygen saturation drops.
In addition to oxygen transport and storage, iron is essential for many cellular processes, synthesis of enzymes and hormones, DNA synthesis and repair, electron transport and energy metabolism.
In general, women relatively need more iron intake because of loss of iron with menstrual bleeding, and pregnant women often need iron supplements because their requirement goes up during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
CHARACTERISTICS of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
Ferrous gluconate is considered one of the most widely used organic iron salts due to its balance between iron content, bioavailability, and tolerability.
Compared with some inorganic iron compounds, Ferrous gluconate often causes fewer gastrointestinal side effects and demonstrates good absorption in the digestive tract.
Ferrous gluconate portion acts as a stabilizing organic ligand, helping maintain iron in the ferrous state and improving its usability in aqueous systems.
Ferrous gluconate possesses favorable formulation characteristics and can be incorporated into tablets, capsules, syrups, fortified foods, beverages, and specialty nutritional products.
Its relatively mild sensory profile compared with certain other iron salts makes Ferrous gluconate suitable for food fortification applications where taste and color stability are important considerations.
WHAT IS FERROUS GLUCONATE FOR?
These preparations contain multivitamins with iron.
Iron is needed to produce red blood cells to replenish the blood loss during delivery.
HOW SHOULD I TAKE OR USE FERROUS GLUCONATE?
The dose is usually one tablet a day or as directed by your doctor.
These medications are to be taken after food or as directed.
Ferrous Gluconate is an iron supplement commonly used to treat and prevent iron deficiency anaemia.
Ferrous gluconate is suitable for adults and children over 12 years, these tablets are designed to restore healthy iron levels, support red blood cell production, and alleviate symptoms of anaemia, including fatigue and shortness of breath.
Improve Iron Levels Naturally with Ferrous Gluconate – Combat fatigue and support your body’s natural energy levels with an effective, easy-to-take iron supplement.
WHAT IS FERROUS GLUCONATE USED FOR?
Ferrous gluconate, a type of iron supplement, is commonly known by various trade names such as Fergon, Ferralet, and Simron.
Ferrous gluconate is widely used to treat or prevent low blood levels of iron, a condition known as iron deficiency anemia.
Iron is an essential mineral that our body requires to produce red blood cells and maintain proper health.
Ferrous gluconate is particularly effective in addressing anemia due to its high bioavailability, meaning the body can readily absorb and utilize it.
Ferrous gluconate is highly regarded in the medical community and prescribed by healthcare professionals globally.
Research institutions continue to explore its efficacy and safety.
Historically, Ferrous gluconate has been one of the recommended treatments for anemia in pregnant women, individuals with chronic blood loss, and those with dietary deficiencies.
Clinical studies have shown positive outcomes, proving ferrous gluconate to be an effective and dependable iron supplement.
Ferrous gluconate is available both over-the-counter and by prescription, depending on the strength and specific formulation.
FERROUS GLUCONATE MECHANISM OF ACTION:
The primary role of ferrous gluconate is to replenish iron stores in the body, which are crucial for hemoglobin production.
Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.
When iron levels are low, hemoglobin production is impaired, leading to anemia characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
Once ingested, ferrous gluconate is absorbed in the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine.
It then enters the bloodstream, where it can be incorporated into hemoglobin.
The ferrous (Fe2+) form of iron is more soluble and better absorbed than the ferric (Fe3+) form, making ferrous gluconate a preferred choice for iron supplementation.
Ferrous gluconate works by providing a readily usable form of iron that can quickly integrate into the body's physiological processes, thereby improving the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and alleviating the symptoms of anemia.
HOW TO USE FERROUS GLUCONATE:
Ferrous gluconate is usually administered orally in the form of tablets or liquid.
The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the severity of the iron deficiency and the patient's overall health status.
Ferrous gluconate is crucial to follow the dosing instructions provided by a healthcare professional to ensure optimal results and minimize potential side effects.
The standard adult dose for treating iron deficiency anemia is typically between 100 to 200 mg of elemental iron per day, divided into two or three doses.
For children, the dosage is adjusted according to body weight and specific medical needs.
Ferrous gluconate should be taken on an empty stomach to enhance absorption, although it can be taken with food if gastrointestinal discomfort occurs.
The onset of action for ferrous gluconate can vary, but improvement in symptoms is generally observed within a few weeks of consistent use.
Full restoration of iron stores may take several months, depending on the initial severity of the deficiency.
It's important to continue taking Ferrous gluconate for the entire prescribed duration to ensure that iron levels are adequately replenished and maintained.
PHARMACODYNAMICS of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
Hematinic action:
Ferrous gluconate replaces iron, an essential component in the formation of hemoglobin.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Absorption:
Absorbed from the entire length of the GI tract, but primary absorption sites are the duodenum and proximal jejunum.
