GINKGO BILOBA LEAF EXTRACT

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is the dried leaf extract of Ginkgo ginkgo species Ginkgo (GinkgobilobaL) Ginkgo biloba Leaf extracts main component is flavonoids and terpene lactones and has a variety of health functions. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is widely used in food and cosmetics.
Ginkgo has a long history of use in treating blood disorders and memory issues. 

CAS Number: 90045-36-6
EINECS Number: 289-896-4

Synonyms: 10:1 purification aqueous extract, 90045-36-624/6 GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT 24/6;Ginkgo biloba leaves tea bag cut;Ginkgo biloba Ext.Ginkgolic acid max 5ppm;Ginkgo biloba Extract 24/6 5ppm (HPLC);GinkgoBilobaExtract26/6WaterSoluble;GINKGOBILOBAEXTRAKT;GINKGOBILOBA,STANDARDIZEDEXTRACT,POWDER;GINKGO BILOBA LEAF EXTRACT

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is best known today as way to potentially keep your memory sharp. Laboratory studies have shown that ginkgo improves blood circulation by opening up blood vessels and making blood less sticky. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is also an antioxidant.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract contains many different flavone glycosides and terpenoides. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract has an antioxidant action as a free radical scavenger, and offers excellent at whitening and anti-inflammation benefits. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract can be used for brightening skin, anti-wrinkle, after-sun care, and hair care applications. 

It also has effect on improving pouches and dark cirles under the eyes.
The leaf Ginkgo biloba has a complex chemical composition. 
People has isolated out more than 140 kinds of compounds from Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract. 

Flavonoids and terpene lactones compound are the two main functional components. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract flavonoid is also known as single flavonoids, mainly as glycosidase form of kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract belongs to a terpene, consists of the times of abundant terpene lactones and diterpene lactone, further mainly as ginkgo esters and ginkgolide. 

Besides, Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract also contains Polyprenols, organic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids, phenols and trace elements.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is extracted by an extremely complex multistep process that concentrates the active constituents and removes the toxic ginkgolic acid. 
The ginkgo extract is a complex mixture of both polar and nonpolar components . 

The more polar fractions contain flavonol and flavone glycosides. 
The more nonpolar fractions contain some diterpene lactones, known as ginkgetin, ginkgolic acid, and isoginkgetin, and some interesting caged diterpenes known as ginkgolide A, B, C, J, and M. 
There is also a 15-carbon sesquiterpene (bilobalide) and other minor components.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is prepared by picking the leaves, drying them, and constituting them into an acetone-water extract that is standardized to contain 24% flavone glycosides and 6% terpenes. G. biloba produces vasodilating effects on both the arterial and venous circulation. 
The result is increased tissue perfusion (i.e., in the peripheral circulation) and cerebral blood flow. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract produces arterial vasodilatation (rodent models), dampens arterial spasticity, and decreases capillary permeability, capillary fragility, erythrocyte aggregation, and blood viscosity. 
There are several possible explanations for these effects. 
One possibility is that the compounds in Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract inhibit prostaglandin and thromboxane biosynthesis. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract has also been speculated that G. biloba extract has an indirect regulatory effect on catecholamines. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract B is reportedly a potent inhibitor of PAF.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is an ancient and primitive larvae relic species. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract has been growing on earth about 200 million years, as a "living fossil". 
China is the hometown of ginkgo, the current Chinese ginkgo resources accounted for 70% of the world.
Dating back to "Daily Materia Medica" published in 14th century, Ginkgo have already been used a Chinese herbal medicine folk use, first appeared in the fourteenth century among folks, mainly used for treating cough, asthma and inflammation.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract, also known as duck feet, maidenhair tree, tree duck, is deciduous trees as high as 40m. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract has a erecting trunk and gray bark. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract has both short and long branches with leaves clustering on short branches and alternating in long branches. 

It has fan blades with length 4~8cm, width 5~10cm. Its seed is named “Baiguo”.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is mainly distributed in latitude 19° 40~43° 40, longitude 97° 00~126°30, with a average annual temperature of 14 °C~18 °C. 
It grows well in a cool but warm winter and spring, and a humid and warm summer and fall. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is susceptible to frost damage in the cold of winter ( the following-20°C).
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract also grows poorly in tropic areas with long-term summer but no winter. Ginkgo biloba is widely distributed in China, located from the middle of China to the west. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract, east place such as Taiwan, west place Qinghai are planted. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is mainly planted at Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Hubei provinces. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract has also been introduced into Japan and United States.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract can inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in serum of normal body, thereby inhibiting the shrinking of small arteries, expanding blood vessels, and increasing the blood flow. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is a PAF receptor antagonist with a high degree of specificity. Ginkgo biloba extract or ginkgolides can inhibit platelet activating factor (PAF) and cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is well tolerated and can antagonize the platelet aggregation caused by PAF. 
However, Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract has no effect on the aggregation induced by ADP.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract-credited with anti-oxidant properties, it also appears to aid fibroblast cells in the production of collagen and elastin. 

