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GELLAN GUM

CAS NO:71010-52-1
EC NO:275-117-5

Gellan gum is a water-soluble anionic polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea (formerly Pseudomonas elodea based on the taxonomic classification at the time of its discovery).The gellan-producing bacterium was discovered and isolated by the former Kelco Division of Merck & Company, Inc. in 1978 from the lily plant tissue from a natural pond in Pennsylvania. 
Gellan gum was initially identified as a substitute gelling agent at significantly lower use level to replace agar in solid culture media for the growth of various microorganisms.
Gellan gums initial commercial product with the trademark as Gelrite gellan gum, was subsequently identified as a suitable agar substitute as gelling agent in various clinical bacteriological media.

Chemical structure
The repeating unit of the polymer is a tetrasaccharide, which consists of two residues of D-glucose and one of each residues of L-rhamnose and D-glucuronic acid. The tetrasaccharide repeat has the following structure:
[D-Glc(β1→4)D-GlcA(β1→4)D-Glc(β1→4)L-Rha(α1→3)]n

Gellan gum products are generally put into two categories, low acyl and high acyl depending on number of acetate groups attached to the polymer. The low acyl gellan gum products form firm, non-elastic, brittle gels, whereas the high acyl gellan gum forms soft and elastic gels.

Microbiological gelling agent
Gellan gum is initially used as a gelling agent, alternative to agar, in microbiological culture. 
Gellan gum is able to withstand 120 °C heat. 
Gellan gum was identified as an especially useful gelling agent in culturing thermophilic microorganisms.One needs only approximately half the amount of gellan gum as agar to reach an equivalent gel strength, though the exact texture and quality depends on the concentration of the divalent cations present. 
Gellan gum is also used as gelling agent in plant cell culture on Petri dishes, as it provides a very clear gel, facilitating light microscopical analyses of the cells and tissues. Although advertised as being inert, experiments with the moss Physcomitrella patens have shown that choice of the gelling agent—agar or Gelrite—does influence phytohormone sensitivity of the plant cell culture.

Food science
As a food additive, gellan gum was first approved for food use in Japan (1988). Gellan gum has subsequently been approved for food, non-food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses by many other countries such as US, Canada, China, Korea and the European Union etc. 
Gellan gum is widely used as a thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer. 
Gellan gum has E number E418. 
Gellan gum was an integral part of the now defunct Orbitz soft drink. 
Gellan gum is used as the gelling agent, as an alternative to gelatin, in the manufacture of vegan varieties of "gum" candies.

Gellan gum is used in plant-based milks to keep plant protein suspended in the milk. 
Gellan gum has also become popular in haute cuisine, and in particular in molecular gastronomy and other scientifically-informed schools of cooking, to make flavorful gels; British chef Heston Blumenthal and American chef Wylie Dufresne are generally considered to be the earliest chefs to incorporate gellan into high-end restaurant cooking, but other chefs have since adopted the innovation.

Gellan gum, when properly hydrated, can be used in ice cream and sorbet recipes that behave as a fluid gel after churning. The benefit of using gellan gum is that the ice cream or sorbet can be set in a dish of flaming alcohol without actually melting.

What is gellan gum? 
Gellan gum is a food additive typically used to bind, stabilize, or texturize processed foods. 
Gellan gum’s similar to other gelling agents, including guar gum, carrageenan, agar agar, and xanthan gum.

Gellan gum grows naturally on water lilies but can be artificially produced by fermenting sugar with a specific strain of bacteria (2Trusted Source).

Gellan gum’s a popular replacement for other gelling agents because it’s effective in very small amounts and produces a clear gel that isn’t sensitive to heat.

Gellan gum also works as a plant-based alternative to gelatin, which is derived from animal skin, cartilage, or bone.

SUMMARY
Gellan gum is an additive used to bind, stabilize, or texturize foods. While naturally occurring, it’s also produced commercially via bacterial fermentation.

How is gellan gum used?
Gellan gum has a variety of uses.

As a gelling agent, it lends a creamy texture to desserts, gives fillings for baked goods a jelly-like consistency, and reduces the likelihood that certain delicacies — such as creme brûlée or flaming sorbet — will melt when subjected to heat.

Gellan gum is also commonly added to fortified juices and plant milks to help stabilize supplemental nutrients like calcium, keeping them mixed into the beverage rather than pooled at the bottom of the container.

This additive likewise has medical and pharmaceutical applications for tissue regeneration, allergy relief, dental care, bone repair, and drug manufacturing.

Gellan gum has gelling, stabilizing, and texture-enhancing properties, as well as several pharmaceutical uses.

