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Glycolic acid %70 is a chemical compound that is used in the treatment of certain skin conditions, such as acne.
Glycolic acid %70 is also used as an active ingredient in some facial peels.
Glycolic acid %70 has been shown to have beneficial effects on autoimmune diseases by inhibiting the production of glycoproteins and enzymes that are involved in inflammation.
CAS: 79-14-1
MF: C2H4O3
MW: 76.05
EINECS: 201-180-5
Synonyms
Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-;AKOS BBS-00004277;2-HYDROXYACETIC ACID;GLYCOLIC ACID, HIGH PURITY, 70 WT.% SOLU TION IN WATER;GLYCOLIC ACID REAGENTPLUS(TM) 99%;GLYCOLIC ACID SOLUTION, ~55% IN WATER;GLYCOLIC ACID, TECH., 70 WT. % SOLUTION IN WATER;GLYCOLIC ACID SIGMAULTRA;glycolic acid;2-Hydroxyacetic acid;hydroxyacetic acid;79-14-1;Hydroxyethanoic acid;Glycollic acid;Acetic acid, hydroxy-;glycolate;Polyglycolide;Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-;Caswell No. 470;Kyselina glykolova;Kyselina hydroxyoctova;2-Hydroxyethanoic acid;HOCH2COOH;alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000101;HSDB 5227;NSC 166;Kyselina glykolova [Czech];AI3-15362;MFCD00004312;Kyselina hydroxyoctova [Czech];Glycocide;GlyPure;BRN 1209322;NSC-166;EINECS 201-180-5;UNII-0WT12SX38S;GlyPure 70;0WT12SX38S;CCRIS 9474;DTXSID0025363;CHEBI:17497;.alpha.-Hydroxyacetic acid;GLYCOLLATE;DTXCID105363;NSC166;EC 201-180-5;4-03-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);GOA;GLYCOLIC ACID (MART.);GLYCOLIC ACID [MART.];C2H3O3-;Glycolate Standard: C2H3O3- @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O;glycolicacid;C2H4O3;Hydroxyethanoate;a-Hydroxyacetate;OceanBlu Barrier;OceanBlu Pre-Post;hydroxy-acetic acid;2-Hydroxyaceticacid
;3-((3S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-3-ethoxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15-;dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pyridine;alpha-Hydroxyacetate;(R)-hydroxy ester;a-Hydroxyacetic acid;2-hydroxy acetic acid;2-hydroxy-acetic acid;2-hydroxyl ethanoic acid;Glycolic acid (Standard);HO-CH2-COOH;Glycolic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;Hydroxyacetic acid solution;bmse000245;WLN: QV1Q;GLYCOLIC ACID [MI];Glycolic acid (7CI,8CI);GLYCOLIC ACID [VANDF];Glycolic acid, p.a., 98%;pari 30% Glycolic Acid Peel;pari 70% Glycolic Acid Peel;Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI);CHEMBL252557;GLYCOLIC ACID [WHO-DD];Glycolic Acid, Crystal, Reagent;HYDROXYACETIC ACID [HSDB];CHEBI:231641;BCP28762;Glycolic acid, >=97.0% (T);HY-W015967R;STR00936;Tox21_301298;s6272;STL197955;AKOS000118921;Glycolic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%;CS-W016683;DB03085;HY-W015967;SB83760;CAS-79-14-1;USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000101;NCGC00160612-01;NCGC00160612-02;NCGC00257533-01;DA-73802;1ST000963;G0110;G0196;NS00009686;EN300-19242;Glycolic acid, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%;C00160;C03547;D78078;Glycolic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;HYDROXYACETIC ACID; HYDROXYETHANOIC ACID;Glycolic acid, BioXtra, >=98.0% (titration);Q409373;J-509661;F2191-0224;Hydroxyacetic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid;Z104473274;287EB351-FF9F-4A67-B4B9-D626406C9B13;Glycolic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R);InChI=1/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5;VILLAGE 11 FACTORY RELAX DAY AHA EXFOLIATING BODY;Glycolic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%;Glycolic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;O7Z
Glycolic acid %70 has been studied extensively as a potential treatment for geriatric patients with depression-related dementia or Alzheimer's disease.
Glycolic acid %70 drug can be applied topically to the skin, or taken orally as a medication.
The mechanism of action is not well understood, but it may involve inhibition of dapagliflozin, which enhances the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and prevents phosphorylation and activation of glycogen synthase (GS).
Glycolic acid %70 has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential and increase cellular physiology by increasing ATP synthesis.
Glycolic acid %70 can also be applied topically to
Glycolic acid %70 is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
Glycolic acid %70 is mainly supplemented to various skin-care products to improve the skin’s appearance and texture.
Glycolic acid %70 can also reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation.
In textile industry, Glycolic acid %70 can be used as a dyeing and tanning agent.
Glycolic acid %70 can also be used as a flavoring agent in food processing, and as a skin care agent in the pharmaceutical industry.
Glycolic acid %70 can also be added into emulsion polymers, solvents and ink additives to improve flow properties and impart gloss.
Moreover, Glycolic acid %70 is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis including oxidative-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.
A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.
Glycolic acid %70 addresses skin issues by exfoliating dead skin cells that accumulate on the surface of the epidermis and contribute to dull, discolored, and uneven looking skin.