This ability is attributed to a number of flavonoid fractions, including quercetin, kaempferol, and ginkgetin. 
Additionally, Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is an anti-inflammatory and may help improve a couperose condition because of a protective effect on vascular walls. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract was used in folkloric medicine as a blood vessel dilator because of its ability to increase blood flow and stimulate tissue oxygen consumption. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is considered a beneficial anti-aging ingredient. Ginkgo’s key constituents include ginkgolide and bilobalide, catechin, tannin, quercetin, and luteolin.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is an extract from the leaves of the Ginkgo Biloba tree. 
Contain flavonoids and ginkgolides (ginkgolides A, B, C, and J) which are well-known to antioxidant, regenerating, lipolytic and reepithelizing effects. 

Ideal for products for the protection of skin and hair integrity against oxidative agent. 
Very useful in anti-irritant and skin regenerating products.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is a popular supplement and one of the top-selling herbal medicines.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is collected from the dried green leaves of the plant and is available as liquid extracts, capsules, and tablets.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract, commonly known as ginkgo or gingko (/ˈɡɪŋkoʊ, ˈɡɪŋkɡoʊ/ GINK-oh, -⁠goh), also known as the maidenhair tree, is a species of gymnosperm tree native to East Asia. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is the last living species in the order Ginkgoales, which first appeared over 290 million years ago, and fossils very similar to the living species, belonging to the genus Ginkgo, extend back to the Middle Jurassic epoch approximately 170 million years ago.

The tree was cultivated early in human history and remains commonly planted, and is widely regarded as a living fossil.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is commonly used as a dietary supplement, but there is insufficient clinical evidence that it supports human health or is effective against any disease.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract the Ginkgo biloba leaves with 60% acetone.
Filter after cooling, extract with carbon tetrachloride, then add ethyl ketone and mix to separate out the acetone-butanone phases, add solid ammonium sulfate to the phase and stir for filtering off solid substance. 
Decompress and evaporate the filtrate to a concentration that containing 20%-60% solid. 

Use 50% denatured ethanol to dilute it to a concentration of 10% solid. 
Add lead hydroxide suspension and filter off the precipitate. 
The filtrate was decompressed and concentrated to half volume and then added ammonia sulfate and methyl ethyl ketone under stirring, The butanone-ethanol phase comes out after stirring; Separate out butanone-ethanol from the aqueous phase, and then add butanone into the aqueous phase, stir to separate butanone-ethanol phase for the 2nd time. 

Combine the two times butanone-ethanol phase above, add ammonium sulfate under stirring, mix and collect the aqueous phase separated out, Further dry the butanone-ethanol phase using sodium sulfate, evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. 
Dissolve the denatured viscous residue liquid with denatured ethanol residue. 
Place them for 12 hour after which precipitate separated was collected, subject to evaporation reduced pressure and vacuum drying for obtaining the final product.

Ginkgo biloba extract affect the endocrine system and affect the interaction of between the immune system and the central nervous system by inhibiting PAF. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract can promote the circulation and metabolism of the brain, improve the memory, alleviating the memory defect resulted from NaNO2. 
Its anti-hypoxia effects may be related to its effect on increasing cerebral blood flow and improve cerebral energy metabolism during hypoxia.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract can be used in the clinical treatment of stroke.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract can significantly alleviate the rat gastric and gut ulcer caused by the PAF and endotoxin, and can partially inhibit the damage effect of ethanol on stomach. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract also has potential therapeutic effect on Cirrhosis. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract B may also have effect on the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Odor: Characteristic
CAS DataBase Reference: 90045-36-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms    ginkgo biloba
FDA UNII: 19FUJ2C58T
IARC: 2B (Vol. 108) 2016

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. 
Its main functional ingredient is ginkgo flavonoids and ginkgo diterpenoid lipid compounds, wherein the flavonoids including quercetin glycosides, kaempferol, iso-buckthorn Su.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract diterpene lipid component includes ginkgolides A, B, C, J, M and bilobalide.

Ginkgo biloba extract has antioxidant activity, cardiovascular activity, anti-inflammatory activity and anti-tumor effect. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract can not only expand cardiovascular and arteries, but also protect microvascular well, thus effectively preventing vascular blockage of blood vessels and having a good precaution effect against hyperlipaemia, hypertension, diabetes and so on. 
Moreover, Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract also indirectly reduce the common eye diseases (cataract, glaucoma, vitreous opacity, retinopathy, diabetes-concurrent eye diseases, etc.). 

