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GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL

CAS NUMBER: 54-28-4

EC NUMBER: 200-201-5

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C28H48O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 416.7

IUPAC NAME: (2R)-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol


Gamma-Tocopherol (γ-Tocopherol) is a tocopherol and one of the chemical compounds that comprise vitamin E. 
As a food additive, Gamma-Tocopherol has E number E308.
Gamma-Tocopherol is the major form of vitamin E in many plant seeds and in the US diet, but has drawn little attention compared with alpha-tocopherol, the predominant form of vitamin E in tissues and the primary form in supplements. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable gamma form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E
Gamma-Tocopherol found in certain nuts and seeds, with potential antioxidant activity. 

Although the exact mechanism of action of this tocopherol has yet to be fully identified, Gamma-Tocopherol appears to have the ability to scavenge free radicals, thereby protecting against oxidative damage.
Gamma-Tocopherol is a tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. 
Gamma-Tocopherol has a role as a plant metabolite, a food antioxidant and an algal metabolite. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is a vitamin E and a tocopherol.
Gamma-Tocopherol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00836368 

Gamma-Tocopherol has an unsubstituted position on the chromanol head that provides it a unique function compared to α-tocopherol, which has a fully methylated chromanol head. 
Gamma-Tocopherol is the major tocopherol found in soy and corn oil.

Gamma-Tocopherol is the most common form of vitamin E 
This is mainly attributed to the high amount of Gamma-Tocopherol in soybean and corn oils used extensively in processed foods. 

Other good food sources of Gamma-Tocopherol include: 

-black walnuts

-sesame seeds

-pecans

-pistachios

-English walnuts

-flaxseeds

-pumpkin seeds

Also, vitamin E supplements with a high concentration of Gamma-Tocopherol are now commonplace.

Gamma-Tocopherol is the most prevalent form of vitamin E in the diet, found especially in plant seeds, vegetable oils and nuts.
Gamma tocopherol has distinctive chemical properties that differentiate it from alpha tocopherol and may explain the observed differences in the biological effects of these two forms of vitamin E.

gamma tocopherol is a potent defender against disease-provoking compounds in the body known as reactive nitrogen oxides.
Gamma-Tocopherol is a lipophilic antioxidant that functions synergistically with other antioxidants like vitamins A and C, selenium

Gamma-Tocopherol is also involved in the metabolism of all cells, protects vitamin A and essential fatty acids from oxidation in the body cells and prevents breakdown of body tissues.
Gamma-Tocopherol is also significantly much more abundant than α-tocopherol in meat products

Gamma-Tocopherol is the most prevalent form of vitamin E in many seed oils and is the major form of vitamin E in the U.S. diet. 
Gamma-Tocopherol has greater functionability in some processes than other forms of vitamin E such as a greater ability to trap lipophilic electrophiles. 

In addition, Gamma-Tocopherol has functions unique from other forms of vitamin E, as in its ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and as a natriuretic.
Gamma-Tocopherol has been suggested that Gamma-Tocopherol may be able to protect against cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer.

Gamma-Tocopherol is involved in immune function, cell signaling, regulation of gene expression, and other metabolic processes. 
Gamma-Tocopherol also inhibits lipid oxidation by donating its phenolic hydrogen to lipid free radicals.

Gamma-Tocopherol is a group of chemicals that are part of the vitamin E family. 


BENEFITS:
*Protecting the brain

*Improved heart health

*Reduced risk of cancer

*Preventing osteoporosis

*Improved gastrointestinal health

*Hair and skin health

Gamma-Tocopherol is a group of eight fat soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.
Gamma-Tocopherol deficiency, which is rare and usually due to an underlying problem with digesting dietary fat rather than from a diet low in vitamin E, can cause nerve problems.

Gamma-Tocopherol is a fat-soluble antioxidant which may help protect cell membranes from reactive oxygen species.
Gamma-Tocopherol is a vitamin that dissolves in fat. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is found in many foods including vegetable oils, cereals, meat, poultry, eggs, and fruits.
Gamma-Tocopherol is an important vitamin required for the proper function of many organs in the body. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is also an antioxidant. 
Gamma-Tocopherol that occurs naturally in foods (RRR-alpha-tocopherol) is different from man-made vitamin E that is in supplements (all-rac-alpha-tocopherol).