Foods that contain gellan gum

Beverages: fortified plant-based milks and juices, chocolate milk, and some alcoholic drinks
Confectioneries: candy, marshmallows, fillings for baked goods, and chewing gum
Dairy: fermented milk, cream, yogurt, processed cheese, and some unripened cheeses
Fruit and vegetable products: fruit purées, marmalades, jams, jellies, and some dried fruit and vegetables
Packaged foods: breakfast cereals, as well as some noodles, potato gnocchi, bread, rolls, and gluten-free or low-protein pastas
Sauces and spreads: salad dressings, ketchup, mustard, gravies, custards, and some sandwich spreads
Other foods: some processed meats, fish roe, soups, broths, condiments, powdered sugar, and syrups
Gellan gum is particularly popular in vegan packaged foods because it’s a plant-based alternative to gelatin.

SUMMARY
Gellan gum is added to various beverages, confectioneries, sauces, spreads, packaged foods, and dairy products. 
Gellan gum’s also a popular substitute for gelatin in vegan products.

Gellan gum is considered a safe food additive, though it may slow your digestion.

Gellan gum is a polysaccharide produced by fermentation of a pure culture of Sphingomonas elodea. After the fermentation process, it is dried and milled into powder for use in a variety of applications.

Gellan gum is a soluble dietary fiber. This multifunctional gelling agent can be used alone or in combination with other products to produce a wide variety of interesting textures.  Low acyl gellan gum products form firm, non-elastic, brittle gels, whereas high acyl gellan gum forms soft, very elastic, non-brittle gels. Varying the ratios of the two forms of gellan produces a wide variety of textures.

Uses for Gellan Gum

Function
Gelling
Stabilizing
Suspending
Film-forming
Structuring

Applications
Beverages
Food
Personal Care
Oral Care
Household

Gellan gum is a polysaccharide produced by fermentation. This multi-functional hydrocolloid can be used at low levels in a wide variety of products that require gelling, texturizing, stabilizing, suspending, film-forming and structuring.

Gellan gum is extremely effective in forming "fluid gels". This type of system is extremely pseudoplastic and highly efficient at suspending a wide variety of solids and liquids, including emulsified oil droplets, herbs, fruit pulp and cocoa.

-Hydrocolloid sourced from the microorganism sphingomonoas elodea
-Perfect for creating beautiful fluid gels and particulate suspension
-Forms clear, non-elastic gels, only a small amount is needed
-Cold/hot soluble, heat stable


DESCRIPTION
Gellan Gum is a low acyl gelling agent that can be used alone or in combination with other products to produce a wide variety of interesting textures. 
Gellan gum is a type of hydrocolloid created from the microorganism Sphingomonas elodea. 
Gellan Gum is a water-soluble polysaccharide produced through fermentation. This gelling agent can be used alone or in combination with other starches and hydrocolloids products to produce a wide variety of interesting textures. Blend with Gellan LT100 to reduce brittleness. pH level must be above 4 for gellation. 

    
Gellan gum is a high molecular weight polysaccharide gum produced by a pure culture fermentation of a carbohydrate by Pseudomonas elodea, purified by recovery with isopropyl alcohol, dried, and milled. The high molecular weight polysaccharide is principally composed of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of one rhamnose, one glucuronic acid, and two glucose units, and is substituted with acyl (glyceryl and acetyl) groups as the O-glycosidically-linked esters. The glucuronic acid is neutralized to a mixed potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salt. 
Gellan gum usually contains a small amount of nitrogen containing compounds resulting from the fermentation procedures.

Gellan Gum is a pompous polysaccharide from the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea. This bacterium is found on the lotus leaf. Naturally, polysaccharide production and gelan gum are obtained.

Gellan Gum will come in two faiths according to acidity. The low acid type forms inelastic, brittle, hard gels. The working pH range is wide.

Width=high structures form soft and elastic jelly. Easy to use. The most important feature of Gellan Gum is the advantage in features. Transparent jelly or other transparent food is preferred because it can also be imaged.

Pulp juices, salad dressings and jellies come first.

Gellan gum, or gellan gum, is a food additive discovered in the 1970s.

Originally used as a substitute for gelatin and agar agar, it is now found in a variety of processed foods, including jams, candy, meat, and fortified plant milks.

Since its discovery over three decades ago, gellan gum has become a common additive in the food, beverage, personal care, industrial cleaners and papermaking markets, especially in the last 15 years. Some of the primary functions and uses of Gellan gum include:

– Helping to create a gel-like consistency within substances.

– To help prevent settling or separation in food and industrial products.

– To texturize, stabilize or bind food ingredients in a uniform manner.