Glycolic acid %70 peeling that encourages the exfoliation of the superficial layers of the stratum corneum, stimulates cell regeneration, promotes the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (support molecules that provide elasticity to the skin), increases the level of hydration of the epidermis and reinforces the natural barrier function of the skin.
Glycolic acid %70's high skin tolerance and small molecular size give it a great transepidermal penetration capacity.
Indicated for all skin types.
Glycolic acid %70 is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid, highly soluble in water.
Glycolic acid %70 is used in various skin-care products.
Glycolic acid %70 is widespread in nature.
A glycolate (sometimes spelled "glycollate") is a salt or ester of glycolic acid.
Glycolic acid %70 is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.
Glycolic acid %70 has a role as a metabolite and a keratolytic drug.
Glycolic acid %70 is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a primary alcohol.
Glycolic acid %70 is functionally related to an acetic acid.
Glycolic acid %70 is a conjugate acid of a glycolate.
Glycolic acid %70 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 75-80 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 112 °C
Density: 1.25 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 10.8 hPa (80 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.424
Fp: 112°C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear
pka: 3.83(at 25℃)
Form: Solution
Color: White to off-white
PH: 2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: at 100.00 %. odorless very mild buttery
Odor Type: buttery
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,4498
BRN: 1209322
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
InChIKey: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.07 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 79-14-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Glycolic acid %70 (79-14-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: Glycolic acid %70 (79-14-1)
Glycolic acid %70, CH20HCOOH, also known as hydroxyacetic acid, is composed of colorless deliquescent leaflets that decompose at approximately 78° C (172 OF).
Glycolic acid %70 is soluble in water,alcohol,and ether.
Glycolic acid %70 is used in dyeing, tanning, electropolishing,and in foodstuffs.
Glycolic acid %70 is produced by oxidizing glycol with dilute nitric acid.
Glycolic acid %70 is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron-withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group.
The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions, forming coordination complexes.
Of particular note are the complexes with Pb2+ and Cu2+ which are significantly stronger than complexes with other carboxylic acids.
This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of its proton.
Uses
In the processing of textiles, leather, and metals; in pH control, and wherever a cheap organic acid is needed, e.g. in the manufacture of adhesives, in copper brightening, decontamination cleaning, dyeing, electroplating, in pickling, cleaning and chemical milling of metals.
Glycolic acid %70 reduces corenocyte cohesion and corneum layer thickening where an excess buildup of dead skin cells can be associated with many common skin problems, such as acne, dry and severely dry skin, and wrinkles.
Glycolic acid %70 acts by dissolving the internal cellular cement responsible for abnormal keratinization, facilitating the sloughing of dead skin cells.
Glycolic acid %70 also improves skin hydration by enhancing moisture uptake as well as increasing the skin’s ability to bind water.
This occurs in the cellular cement through an activation of glycolic acid and the skin’s own hyaluronic acid content.
Glycolic acid %70 is known to retain an impressive amount of moisture and this capacity is enhanced by glycolic acid.
As a result, the skin’s own ability to raise its moisture content is increased.
Glycolic acid %70 is the simplest alpha hydroxyacid (AHA).
Glycolic acid %70 is also the AHA that scientists and formulators believe has greater penetration potential largely due to its smaller molecular weight.
Glycolic acid %70 is mildly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes if the formulation contains a high glycolic acid concentration and/ or a low pH.
Glycolic acid %70 proves beneficial for acne-prone skin as it helps keep pores clear of excess keratinocytes.
Glycolic acid %70 is also used for diminishing the signs of age spots, as well as actinic keratosis.
However, Glycolic acid %70 is most popularly employed in anti-aging cosmetics because of its hydrating, moisturizing, and skin-normalizing abilities, leading to a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Regardless of the G skin type, Glycolic acid %70 use is associated with softer, smoother, healthier, and younger looking skin.
Glycolic acid %70 is naturally found in sugarcane but synthetic versions are most often used in cosmetic formulations.
Preparation
There are different preparation methods to synthesize Glycolic acid %70.
However, the most common method is the catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas, which costs less.
Glycolic acid %70 can be prepared when chloroacetic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide and undergoes re-acidification.
Electrolytic reduction of oxalic acid also could synthesize this compound.
Glycolic acid %70 can be separated from natural sources like sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe, and unripe grapes.
Glycolic acid %70 can be prepared by hydrolyzing the cyanohydrin that is derived from formaldehyde.
Side effects
Common side effects of Glycolic acid %70 include dry skin, erythema (skin redness), burning sensation, itching, skin irritation, and skin rash.
Glycolic acid %70 can make the skin more sensitive in the sunlight, hence always use sunscreen and protective clothing before you step outdoors.
Preparation
Glycolic acid %70 can be synthesized in various ways.
The predominant approaches use a catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas (carbonylation of formaldehyde), for its low cost.
Glycolic acid %70 is also prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide followed by re-acidification.
Other methods, not noticeably in use, include hydrogenation of oxalic acid, and hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin derived from formaldehyde.
Some of today's glycolic acids are formic acid-free.
Glycolic acid %70 can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe and unripe grapes.
Glycolic acid %70 can also be prepared using an enzymatic biochemical process that may require less energy.
