PRODUCTS

GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID)

People use Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) for acne, aging skin, dark skin patches on the face, and acne scars.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is also used for stretch marks and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is an alpha hydroxy acid; used in chemical peels and anti-aging skin products.

CAS Number: 79-14-1
EC Number: 201-180-5
MDL Number: MFCD00004312
Molecular Weight: 76.05 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C2H4O3 / HOCH2COOH

SYNONYMS:
glycolic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, 79-14-1, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Glycollic acid, Acetic acid, hydroxy-, glycolate, Polyglycolide, Caswell No. 470, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, HOCH2COOH, alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid, Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000101, HSDB 5227, NSC 166, Glycocide, GlyPure, BRN 1209322, NSC-166, EINECS 201-180-5, UNII-0WT12SX38S, MFCD00004312, GlyPure 70, 0WT12SX38S, CCRIS 9474, DTXSID0025363, CHEBI:17497, Hydroxyacetic acid-13C2, .alpha.-Hydroxyacetic acid, GLYCOLLATE, DTXCID105363, NSC166, EC 201-180-5, 4-03-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GOA, GLYCOLIC ACID (MART.), GLYCOLIC ACID [MART.], C2H3O3-, glycolicacid, C2H4O3, Glycolate Standard: C2H3O3- @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O,
Hydroxyethanoate, a-Hydroxyacetate, OceanBlu Barrier, OceanBlu Pre-Post, hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-Hydroxyaceticacid, alpha-Hydroxyacetate, a-Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-hydroxy acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-hydroxyl ethanoic acid, HO-CH2-COOH, Hydroxyacetic acid solution, bmse000245, WLN: QV1Q,
GLYCOLIC ACID [MI], Glycolic acid (7CI,8CI), GLYCOLIC ACID [INCI], GLYCOLIC ACID [VANDF], Glycolic acid, p.a., 98%, pari 30% Glycolic Acid Peel, pari 70% Glycolic Acid Peel, Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI), CHEMBL252557, GLYCOLIC ACID [WHO-DD], Glycolic Acid, Crystal, Reagent, HYDROXYACETIC ACID [HSDB],
BCP28762, Glycolic acid, >=97.0% (T), STR00936, Tox21_301298, s6272, AKOS000118921, Glycolic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, CS-W016683, DB03085, HY-W015967, SB83760, CAS-79-14-1, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000101, NCGC00160612-01, NCGC00160612-02, NCGC00257533-01, FT-0612572, FT-0669047, G0110, G0196, Glycolic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, EN300-19242, Glycolic acid, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%, C00160, C03547, D78078, Glycolic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, HYDROXYACETIC ACID; HYDROXYETHANOIC ACID, Glycolic acid, BioXtra, >=98.0% (titration), Q409373, J-509661, F2191-0224, Hydroxyacetic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid, Z104473274, 287EB351-FF9F-4A67-B4B9-D626406C9B13, Glycolic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Glycolic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%, Glycolic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
O7Z, Hydroxyacetic acid, Glycolic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetate, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, A-Hydroxyacetate, A-Hydroxyacetic acid, Alpha-Hydroxyacetate, Alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid, Glycocide, Glycolate, Glycolic acid, Glycollate, Glycollic acid, GlyPure, GlyPure 70, Hydroxyacetate, Hydroxyacetic acid, Hydroxyethanoate, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Sodium glycolate, Sodium glycolic acid, α-Hydroxyacetate, α-Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxy carboxylate, 2-Hydroxy carboxylic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetate, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxyethanoate, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, a-Hydroxyacetate, a-Hydroxyacetic acid, Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI), Glycolic Acid, Hydroxyacetic Acid, Aceticacid,hydroxy-, acidehydroxyacetique, hydroxyaceticacid, glycolic, AHA
2-HYDROXYACETIC ACID, GLYCOLATE, glycolic, HYDROXYACETIC ACID, HOCH2COOH, GLYCOLLIC ACID, Glycolic acid 70%, GLYCOLIC ACID SIGMAULTRA, glycolate (hydroxyacetate), GLYCOLIC ACID, HIGH PURITY, 70 WT.% SOLU TION IN WATER, glycolic acid glycocide kyselina hydroxyoctova 2-(14)c-labeled glycolic acid caswell no. 470 1-(14)c-labeled glycolic acid calcium salt glycolic acid monoammonium salt glycolic acid glycollate monopotassium salt glycolic acid, Hydroxyacetic acid, Glycollic acid, Alpha-hydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, Acetic acid hydroxy derivative, Acide glycolique, Ácido glicólico, Ethylene glycol monocarboxylic acid, Glycolic acid anhydrous

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is one of the most effective and commonly used Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs).
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid)'s molecules are the smallest among the AHAs, so it is able to penetrate the skin and be better absorbed.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) works by breaking the bonds between old skin cells and freeing them, so they can be exfoliated.