– Aiding flexibility, configuration and suspension.

– To prevent the components from changing form due to temperature changes.

– Providing gel base for cellular experiments performed in Petri dishes

– Alternatively, gelatin is used in vegetarian food products.

– Used to provide a smooth feel in cosmetics and beauty products.

– Gellan gum is used in gastronomy dishes (especially in desserts) to prevent the materials from melting.

– And it has a variety of other uses, including creating movies.


What is Gellan Gum?
Gellan gum is a food additive used to bind and stabilize processed foods. 
Gellan gum is similar to other gelling agents, including guar gum, carrageenan, agar agar, and xanthan gum.

Gellan gum grows naturally, but can also be produced artificially by fermenting the sugar with a specific strain of bacteria.

Gellan gum is used in place of other popular gelling agents because it is effective in very small amounts and produces a clear gel that is not heat sensitive.

Gellan gum is also a plant-based alternative to gelatin derived from animal skin, cartilage or bone.

Can be used for texturing and stabilization in food preparation
The most common use of Gellan gum is either alone or mixed with other products/stabilizers to prevent separation of ingredients when cooking, preparing desserts or baking.

Gellan gum is very useful for adding to purees or a gel consistency, especially since it does not change the color or taste of foods. In addition, it does not turn into liquid even when heated, it preserves its structure.

Thanks to its ability to increase viscosity, gellan gum can produce a wide variety of interesting liquid textures, including thicker liquids, marinades, sauces or vegetable purees.

What Foods Is Gellan Gum Found In?
Gellan gum can be found in a variety of foods:

Beverages
Plant-based milk and juices, chocolate milk and some alcoholic beverages
confectionery
Candy, Turkish delight and chewing gum

Milk
Fermented milk, cream, yogurt, processed cheese and unripe cheeses
fruit and vegetable products
Fruit purees, marmalades, jams, jellies, and some dried fruits and vegetables

Packaged foods
Breakfast cereals, as well as some noodles, breads, and gluten-free or low-protein pastas
sauces
Salad dressings, ketchup, mustard, custard and sandwich varieties

other foods
Some processed meats, roe, soups, broths, seasonings, powdered sugar, and syrups

Gellan gum is particularly popular in vegan packaged foods because it is a plant-based alternative to gelatin. 
Gellan gum is listed as gellan gum or E418 on food labels.

Function
Main attributes of gellan gum in baking include:

Gelling agent: produces an elastic and thermoreversible gel similar to gelatin.
Thickener: mainly in jellies
Binding agent: essential for vegan and gluten-free products.
Stabilizing agent
Flavor release agent: provides excellent flavor release in fruit jellies.
Improves water holding capacity during processing and storage
Reduces oil uptake and aids in formation of films or coat barriers.

Application
Vegan and gluten-free baked goods can benefit from gellan gum’s binding capacity and organic origin, thus making it a suitable partial substitute for eggs and wheat flour.In jellies and fillings it improves texture while providing excellent flavor release in comparison with other gums.

Steps for incorporating this into formulations:

High-acyl gellan gum is heated up to 85 – 95 oC (185 – 203 oF) in a solution with less than 40% soluble solids, with water or milk as media and calcium citrate. Agitation is needed for gel formation.
Low-acyl gellan gum is heated up to 75 oC (167oF) in water or milk as media, with calcium citrate. Agitation is needed for gel formation. Salt concentration should not exceed 1.3%.

Gellan gum (also known as Phytagel, Gelzan, Gelrite, or Applied gel) is a water soluble anionic polysaccharide produced by fermentation of a carbohydrate by pseudomonas Elodea, purified, dried, and powdered.
Gellan gum is ideal for preparation of nutrient media for in plant tissue culture work and is a substitute for agar. Gels produced with gellan gum are clearer in comparison to agar. However, the gel is more rigid and brittle than agar gel.
Gellan gum requires roughly half the amount of agar that is needed.
Gellan gum melts at 80°C– 100°C and gels between 10°C-50°C.

Gellan gum is a natural ingredient that has found a versatile role within the food and beverage industries. 
Gellan Gum’s properties make it a multifunctional gelling agent that offer stability and unique textures. To meet the growing need for organic-compliant and sustainable ingredients, more producers rely on this gelling agent for clean label food manufacturing solutions.

Gellan Gum Application
Gellan gum’s characteristics make it a valuable ingredient in food production, personal care products, and other applications.