On one hand, Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract effectively cleans the blood, strengthens the blood vessels, prevents and treats cardiovascular disease. 
On the other hand, Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is also effective in treating brain mal-function, anti-aging, preventing cancer.

According to incomplete statistics, the current international standard of Ginkgo biloba extract is product EGb761 produced by the Schwabe patented technology of the German. 
The appearance is brown powder with a slight smell of ginkgo biloba. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba is extracted with GinkgobilobaL leaves as raw material. 

Commercially extracts are usually marked as containing 24% flavonoid glycosides, ginkgolides 6%.
There are many reports and literatures on productive technology of Ginkgo biloba extract, mainly including in the acetone extraction & lead salt precipitation, ethanol extraction & macroporous resin adsorption separation, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, alcohol extraction& Extraction & chromatography, etc., Domestic production mainly apply ethanol extraction-resin separation.

Organic solvent extraction is the mostly widely used approach. 
Owing to the significant toxicity and volatility of other organic solvents, people generally take ethanol as the extraction agent.
Remove Mildew leaves and impurities, wash, chopped and extract with 70% ethanol reflux, fractionate the extract, filtrate, decompress to recycle the ethanol, remove the debris by high-speed centrifugation, add certain amount water for dilatation and add into macroporous resin column. 

Elute the mixture with water until the eluents become clear. 
Further elute by a certain concentration of ethanol and collect the eluents. 
Concentrate Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract under reduced pressure and vacuum dry it to obtain the final extract.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba has a direct relaxant effect on trachea smooth muscle. 
Inhalation of aerosolized Ginkgo biloba extract not only inhibits bronchoconstriction, but also inhibiting the decrease of white blood cells and eosinophils cells caused by PAF. Ginkgo biloba extract has great significance in the suppression and treatment of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Ginkgo leaf extract is most popular for cognitive disorders, including memory loss, dementia, and cerebrovascular insufficiency. 
A number of well-designed clinical trials have shown modest benefit in Alzheimer’s disease, with ginkgo extract appearing as effective as second- generation cholinesterase inhibitors. 
At least one large (214 patient) study, however, failed to show a memory improvement in dementia patients. 

Studies are now under way to see whether ginkgo use will protect against development of Alzheimer’s disease.
Intermittent claudication appears to benefit from ginkgo therapy: many studies demonstrate improved walking distance and decreased pain. 
One meta-analysis of eight studies documented statistically significant improvement but questioned its clinical relevance. 

In some studies, the high doses (240 mg) appeared more effective. 
Vertigo and tinnitus are difficult to treat conditions for which ginkgo is frequently recommended. 
At least two trials support the use of gingko extract for vertigo, but the evidence for tinnitus remains inconclusive.

Other suggested uses include sexual dysfunction secondary to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), macular degeneration, premenstrual syndrome, and the prevention of acute mountain sickness at high altitude. 
Some of these uses are supported only by a single study.

Allergic reactions are a significant concern with unprocessed ginkgo leaf (ginkgolic acid) but are much less likely to occur with the leaf extract. 
The malodorous ginkgo fruit cross-reacts with poison ivy (urushiol) and may cause an identical contact dermatitis.
Children eating large numbers (>50) of the uncooked ginkgo kernels have had seizures, and consequently there is some concern about using high doses of ginkgo in seizure patients. 

However, most patients tolerate gingko extract very well, with only occasional GI upset or headache being reported, and the product is considered safe for healthy nonpregnant adults.
Bleeding complications are an infrequent but serious concern, with subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhages, hyphema (bleeding of the iris), and surgical bleeding occasionally reported. 
Stopping ginkgo administration prior to surgery and the avoidance of its use with anticoagulant drugs and perhaps with aspirin is recommended. Use of ginkgo extract should be avoided in pregnant women and children, since at least one study showed in a ginkgo preparation small amounts of colchicine, a compound that can block cellular division and cause abortion; however, it is unclear whether this is a problem in all ginkgo preparations.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract may reduce the effectiveness of thiazide diuretics for blood pressure control and at least theoretically should be avoided with MAOIs. 
There is also a suggestion that ginkgo may decrease male and female fertility, and it should be avoided in those trying to conceive.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is one of the oldest living tree species. 

Most ginkgo products are made with extract prepared from its fan-shaped leaves.
The most helpful components of ginkgo are believed to be flavonoids, which have powerful antioxidant qualities, and terpenoids, which help improve circulation by dilating blood vessels and reducing the "stickiness" of platelets.