When used routinely, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) helps accelerate the skin's renewal process, bringing fresh new skin to the surface, which looks younger and dewier.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) (or hydroxyacetic acid; chemical formula HOCH2CO2H) is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid, highly soluble in water.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is used in various skin-care products.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is widespread in nature.
A glycolate (sometimes spelled "glycollate") is a salt or ester of Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid).

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) made from sugar cane.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is one of the most widely used AHAs in skincare products.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) has a role as a metabolite and a keratolytic drug.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a primary alcohol.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is functionally related to an acetic acid.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a glycolate.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Glycolate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) has been reported in Populus tremula, Psychotria punctata, and other organisms with data available.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II (across all indications) and has 3 investigational indications.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) (or hydroxyacetic acid) is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
This colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid), is highly soluble in water.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is one of the chemical exfoliants in the Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) family.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) helps improve the overall appearance of the skin by improving its tone and texture.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) provides a more vibrant, smoother and younger looking skin texture.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid), thanks to its small molecule structure, can easily penetrate the layers of the skin and is an expert in removing dead skin cells and excess sebum.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
Alpha hydroxy acids are natural acids found in foods.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) comes from sugarcane.

Alpha hydroxy acids like Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) work by removing the top layers of dead skin cells.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) also seems to help reverse sun damage to the skin.

USES and APPLICATIONS of GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent.
Due to its excellent capability to penetrate skin, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) finds applications in skin care products, most often as a chemical peel.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) may reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, hyperpigmentation and improve many other skin conditions, including actinic keratosis, hyperkeratosis, and seborrheic keratosis.

Once applied, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) reacts with the upper layer of the epidermis, weakening the binding properties of the lipids that hold the dead skin cells together.
This allows the outer skin to dissolve revealing the underlying skin.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is an alpha hydroxy acid; used in chemical peels and anti-aging skin products.
Don't confuse Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) with other alpha hydroxy acids, including citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid.

USES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Possibly Effective for:
*Acne.
Applying Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) to the skin seems to help reduce acne in people 12 years and older who have mild to moderate acne.

*Aging skin.
Applying Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) to the skin seems to reduce wrinkles and other signs of aging and sun damage.

*Acne scars.
Applying Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) to the skin, alone or together with microneedling, seems to reduce acne scars.

*Dark skin patches on the face (melasma).
Applying Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) to the skin, alone or together with other treatments, seems to reduce mixed-type and epidermal-type melasma.
But Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) doesn't seem to help dermal-type melasma, which occurs in a deeper layer of the skin.

There is interest in using Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

WHERE IS GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID) FOUND?
*Glycolic Acid:
This acid is obtained from sugar cane.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a type frequently used in chemical peeling processes.

*Lactic Acid:
This acid is obtained from milk and helps moisturize the skin and also provides a peeling effect.

WHY IS GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID) IMPORTANT?
Thanks to its incredible ability to dissolve dead cells and impurities on the skin's surface, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) helps increase cell renewal, so that the skin looks brighter, fresher and more luminous.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) eliminates surface dirt and promotes better and easier absorption of all other products into the skin.
In fact, you can get more out of your routine skin care with this care.

IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) helps reduce hyperpigmentation and helps balance skin tone.
CollagenIt supports the elimination of fine lines and deep wrinkles by supporting

From the skinIt helps the skin look more vibrant and smooth by contributing to the removal of dead cells
Your poresIt helps cleanse.

Since Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) has a peeling effect on the skin, it can cause the skin to become vulnerable to UV rays.
For this reason, sunscreen should be used after application and in the following days.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is suitable for all skin types except sensitive skin.

HISTORY OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
The name "Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid)" was coined in 1848 by French chemist Auguste Laurent (1807–1853).
He proposed that the amino acid glycine—which was then called glycocolle—might be the amine of a hypothetical acid, which he called "Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid)" (acide glycolique).