In food manufacturing, Gellan is a popular choice in:

Gelled Confections
Chocolate Milk
Soy Milk
Plant Based Beverages
RTD Protein Beverages
Fruit Juices
Sauces
Salad Dressings
Yogurts
Confectionary Foods
Fruit Preparations
Spreadable Jams
Low-Sugar Jams
Bake-Stable Jams

Gellan gum is available in high-acyl and low-acyl grades, which are distinguished by further processing. Both types of gellan gum are exudates derived from the fermentation process of certain microorganisms.

High-acyl gellan gum – This type, also referred to as native gellan, is recovered after fermentation through a process called alcohol precipitation. High-acyl gellan gum yields a soft, elastic gel after heating and cooling. This gel is particularly versatile due to its thermal reversibility and suspension properties.

Low-acyl gellan gum – Like high-acyl, this grade also solubilizes when heated. But once cooled, it forms firm, thermally stable gels. Low-acyl gellan gum requires calcium to produce maximum gel strength.

Gellan Gum is an agar substitute and gelling agent, and useful in a wide variety of immobilization matricies.

Description    
Gellan gum is a kind of anionic polysaccharide produced through the submerged fermentation of the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea. 
Gellan Gum is soluble in water. 
Gellan Gum is a polymer with tetrascharide being the repeating unit; the tetrascharide consists of two residues of D-glucose and one of each residue of L-rhamnose and D-glucuronic acid. 
Gellan Gum can be used as a gelling, texturizing and suspension hydrocolloid. 
Gellan Gum is a suitable agar substitute which can be supplemented to various kinds of growth media for microbes, especially thermophilic microorganisms because of its resistance to relatively high temperature (120 degree). 
Gellan Gum can also be used as gelling agent in plant cell culture on Petri dishes. 
Gellan Gum can also be used as a food additive, e.g. 
Gellan Gum can be used in plant based milks to keep plant protein suspended in the milk. 

Chemical Properties    
A high molecular weight polysaccharide gum produced by a pureculture fermentation of a carbohydrate with Pseudomonas elodea, and purified by recovery with isopropyl alcohol, dried, and milled. 
Gellan Gum is a heteropolysaccharide comprising a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of one rhamnose, one glucuronic acid, and two glucose units. The glucuronic acid is neutralized to mixed potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts. 
Gellan Gum may contain acyl (glyceryl and acetyl) groups as the O-glycosidically linked ester. 
Gellan Gum occurs as an off-white powder that is soluble in hot or cold deionized water.

Uses    
Gellan Gum is used as a gelling agent, thickener, and stabilizer in cosmetic preparations.

Uses    
Gellan Gum is a gum obtained by fermentation of the microorganism sphingomonas elodea. the constituent sugars are glucose, glucuronic acid, and rhamnose in the molecular ratio of 2:1:1, being linked together to give a primary structure consisting of a linear tetrasac- charine repeating unit. direct recovery yields the gum in its native or high acyl form in which two acyl substituents, acetate and glycerate, are present. gels from that form are elastic and cohesive. recovery after deacetylation has the acyl groups removed to yield the low acyl form; those gels are strong and brittle. in general, high acyl gellan gum dispersed in water swells to form a thick suspension and upon heating, it loses its viscosity upon hydration. low acyl gellan gum is only partially soluble in cold water and is dissolved by heating to 70°c or greater. gelation occurs upon cooling and reaction with ions, predominantly calcium ions. gellan gum is sensitive to ions. uses include bakery fruit fillings, confectioneries, icings, dairy prod- ucts, beverages, and coatings.

IUPAC names
Gellan gum
GELLAN GUM POWDER

SYNONYMS:
AGAR SUBSTITUTE GELLING AGENT
phytagel plant cell culture tested
GELRITEGELLANGURI
GELLAN GUM POWDER
Agar substitute gelling agent, Gellan Gum
GelzanTM CM
K9A-40
GELRITE
GELRITE GELLAN GUM
GELRITE(R)
GELRITE(TM)
GELRITE(TM) GELLAN GUM
GEL-GRO(TM)
GELLAN
GELLAN GUM
GELLUM GUM
GUM GELLAN
Phytagel(Gellan gum)
E 418
FG 2250
Gel Up J 3200
Gel Up WA 100
Phytagel plantcell
Phytagel
Gelzan? CM
PHYTAGEL(TM)
D-Glucopyranuronicacid,polymerwith6-deoxy-L-mannopyranoseandD-glucopyranose,acetate,calciumpotassiumsodiumsalt
GELLAN GUM, CULTUREGEL
GELZAN
Gelzan™
Phytagel™
Phytagar
Gelzan(TM) CM Gelrite(R)
GELLAN GUM USP/BP/EP
Gellan Gummi
GELZAN CM Gellan Gum /Gellangum
Gellan Gum CAS 71010-52-1 Low Acly High Gel Strength

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