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Flame Retardant HF-4 is an all-phosphorus additive flame retardant recommended for use in the Automotive MVSS302 and furniture California Technical Bulletin 117 flammability tests.
Flame Retardant HF-4's superiority is demonstrated in low discoloration.
Foams containing Flame Retardant HF-4 exhibit good compression set and IFD properties.
Flame Retardant HF-4 is a halogen-free, environmentally friendly flame retardant commonly used in various industrial applications to enhance the fire resistance of materials.
Flame Retardant HF-4 is particularly effective in applications where non-halogenated solutions are preferred.
This additive has low volatility and good processing characteristics.
Flame Retardant HF-4 is a non-halogen, phosphorus-based flame retardant commercially used in flexible polyurethane foams.
Flame Retardant HF-4 is a clear transparent, non-viscous liquid with low scorch properties.
Flame Retardant HF-4's superiority is demonstrated in low discoloration, excellent hydrolytic stability, low volatility, low fogging and processing characteristics which enable its incorporation into foam formulations with little or no effect on foam processing.
Butylated triphenyl phosphate ester.
Acts as a non-halogen flame retardant.
Exhibits very low scorch, low volatility, excellent hydrolytic stability, low fogging and processing characteristics.
Flame Retardant HF-4 provides good compression and IFD properties.
Recommended for use in flexible polyurethane foams.
Flame Retardant HF-4 are a diverse group of chemicals that are added to manufactured materials, such as plastics and textiles, and surface finishes and coatings.
Flame Retardant HF-4 are activated by the presence of an ignition source and prevent or slow the further development of flames by a variety of different physical and chemical mechanisms.
They may be added as a copolymer during the polymerisation process, or later added to the polymer at a moulding or extrusion process or (particularly for textiles) applied as a topical finish.
Mineral flame retardants are typically additive, while organohalogen and organophosphorus compounds can be either reactive or additive.
Materials
Flame Retardant HF-4 cotton
Flame Retardant HF-4 cotton is cotton that has been treated to prevent or slow ignition by different treatments applied during the manufacturing process.
Cotton is typically made flame-resistant by chemical applications of polymeric, nonpolymeric, and polymeric/nonpolymeric hybrids that are composed of one or more of the elements such as nitrogen, sodium, phosphorus, silicon, boron, or chlorine.
Manufacturing
While non-organic fabrics are typically made flame-resistant by incorporating flame retardants into their matrices, surface modification is more convenient for organic fabrics like cotton.
Use
Cotton fabrics have been frequently used worldwide because of their advantageous properties with regard to thermal insulation, biocompatibility and moisture absorption and breathability performance.
These advantages indicate potential applications of cotton fabrics in protective clothing and human health.
However, natural cotton fabric is flammable and will rapidly burn.
This drawback limits the use of cotton fabrics.
Therefore, treating cotton fabrics to obtain a fire-resistant fabric is important.
Firefighters, or those exposed to flames on a regular basis, rely on flame-retardant cotton for both protection and comfort.
Typically, their undergarments beneath the heavier fire-resistant gear are made of flame-retardant cotton or another breathable, organic fabric that has been treated to resist ignition.
Polymers containing nitrogen, sodium, and phosphorus atoms can work as materials for fire-resistant cellulosic textiles, such as cotton or rayon.
Specifically, organic polymers can work as a Flame Retardant HF-4 due to the presence of one or all three types of these elements.
These atoms can be in the original polymers, or they can be incorporated by chemical modification.
Flame Retardant HF-4 materials and coatings are being developed that are phosphorus and bio-based.
Environmental and health issues
The environmental behaviour of Flame Retardant HF-4 has been studied since the 1990s.
Mainly brominated Flame Retardant HF-4 were found in many environmental compartments and organisms including humans, and some individual substances were found to have toxic properties.
Therefore, alternatives have been demanded by authorities, NGOs and equipment manufacturers. The EU-funded collaborative research project ENFIRO (EU research project FP7: 226563, concluded in 2012) started out from the assumption that not enough environmental and health data were known of alternatives to the established brominated flame retardants.
In order to make the evaluation fully comprehensive, Flame Retardant HF-4 was decided to compare also material and fire performance as well as attempt a life-cycle assessment of a reference product containing halogen free versus brominated flame retardants.
About a dozen halogen free Flame Retardant HF-4 was studied representing a large variety of applications, from engineering plastics, printed circuit boards, encapsulants to textile and intumescent coatings.