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) was first prepared in 1851 by German chemist Adolph Strecker (1822–1871) and Russian chemist Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov (1826–1877).
They produced it by treating hippuric acid with nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide to form an ester of benzoic acid and Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) (C6H5C(=O)OCH2COOH), which they called "benzoglycolic acid" (Benzoglykolsäure; also benzoyl glycolic acid).
They boiled the ester for days with dilute sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining benzoic acid and Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) (Glykolsäure).

PRPARATION OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) can be synthesized in various ways.
The predominant approaches use a catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas (carbonylation of formaldehyde), for its low cost.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is also prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide followed by re-acidification.

Other methods, not noticeably in use, include hydrogenation of oxalic acid, and hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin derived from formaldehyde.
Some of today's Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid)s are formic acid-free.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe and unripe grapes.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) can also be prepared using an enzymatic biochemical process that may require less energy.

PROPERTIES OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron-withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group.
The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions, forming coordination complexes.
Of particular note are the complexes with Pb2+ and Cu2+ which are significantly stronger than complexes with other carboxylic acids.
This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of its proton

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis, in a range of reactions including: oxidation-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is used as a monomer in the preparation of polyglycolic acid and other biocompatible copolymers (e.g. PLGA).
Commercially, important derivatives include the methyl (CAS# 96-35-5) and ethyl (CAS# 623-50-7) esters which are readily distillable (boiling points 147–149 °C and 158–159 °C, respectively), unlike the parent acid.

The butyl ester (b.p. 178–186 °C) is a component of some varnishes, being desirable because Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is nonvolatile and has good dissolving properties.

OCCURRENCE OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Plants produce Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) during photorespiration.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is recycled by conversion to glycine within the peroxisomes and to tartronic acid semialdehyde within the chloroplasts.

Because photorespiration is a wasteful side reaction in regard to photosynthesis, much effort has been devoted to suppressing Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid)'s formation.
One process converts glycolate into glycerate without using the conventional BASS6 and PLGG1 route; see glycerate pathway

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Primary alcohols
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds

SUBSTITUENTS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
*Alpha-hydroxy acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

HOW GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID) WORKS:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) has the smallest-sized molecules of all the AHAs.
This allows Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) to absorb into the skin and exfoliate it better than other AHAs.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) works by speeding up cell turnover.
In other words, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) dissolves the bonds that hold skin cells together.
In effect, your skin is able to shed dead skin cells more quickly than Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) would on its own.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) triggers your skin to make more collagen as well.
Collagen is the protein that makes skin firm, plump, and elastic.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) also gives your bones and connective tissues their strength.

Your skin makes less collagen as you age.
Collagen is also destroyed when you spend too much time in the sun.
Using Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) each day can help prevent the breakdown of collagen.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) helps to clear pores, smooth fine wrinkles, improve skin tone, fade dark patches and sun damage, and hydrate skin for a more youthful appearance.

BENEFITS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID) FOR THE SKIN:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a substance that chemically exfoliates a person’s skin by dissolving dead skin cells and oils.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) may also help boost collagen production, and support skin moisture.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) can remove the very top layer of skin cells without the need for scrubbing, which can cause irritation.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is also useful in treatments for acne, hyperpigmentation, and the visible signs of aging.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a compound that naturally occurs in certain fruits, beets, and sugarcane.
In its pure form, it is odorless and colorless.

Cosmetic and pharmaceutical companies include Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) in topical products to treat skin conditions or to improve skin texture and appearance.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) that cosmetic companies use tends to comeTrusted Source from a laboratory rather than natural sources.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) belongs to a group of acids experts refer to as alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs).
AHAs are popular ingredients in skin care products.

Other types of AHA include:
*citric acid, which is present in citrus fruits
*malic acid, which is present in apples
*lactic acid, which is present in milk
Of these, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) has the smallest molecular structure, which likely allows it to penetrate deeperTrusted Source into the skin.

5 THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE YOU TRY LIQUID COLLAGEN:
WHAT DOES GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID) DO FOR THE SKIN?
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a very popular treatment for many reasons, including:

*Anti-aging:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) smooths fine wrinkles and improves the skin's tone and texture.

*Hydration:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) plumps the skin and prevents it from getting dry.

*Sun damage:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) fades dark patches caused by sun damage and protects collagen from the sun.

*Complexion:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) brightens the skin when used regularly.

*Exfoliation:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) prevents ingrown hairs and makes pores appear smaller by helping the skin shed dead skin cells.

*Acne:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) cleans out pores to prevent comedones, blackheads, and inflamed breakouts.

