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Flame retardants are a diverse group of chemicals that are added to manufactured materials, such as plastics and textiles, and surface finishes and coatings.
Flame retardants are activated by the presence of an ignition source and prevent or slow the further development of flames by a variety of different physical and chemical mechanisms.
They may be added as a copolymer during the polymerisation process, or later added to the polymer at a moulding or extrusion process or (particularly for textiles) applied as a topical finish.
Cas No: “Flame retardant” is not a single chemical substance; Flame retardants is a general term used for flame-retardant substances.
Therefore, Flame retardants does not have a single CAS number.
Chemical Name:Flame retardants
CBNumber:CB6516648
Molecular Weight:0
Synonyms: FLAME RETARDANT,NP SERIES,Fireredart,Texnology ZRJ;FLAME RETARDANTS,FLAME RETARDANT HALOGEN FREE
Description
A flame retardant is a chemical substance added to manufactured items like plastics, electronics, and textiles to slow or prevent the spread of fire.
Flame retardants are a class of additives that can prevent the ignition of polymer materials or inhibit the spread of flames.
Mineral flame retardants are typically additive, while organohalogen and organophosphorus compounds can be either reactive or additive.
A flame retardant is a chemical substance that makes things harder to burn.
Some flame retardants are minerals or inorganic compounds like antimony trioxide or asbestos.
Other flame retardants are special types of plastics and polymers.
There are several ways flame retardants work. Some absorb heat when they are heated, stopping the thing from igniting.
Others stop the heat from the fire from going into the thing.
Flame retardants are used in textiles and bedding to prevent them from burning easily.
Flame retardants are substances added to materials to slow down or prevent the ignition and spread of fire.
They are widely used in plastics, textiles, electronic equipment, construction materials, coatings, foams, and other industrial products to improve fire safety.
Flame retardants can work through different mechanisms, such as absorbing heat, releasing non-flammable gases, forming a protective char layer, or interfering with the chemical reactions involved in combustion.
Uses
Flame retardants can increase the flame resistance of synthetic materials such as plastics, rubber, fibers, coatings, and materials such as wood, increase their oxygen index, and prevent them from catching fire or inhibiting the spread of flames.
Use
Cotton fabrics have been frequently used worldwide because of their advantageous properties with regard to thermal insulation, biocompatibility and moisture absorption and breathability performance.
These advantages indicate potential applications of cotton fabrics in protective clothing and human health.
However, natural cotton fabric is flammable and will rapidly burn.
This drawback limits the use of cotton fabrics.
Therefore, treating cotton fabrics to obtain a fire-resistant fabric is important.
Firefighters, or those exposed to flames on a regular basis, rely on flame-retardant cotton for both protection and comfort.
Typically, their undergarments beneath the heavier fire-resistant gear are made of flame-retardant cotton or another breathable, organic fabric that has been treated to resist ignition.
Polymers containing nitrogen, sodium, and phosphorus atoms can work as materials for fire-resistant cellulosic textiles, such as cotton or rayon.
Specifically, organic polymers can work as a flame retardant due to the presence of one or all three types of these elements.
These atoms can be in the original polymers, or they can be incorporated by chemical modification.
Flame retardant materials and coatings are being developed that are phosphorus and bio-based.
Classes
Both reactive and additive flame retardants types can be further separated into four distinct classes:
Minerals such as aluminium hydroxide (ATH), magnesium hydroxide (MDH), huntite and hydromagnesite,various hydrates, red phosphorus, and boron compounds, mostly borates.
Organohalogen compounds.
This class includes organochlorines such as chlorendic acid derivatives and chlorinated paraffins; organobromines such as decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (a replacement for decaBDE), polymeric brominated compounds such as brominated polystyrenes, brominated carbonate oligomers (BCOs), brominated epoxy oligomers (BEOs), tetrabromophthalic anyhydride, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD).
Most but not all halogenated flame retardants are used in conjunction with a synergist to enhance their efficiency.
Antimony trioxide is widely used, but other forms of antimony such as the pentoxide and sodium antimonate are also used.
Organophosphorus compounds.
This class includes organophosphates such as triphenyl phosphate (TPP), resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphate) (RDP), bisphenol A diphenyl phosphate (BADP), and tricresyl phosphate (TCP); phosphonates such as dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP); and phosphinates such as aluminium diethyl phosphinate.
In one important class of flame retardants, compounds contain both phosphorus and a halogen. Such compounds include tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (brominated tris) and chlorinated organophosphates such as tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (chlorinated tris or TDCPP) and tetrakis(2-chlorethyl)dichloroisopentyldiphosphate (V6).
Organic compounds such as carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid.