Gamma-Tocopherol is used for treating vitamin E deficiency, which is rare, but can occur in people with certain genetic disorders and in very low-weight premature infants. 
Gamma-Tocopherol is also used for many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these other uses.

Gamma-Tocopherol is a nutrient that's important to vision, reproduction, and the health of your blood, brain and skin.
Gamma-Tocopherol also has antioxidant properties. 
Gamma-Tocopherol helps maintain healthy skin and eyes, and strengthen the body's natural defence against illness and infection (the immune system).

Good sources of Gamma-Tocopherol:
Gamma-Tocopherol is a group of compounds found in a wide variety of foods.

Good sources include:
*plant oils – such as rapeseed (vegetable oil), sunflower, soya, corn and olive oil

*nuts and seeds

*wheatgerm – found in cereals and cereal product

Gamma-Tocopherol is a fat-soluble nutrient found in many foods. 
In the body, Gamma-Tocopherol acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals

What foods provide Gamma-Tocopherol?
Gamma-Tocopherol is found naturally in foods and is added to some fortified foods. 

*Vegetable oils like wheat germ, sunflower, and safflower oils are among the best sources of Gamma-Tocopherol. 
Corn and soybean oils also provide some Gamma-Tocopherol.

*Nuts (such as peanuts, hazelnuts, and, especially, almonds) and seeds (like sunflower seeds) are also among the best sources of Gamma-Tocopherol.

*Green vegetables, such as spinach and broccoli, provide some Gamma-Tocopherol.

*Food companies add Gamma-Tocopherol to some breakfast cereals, fruit juices, margarines and spreads, and other foods. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is fat-soluble (can dissolve in fats and oils) and is found in seeds, nuts, leafy green vegetables, and vegetable oils. 
Gamma-Tocopherol boosts the immune system and helps keep blood clots from forming. 

Gamma-Tocopherol also helps prevent cell damage caused by free radicals (highly reactive chemicals). 
Gamma-Tocopherol is being studied in the prevention and treatment of some types of cancer. 
Gamma-Tocopherol is a type of antioxidant. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is found in many moisturizers, and the oil may be used as a moisturizer to prevent or treat dry, flaking skin.
Gamma-Tocopherol cannot treat allergic reactions, infections, and other issues that cause skin itching.

Because it moisturizes the skin, however, it may offer temporary relief from itching caused by dry skin.
Keeping skin well moisturised may help to prevent dry skin, and prevent symptoms such as itchiness. 
Any kind of oil safe for skin may offer these benefits.

Gamma-Tocopherol may alleviate the dryness, itching, and flaking associated with eczema, or atopic dermatitis.
Gamma-Tocopherol oil might be a good option for people who want to avoid prescription remedies and who have mild psoriasis.

Gamma-Tocopherol oil’s moisturizing benefits may also support nail health by preventing cracked cuticles and dry skin around the nail bed
Gamma-Tocopherol is most widely recognized for its antioxidant function that terminates the self-perpetuating cycle of lipid peroxidation. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is a series of fat-soluble compounds called tocopherols. 
Fat-soluble means it can dissolve in fats and oils.

Gamma-Tocopherol is a major antioxidant in the body. 
Gamma-Tocopherol works with selenium to help prevent the breakdown of certain enzymes that are vital to the body's metabolism. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is found in all cell membranes of the body. 
Gamma-Tocopherol protects them from oxidative damage.

Medically Valid Uses:
Gamma-Tocopherol has been used to treat respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies. 
Gamma-Tocopherol prevents disease of the retina (retrolental fibroplasia) in preterm babies on oxygen. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is a potent antioxidant in the human body. 
Gamma-Tocopherol helps the immune system fight infections. 

Gamma-Tocopherol widens blood vessels. 
This helps to keep clots from forming in them.