*Hyperpigmentation:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) can fade dark spots caused by sun damage.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is a terrific addition to many skin care regimens for a few reasons.
First of all, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) promotes the exfoliation and turnover of skin cells, resulting in a brighter and more even skin tone.

Second, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) stimulates the production of collagen, a protein that promotes youthful and healthy-looking skin by firming the skin and reducing the appearance of fine lines.
Lastly, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) facilitates the absorption of other skincare products, boosting their effects.

THE EXFOLIATING POWERS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) works through exfoliation, enhancing skin texture and tone by:
Chemically breaking down the bonds holding dead skin cells to the skin's surface, facilitating their easier removal.
Revealing fresher, newer skin cells beneath, to give a visibly more radiant complexion combining hyaluronic and vitamin c serums

GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID) FOR DRY SKIN TYPES:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is often recommended for dry skin types because of its hydrating properties and ability to improve skin texture.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) offers several benefits here, including:

● Enhanced collagen and elastin production
● Promoting skin hydration
● Regulating oil production
● Brightening the appearance of mature or dry skin

KEY TAKEAWAYS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid), an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), offers several skin benefits, including to improve uneven skin texture, skin tone, and boost collagen production.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) should be used with caution because of the potential for irritation and increased sun sensitivity.
With Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid)'s ability to penetrate pores and remove dead skin cells from inside them, as well as to regulate sebum (skin's natural oils) production, salicylic acid (a beta hydroxy acid, or BHA for short) is effective at targeting blemishes.

This makes Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) suitable for oily and mild acne-prone skin.
Picking the right one depends on your individual skin concern.
Whichever you choose, integrate Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) into your skincare routine carefully, to avoid over-exfoliation.

STANDING GLYCOLIC ACID AND GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID)'S SKIN BENEFITS
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid), a natural constituent of sugarcane and some fruits, is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that brings several benefits to the skin.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) improves skin texture, tone, and radiance, diminishes fine lines and hyperpigmentation, boosts skin hydration, and enhances the absorption of other skincare products through its exfoliating properties.

But how does it work?
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid), much like salicylic acid, works by removing dead skin cells from the top layer of skin, bringing healthy, new skin cells to the surface.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) has the smallest size molecule of all AHAs and is considered to have the greatest rate and degree of skin penetration.

Shown to increase skin hydration in addition to providing exfoliation, skincare professionals often recommend Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) for concerns such as visible signs of ageing and sun damage.

Studies also suggest that with long-term use, topical Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) can stimulate production of collagen and elastin in the skin.
Collagen is a fibre-like protein that gives the skin much of Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid)'s structure, and elastin is a coiled protein that gives skin its elasticity.

Together they help keep your skin plump and smooth-looking.
Natural production of these decreases with age.

The effectiveness of Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) as a skin care ingredient is determined by what is known as its 'free acid value' – the active acid available to work on your skin, and which is determined by the pH level and concentration.

PROPERTIES OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) has the following properties:

*Exfoliative:
As a chemical exfoliant, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) removes the outermost layer of skin cells and oil by dissolving them.
Unlike mechanical exfoliants, such as face scrubs and brushes, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) does not require harsh scrubbing.

*Humectant:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is also a humectant, which means it attracts and binds water to skin cells.
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) does this by increasing the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, which are molecules that draw water in the skin.

*Antibacterial:
A 2020 study states that, at certain concentrations, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) can inhibit the growth of bacteria.

*Anti-aging:
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) can reduce some of the processes that cause visible signs of skin aging.
For example, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) can reduce sun damage and increase collagen and hyaluronic acid in the skin.
These substances give skin elasticity and structure.

BENEFITS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID) FOR THE SKIN:
Research suggests that Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) may help with the following:

***Acne
Older research from 1999 examined the effect of a peel containing 70% Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) on 80 females with acne.
The research found that Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) quickly improved all types of acne, particularly comedonal acne, which occurs when pores become clogged with oil and dead skin cells.

It is of note, however, that this strength of Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is only available as a chemical peel.
Over-the-counter (OTC) Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) products are not this strong.

***UV damage
Exposure to UV light can cause skin damage.
The visible signs of this include:
*sunspots
*hyperpigmentation
*wrinkles

Health experts refer to this as photoaging.
A 2020 study notes that Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is an effective treatment for sun damage in the skin.
A 2018 paper also reports that Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) has a protective effect against UVB rays, meaning it may help prevent photoaging.