Up to 10% of iron is absorbed by healthy individuals; patients with iron-deficiency anemia may absorb up to 60%.
Food may decrease absorption by 33% to 50%.
Distribution:
Transported through GI mucosal cells directly into the blood, where it is immediately bound to a carrier protein, transferrin, and transported to the bone marrow for incorporation into hemoglobin.
Iron is highly protein-bound.
Metabolism:
Liberated by the destruction of hemoglobin but is conserved and reused by the body.
Excretion:
Healthy people lose only small amounts of iron daily.
Men and postmenopausal women lose about 1 mg/day, premenopausal women about 1.5 mg/day.
Loss usually occurs in nails, hair, feces, and urine; trace amounts are lost in bile and sweat.
REACTIONS of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
Upon heating, Ferrous gluconate decomposes to either α-Fe2O3 or γ-Fe2O3 depending on the atmosphere under which the process occurs.
Ferrous gluconate can be used as a dietary ingredient and as a nutrient.
Ferrous gluconate is known to be used for pharmaceutical applications.
Iron has a vital function in combining with protein and copper to make hemoglobin.
Iron also prevents fatigue and promotes good skin tone.
STRUCTURE of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
The anhydrous compound, dried under vacuum at 77 °C (350 K; 171 °F) forms a triclinic structure (space group P1).
Samples dried in air at temperatures above 100 °C (373 K; 212 °F) exhibit a monoclinic structure (s.g. P121).
The dihydrate also exhibits a monoclinic unit cell (s.g. I2), while partially hydrated samples can be described as a superposition of two phases, P1 and I2.
PREPARATION of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
Ferrous gluconate dihydrate can be precipitated by mixing solutions of ferrous sulfate and barium gluconate.
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
Appearance: Yellow-gray, pale green-yellow, or greenish-yellow crystalline powder.
Physical State: Solid.
Odor: Odorless or nearly odorless.
Taste: Slightly metallic taste.
Molecular Weight: 446.14 g/mol.
Density: Approximately 2.5–3.0 g/cm³.
Solubility in Water: Freely soluble to moderately soluble depending on hydration state.
Solubility in Alcohol: Practically insoluble.
Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic.
Crystal Structure: Crystalline material.
Color: Yellowish-gray to greenish-yellow.
Bulk Density: Varies according to manufacturing process.
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Molecular Formula: C12H22FeO14.
Oxidation State of Iron: +2 (Ferrous state).
Chemical Nature: Organic iron salt.
Ionic Character: Dissociates into ferrous ions and gluconate ions in aqueous solutions.
pH of Solution: Typically mildly acidic.
Chelating Properties: Gluconate ligand stabilizes iron ions and improves solubility.
Reducing Ability: Ferrous ion may undergo oxidation to ferric ion upon prolonged exposure to air.
Thermal Stability: Stable under normal processing temperatures.
Complex Formation: Forms coordination complexes through hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.
Hydrogen Bond Donors: Multiple hydroxyl groups contribute extensive hydrogen bonding.
Compatibility: Compatible with many food, pharmaceutical, and nutritional formulations.
Oxidation Sensitivity: Can gradually oxidize when exposed to oxygen and moisture.
Chemical Name: Ferrous Gluconate
IUPAC Name: Iron(II) bis(D-gluconate)
CAS Number: 299-29-6
EC Number: 206-076-3
E Number: E579
Chemical Formula: C12H22FeO14
Molecular Weight: 446.14 g/mol
Chemical Class: Iron(II) Salt of Gluconic Acid
Appearance: Yellowish-gray to greenish-yellow powder or granules
PubChem CID: 3083324
ChemSpider ID: 2340486
Chemical formula: FeC12H22O14
Molar mass: 446.14 g/mol
Appearance: light yellow to brown powder
Odor: slight caramel odor
Melting point: 188 °C (370 °F; 461 K) dihydrate (decomposes)
Solubility in water: soluble
Solubility: soluble in glycerin
negligible in alcohol
Product Name: Ferrous Gluconate (Iron Gluconate)
Chemical Formula: C12H22FeO14
CAS No: 299-29-6
EINESC No: 206-076-3
UN No: Not subject to transport regulations
Physical Properties: Light brown, beige solid powder
Odor: Characteristic
Molecular Weight: 482.17 g/mol
Density: 0.79 g/cm3
Solubility: Soluble in water
Molecular Weight: 446.14 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 10
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 14
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 446.035891 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 446.035891 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 283 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 27
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 165
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 8
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
FIRST AID MEASURES of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
HANDLING and STORAGE of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
STABILITY and REACTIVITY of FERROUS GLUCONATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