Gamma-Tocopherol may help:
-Treat cystic fibrosis
-Treat breast disease
-Treat leg muscle pains
-Improve wound healing
-Prevent heart disease
-Improve sexual function
-Athletic performance
-Scar healing
-Prevent Alzheimer's disease


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 416.7    

-XLogP3-AA: 10.3    

-Exact Mass: 416.365430770

-Monoisotopic Mass: 416.365430770    

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų    

-Physical Description: Clear, viscous, pale yellow oil which oxidises and darkens on exposure to air or light

-Color: pale yellow

-Form: Solid

-Solubility: 128 mg/mL

-Refractive Index: [n]D/20 1,503-1,507

-Collision Cross Section: 207.9 Ų [M-H]-


γ-Tocopherol (Gamma-Tocopherol) is a tocopherol and one of the chemical compounds that comprise vitamin E. 
As a food additive, it has E number E308.
Gamma-Tocopherol is the major form of vitamin E in many plant seeds and in the US diet, but has drawn little attention compared with alpha-tocopherol, the predominant form of vitamin E in tissues and the primary form in supplements. 

Gamma-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable gamma form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E
Gamma-Tocopherol found in certain nuts and seeds, with potential antioxidant activity. 


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: 

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1    

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2    

-Rotatable Bond Count: 12

-Heavy Atom Count: 30    

-Formal Charge: 0    

-Complexity: 475    

-Isotope Atom Count: 0    

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 3    

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0    

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0    

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0    

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1    

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes


Gamma-Tocopherol is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. 
Gamma-Tocopherol has a role as a plant metabolite, a food antioxidant and an algal metabolite. 
Gamma-Tocopherol is a vitamin E and a tocopherol.

Gamma-Tocopherol is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00836368 
Gamma-Tocopherol has an unsubstituted position on the chromanol head that provides it a unique function compared to α-tocopherol, which has a fully methylated chromanol head. 
Gamma-Tocopherol is the major tocopherol found in soy and corn oil.

Gamma-Tocopherol is the most common form of vitamin E 
This is mainly attributed to the high amount of Gamma-Tocopherol in soybean and corn oils used extensively in processed foods. 
Gamma-Tocopherol is the most prevalent form of vitamin E in the diet, found especially in plant seeds, vegetable oils and nuts.

Gamma tocopherol has distinctive chemical properties that differentiate it from alpha tocopherol and may explain the observed differences in the biological effects of these two forms of vitamin E.
gamma tocopherol is a potent defender against disease-provoking compounds in the body known as reactive nitrogen oxides.
Gamma-Tocopherol is a lipophilic antioxidant that functions synergistically with other antioxidants like vitamins A and C, selenium

Gamma-Tocopherol is also involved in the metabolism of all cells, protects vitamin A and essential fatty acids from oxidation in the body cells and prevents breakdown of body tissues.
Gamma-Tocopherol is also significantly much more abundant than α-tocopherol in meat products

Gamma-Tocopherol is the most prevalent form of vitamin E in many seed oils and is the major form of vitamin E in the U.S. diet. 
Gamma-Tocopherol has greater functionability in some processes than other forms of vitamin E such as a greater ability to trap lipophilic electrophiles. 


SYNONYMS: 

gamma-Tocopherol
D-gamma-Tocopherol
(+)-gamma-Tocopherol
7,8-Dimethyltocol
RRR-gamma-Tocopherol
(2R)-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol
(R)-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol
(2R)-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol
Methyltocols
o-Xylotocopherol
.gamma.-Tocopherol
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-, (2R)-
gamma-Tocopherol, d-
(R,R,R)-gamma-Tocopherol
7,8-Dimethyltocolo-xylotocopherol
tocopherol gamma
Vitamin E gamma
3,4-Dihydro-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, (2R)-
(+)-g-Tocopherol
(+)-y-Tocopherol
(+)-.gamma.-Tocopherol
6-Chromanol, 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-
(2R)-3,4-dihydro-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol
(+)-gamma-Tocopherol, >=96% (HPLC)
(+)-gamma-Tocopherol, analytical standard
2,7,8-Trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol
(+)-gamma-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) solution, 1.0 mg/mL in methanol, ampule of 1 mL, certified reference material
(2R(2R*(4R*,8R*)))-3,4-Dihydro-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-benzopyran-6-ol
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol,3,4-dihydro-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-, (2R)-
 

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