***Lines and wrinkles
Over time, the skin loses its plumpness and elasticity.
As a result, fine lines and wrinkles can form.

This is a natural process and not necessarily something a person needs to treat.
However, for those who choose to, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) may help.

According to a 2020 study, Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid):
*increases skin levels of hyaluronic acid, a substance that helps keep the skin moisturized
*stimulates the production of collagen, the main structural protein in the skin
*increases fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation rates, which help with skin repair and regeneration
*improves quality of elastin, which promotes skin elasticity

***Warts
Warts are small, hard growths on the skin that occur due to viruses.
An older 2011 study tested the effectiveness of a 15% Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) treatment in 31 HIV-positive children with warts.
The results indicate that the treatment helped flatten and normalize the color of the warts, but it only completely cleared them in 10% of the participants.

Other research from 2011 evaluated the effectiveness of a gel containing 15% Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) and 2% salicylic acid in 20 people with warts.
The research found that the gel worked very well.
However, both these studies were small, and therefore, more research is necessary to confirm these findings.

WHAT IS GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID)?
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) and Lactic Acid are naturally occuring organic acids also known as Alpha Hydroxy Acids or AHAs.
The salts of Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) (Ammonium Glycolate, Sodium Glycolate), the salts of Lactic Acid (Ammonium Lactate, Calcium Lactate, Potassiu Lactate, Sodium Lactate, TEA-Lactate) and the esters of Lactic Acid (Methyl Lactate, Ethyl Lactate, Butyl Lactate, Lauryl Lactate, Myristyl Lactate, Cetyl Lactate) may also be used in cosmetics and personal care products.

In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are used in the formulation of moisturizers, cleansing products, and other skin care products, as well as in makeup, shampoos, hair dyes and colors and other hair care products.

WHY IS GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID) USED?
The following functions have been reported for Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid), Lactic Acid and their salts and esters.
Buffering agent – Ammonium Lactate, Potassium Lactate, Sodium Lactate
Cosmetic astringent – Calcium Lactate

Exfoliant – Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid), Lactic Acid, Ammonium Glycolate, Ammonium Lactate, Calcium Lactate, Potassium Lactate, Sodium Lactate
Humectant – Lactic Acid

pH adjuster – Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid), Lactic Acid, Ammonium Glycolate, Sodium Glycolate
Skin conditioning agent – emollient – Lauryl Lactate, Myristyl Lactate, Cetyl Lactate

Skin conditioning agent – humectant – Lactic Acid, Ammonium Lactate, Potassium Lactate, Sodium Lactate, TEA-Lactate
Skin conditioning agent – miscellaneous – Lactic Acid
Solvent – Methyl Lactate, Ethyl Lactate, Butyl Lactate

SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) and Lactic Acid are alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs).
They may be either naturally occurring or synthetic.
They are often found in products intended to improve the overall look and feel of the skin.

Glycolic Acid (Glycollic Acid) is the most widely used of out of the group and is usually manufactured from sugar cane.
Lactic acid, derived primarily from milk and its origins can be traced back to Cleopatra, who purportedly used sour milk on her skin.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
Appearance: Clear yellow to light amber Solution
Titration with NaOH: 65 to 72 % w/w
GC: ≥94 %
Enantiomeric excess: ≥97.5 % (GC)
Melting Point: 10.0°C
Boiling Point: 113.0°C
Color: Yellow
Linear Formula: CH2OHCOOH
Formula Weight: 76.04
Percent Purity: 70%

Density: 1.2700 g/mL
Physical Form: Solution
Specific Gravity: 1.27
Chemical Name or Material: Glycolic acid, 70% in water
Molecular Weight: 76.05 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 76.016043985 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 76.016043985 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 40.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling point: 112 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.26 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 10 °C
pH value: 0.5 (700 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 27.5 hPa (25 °C)

Color: colorless liquid
Assay (acidimetric): 69.0 - 74.0 %
Density: (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 1.260 - 1.280
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 3 ppm
Refractive index (n 20°/D): 1.410 - 1.415
pH-value: 0.0 - 1.0
Chemical formula: C2H4O3
Molar mass: 76.05 g/mol
Appearance: White powder or colorless crystals
Density: 1.49 g/cm3

Melting point: 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Boiling point: Decomposes
Solubility in water: 70% solution
Solubility in other solvents: Alcohols, acetone,
acetic acid and ethyl acetate
log P: −1.05
Acidity (pKa): 3.83
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 10 °C