Uses:
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract biloba has antioxidant activity, thus can be added as an antioxidant into fats and sweets. 
Total flavonoids are mostly yellow, and have a wide solubility spectrum including both water-solubility and lipid solubility, so it can play a role of coloring agent. 
People can process Ginkgo biloba into ultrafine powder and add into food. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract-finely and adding to cakes, biscuits, noodles, candy, ice cream as 5% to 10% can make Ginkgo biloba health food.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is taken as a food additive in Canada. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract has been approved in Germany and France as non-prescription drugs, Ginkgo biloba has been loaded into United States Pharmacopeia (24th edition). 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract can be used as a dietary supplement in the United States. 
There are more than 30 international Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract products including: Ginkgo leaves, Ginkgo Oral Liquid, ginkgolide injection, gingko injection, Ginkgo Biloba pills, granules Compound Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgo biloba extract, etc. 
From 2009 to 2011, sales of Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract preparation and DDDs list stably rank the top three among commonly used Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular disease.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract leaves contains a small amount of proanthocyanidins and urushiol acid, which have certain toxicity to humans. 
Processing Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract leaves as raw material for foods needs undergo a special treatment to reduce proanthocyanidins and urushiol acid. 
However, the current dose range applied has no acute, chronic toxicity, and teratogenic effects. 

In 1992, the Ministry of Health has approved Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract as a new food additive. 
In recent years, total flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract leaves have been widely used in the food industry. 
Research and development of related products has broad prospects.

The combination between Ginkgo biloba extract and skin absorption enhancer can also prevent irritation of the adhesives when using topical ointments and sticking agents, including creams, ointments, and plasters, etc. 
The skin care products containing GBE in current market include anti-aging facial cleanser, bath foam, lipstick, eye cream and so on. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract can also be used to produce hair growth, hair care products. 

Chen Yan, et al., even adds Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract into toothpaste, which has a certain anti-caries effects according to their research.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is credited with anti-oxidant properties, it also appears to aid fibroblast cells in the production of collagen and elastin. 

This ability is attributed to a number of flavonoid fractions, including quercetin, kaempferol, and ginkgetin. 
Additionally, Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is an anti-inflammatory and may help improve a couperose condition because of a protective effect on vascular walls. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract was used in folkloric medicine as a blood vessel dilator because of its ability to increase blood flow and stimulate tissue oxygen consumption. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is considered a beneficial anti-aging ingredient. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract’s key constituents include ginkgolide and bilobalide, catechin, tannin, quercetin, and luteolin.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is frequently used to improve memory and mental sharpness, particularly in older adults. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is thought to enhance blood flow to the brain, which may improve cognitive function and slow memory decline.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is commonly used in managing symptoms of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. 
Some studies suggest that ginkgo can slow the progression of cognitive decline and improve cognitive function in patients with dementia.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is known to improve circulation, particularly in the extremities (hands, legs, and feet). 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is often used to treat intermittent claudication, a condition characterized by pain caused by poor blood flow to the legs.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract may also help individuals with Raynaud’s disease, where cold temperatures trigger blood vessel spasms in the fingers and toes, leading to pain and discomfort.

Some people use ginkgo biloba to alleviate tinnitus, which may be linked to poor circulation in the ear. While the evidence is mixed, some individuals report relief from symptoms.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is sometimes used to relieve symptoms of anxiety and mood disorders. 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is believed to improve mood by balancing neurotransmitter levels, such as serotonin and dopamine, which regulate emotional well-being.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract has been used to treat sexual dysfunction caused by antidepressants (SSRIs). 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is thought to improve sexual desire, performance, and satisfaction.
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract contains powerful antioxidants, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, which help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. 

This protective effect may help prevent or slow the development of chronic conditions like heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Due to its antioxidant properties, Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract is sometimes used in anti-aging supplements to protect cells from oxidative damage and promote overall health and longevity.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract may benefit people with AMD by improving blood flow to the eyes and reducing oxidative damage that can contribute to vision loss.
Some studies suggest that ginkgo biloba can help protect against glaucoma, a condition caused by increased pressure in the eye, which leads to vision loss. 
The improved circulation and antioxidant effects of ginkgo may help protect the optic nerve.

Safety Profile:
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract may increase the risk of bleeding due to its ability to reduce platelet aggregation (blood clotting). 
This can be particularly dangerous for individuals taking anticoagulants (blood thinners) like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel. 

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract may also increase the risk of excessive bleeding during surgery or in case of injury.
People scheduled for surgery are usually advised to stop taking 
Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract at least two weeks prior to reduce the risk of bleeding.

Ginkgo biloba Leaf extract can sometimes cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, diarrhea, stomach cramps, and bloating. 
These side effects are more likely if the extract is taken on an empty stomach or in high doses.
Some people may experience allergic reactions to ginkgo biloba, particularly if they have a history of plant allergies. 
Symptoms of an allergic reaction can include skin rashes, itching, swelling, and in rare cases, anaphylaxis (a severe, life-threatening allergic response).