Initial boiling point and boiling range 112 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,25 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information: No data available
Product name: Glycolic Acid
Other name: Hydroxyacetic Acid
EINECS: 201-180-5
Boiling Point: 112 °C
Purity: 99% White crystal; 70% Yellowish solution
Sample: Free
CAS number: 79-14-1
EC number: 201-180-5
Hill Formula: C₂H₄O₃
Chemical formula: HOCH₂COOH
Molar Mass: 76.05 g/mol

HS Code: 2918 19 98
Boiling point: 100 °C (decomposition)
Density: 1.49 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Flash point: >300 °C (decomposition)
Melting Point: 78 - 80 °C
pH value: 2 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.00093 hPa (25 °C)
Bulk density: 600 kg/m3
Melting point: 75-80 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 112 °C
Density: 1.25 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 10.8 hPa (80 °C)

refractive index: n20/D 1.424
Flash point: 112°C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear
pka: 3.83(at 25℃)
form: Solution
color: White to off-white
PH: 2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: at 100.00 %. odorless very mild buttery
Odor Type: buttery
Viscosity: 6.149mm2/s

Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,4498
BRN: 1209322
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
InChIKey: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.07 at 20℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: GLYCOLIC ACID
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 79-14-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

EWG's Food Scores: 1-4
NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: glycolic acid
FDA UNII: 0WT12SX38S
NIST Chemistry Reference: Acetic acid, hydroxy-(79-14-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: Glycolic acid (79-14-1)
Pesticides Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Glycolic Acid
Melting Point: 10.0°C
Boiling Point: 113.0°C
Color: Yellow
Linear Formula: CH2OHCOOH
Formula Weight: 76.04
Percent Purity: 70%

Density: 1.2700 g/mL
Physical Form: Solution
Specific Gravity: 1.27
Chemical Name or Material: Glycolic acid, 70% in water
Chemical Formula: C2H4O3
Weight: Average: 76.0514
Monoisotopic: 76.016043994
InChI Key: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
CAS number: 79-14-1
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyacetic acid

Traditional IUPAC Name: glycolic acid
SMILES: OCC(O)=O
Water Solubility: 608 g/L
logP: -1
logP: -1
logS: 0.9
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 3.53
pKa (Strongest Basic): -3.6
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 3
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2

Polar Surface Area: 57.53 Å²
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Refractivity: 14.35 m³•mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 6.2 Å³
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: Yes
Appearance (Form): Adhering crystals
Water: =<1 %

Melting point: 72°C to 80°C
Appearance (Color): White to off-white
Infrared spectrum: Conforms
Titration with NaOH: >=98.5 % (On dry substance)
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyacetic acid
Molecular Formula: C2H4O3
InChI Key: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: OCC(O)=O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 76.05
Chemical formula: C2H4O3

Molar mass: 76.05 g/mol
Appearance: White powder or colorless crystals
Density: 1.49 g/cm3[1]
Melting point: 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Boiling point: 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K), Decomposes above 100 °C
Solubility in water: 70% solution
Solubility in other solvents: Alcohols, acetone, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate[2]
log P: −1.05[3]
Vapor pressure: 1.051 kPa (80 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 3.83
Linear Formula: HOCH2COOH

CAS Number: 79-14-1
Molecular Weight: 76.05
Beilstein: 1209322
EC Number: 201-180-5
MDL number: MFCD00004312
UNSPSC Code: 12352100
eCl@ss: 39021303
PubChem Substance ID: 24847624
NACRES: NA.21
Physical state: crystalline

Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 75 - 80 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 169 °C at 998 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: > 300 °C - (decomposition)
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 2 at 50 g/l at 20 °C

Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: 6,149 mm2/s at 23 °C
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 300 g/l at 22 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: < 0,3 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,0041 hPa at 25 °C - OECD Test Guideline 104
Density: 1,26 g/cm3 at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available

Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Solubility in other solvents: Methanol > 1,402 g/l at 22 °C
Surface tension: 57 mN/m at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 115
Dissociation constant: 3,1 at 25 °C
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C2H4O3 = 76.05

Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Storage Temperature: Room Temperature
(Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 79-14-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 1209322
PubChem Substance ID: 87570382
Merck Index (14): 4498
MDL Number: MFCD00004312

FIRST AID MEASURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B: Non-combustible

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLYCOLIC ACID (GLYCOLLIC ACID):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available