PRODUCTS

GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID)

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used to evaluate the efficacy of glycolic peels treatment for all types of acne.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in the fine synthesis of medicine and as a raw material of cosmetics and organic synthesis.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can also reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation.

CAS Number: 79-14-1
EC Number: 201-180-5
MDL Number: MFCD00004312
Molecular Formula: C2H4O3 / HOCH2COOH
Molecular Weight: 76.05 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
glycolic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, 79-14-1, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Glycollic acid, Acetic acid, hydroxy-, glycolate, Polyglycolide, Caswell No. 470, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, HOCH2COOH, alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid, Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000101, HSDB 5227, NSC 166, Glycocide, GlyPure, BRN 1209322, NSC-166, EINECS 201-180-5, UNII-0WT12SX38S, MFCD00004312, GlyPure 70, 0WT12SX38S, CCRIS 9474, DTXSID0025363, CHEBI:17497, Hydroxyacetic acid-13C2, .alpha.-Hydroxyacetic acid, GLYCOLLATE, DTXCID105363, NSC166, EC 201-180-5, 4-03-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GOA, GLYCOLIC ACID (MART.), GLYCOLIC ACID [MART.], C2H3O3-, glycolicacid, C2H4O3, Glycolate Standard: C2H3O3- @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O, Hydroxyethanoate, a-Hydroxyacetate, OceanBlu Barrier, OceanBlu Pre-Post, hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-Hydroxyaceticacid, alpha-Hydroxyacetate, a-Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-hydroxy acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-hydroxyl ethanoic acid, HO-CH2-COOH, Hydroxyacetic acid solution, bmse000245, WLN: QV1Q, GLYCOLIC ACID [MI], Glycolic acid (7CI,8CI), GLYCOLIC ACID [INCI], GLYCOLIC ACID [VANDF], Glycolic acid, p.a., 98%, pari 30% Glycolic Acid Peel, pari 70% Glycolic Acid Peel, Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI), CHEMBL252557, GLYCOLIC ACID [WHO-DD], Glycolic Acid, Crystal, Reagent, HYDROXYACETIC ACID [HSDB], BCP28762, Glycolic acid, >=97.0% (T), STR00936, Tox21_301298, s6272, AKOS000118921, Glycolic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, CS-W016683, DB03085, HY-W015967, SB83760, CAS-79-14-1, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000101, NCGC00160612-01, NCGC00160612-02, NCGC00257533-01, FT-0612572, FT-0669047, G0110, G0196, Glycolic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, EN300-19242, Glycolic acid, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%, C00160, C03547, D78078, Glycolic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, HYDROXYACETIC ACID; HYDROXYETHANOIC ACID, Glycolic acid, BioXtra, >=98.0% (titration), Q409373, J-509661, F2191-0224, Hydroxyacetic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid, Z104473274, 287EB351-FF9F-4A67-B4B9-D626406C9B13, Glycolic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Glycolic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%, Glycolic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, O7Z, Hydroxyacetic acid, Glycolic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetate, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, A-Hydroxyacetate, A-Hydroxyacetic acid, Alpha-Hydroxyacetate, Alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid, Glycocide, Glycolate, Glycolic acid, Glycollate, Glycollic acid, GlyPure, GlyPure 70, Hydroxyacetate, Hydroxyacetic acid, Hydroxyethanoate, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Sodium glycolate, Sodium glycolic acid, α-Hydroxyacetate, α-Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxy carboxylate, 2-Hydroxy carboxylic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetate, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxyethanoate, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, a-Hydroxyacetate, a-Hydroxyacetic acid, Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI), Glycolic Acid, Hydroxyacetic Acid, Aceticacid,hydroxy-, acidehydroxyacetique, hydroxyaceticacid, glycolic, AHA, 2-HYDROXYACETIC ACID, GLYCOLATE, glycolic, HYDROXYACETIC ACID, HOCH2COOH, GLYCOLLIC ACID, Glycolic acid 70%, GLYCOLIC ACID SIGMAULTRA, glycolate (hydroxyacetate), GLYCOLIC ACID, HIGH PURITY, 70 WT.% SOLU TION IN WATER, glycolic acid glycocide kyselina hydroxyoctova 2-(14)c-labeled glycolic acid caswell no. 470 1-(14)c-labeled glycolic acid calcium salt glycolic acid monoammonium salt glycolic acid glycollate monopotassium salt glycolic acid, Hydroxyacetic acid, Glycollic acid, Alpha-hydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, Acetic acid hydroxy derivative, Acide glycolique, Ácido glicólico, Ethylene glycol monocarboxylic acid, Glycolic acid anhydrous, Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-hydroxyacetic acid, hydroacetic acid, glycolic acid, glycollate, acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, acetic acid, hydroxy-, glycol acid, glycolicacid, glycollic acid, GOA, 2- hydroxyacetic acid, a- hydroxyacetic acid, 2- hydroxyethanoic acid, glycolic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, Glycollic acid, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Acetic acid, hydroxy-, glycolate, Glycolic Acid High Purity, GlyAcid HAA, Hydroxyacetic Acid, Hydroxyethanoic Acid

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), or hydroxyacetic acid, is a white crystalline solid that is easily solubilized in water to form a clear, odorless solution.
Structurally, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is similar to acetic acid but with a hydroxylated methyl group, making it the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).

The presence of the hydroxyl group also renders Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) stronger than acetic acid.
While abundant in nature, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is usually synthesized via the catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde, or by reacting chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide and reacidifying.

The molecular structure of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) allows it to easily penetrate the skin.
As such, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) has widespread use in dermatology, particularly as a chemical exfoliant to dissolve dead skin cells from the skin surface.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is an α-hydroxy acid.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) solutions having concentration of 70% and pH range of 0.08 to 2.75 are widely employed as superficial chemical peeling agents.

Various oligomers or polymers of lactic and/or Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (low molecular weight) have been prepared.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can be determined via plant tissue coupled flow injection chemiluminescence biosensors, which can be used both as a plant-tissue based biosensor and chemiluminescence flow sensor.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (C2H4O3 or HOCH2COOH), also called hydroacetic acid or hydroxyacetic acid, is an organic chemical compound, the smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA).
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is mainly supplemented to various skin-care products to improve the skin’s appearance and texture.
It is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a naturally occurring alpha hydroxy acids (or AHAs).

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (dicarbonous acid, hydroxyacetic acid, hydroacetic acid) is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is an inhibitor of tyrosinase, suppressing melanin formation and lead to a lightening of skin colour.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) was colorless deliquescent crystal.

Industrial 70% aqueous solution, light yellow liquid, with a caramel-like odor.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a hygroscopic, water-soluble compound and the smallest alpha hydroxy acid.
Available in various quantities, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used as a dyeing and tanning agent, a flavoring agent and preservative, an intermediate for organic synthesis, etc.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
This colourless, odourless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), is highly soluble in water.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is highly soluble in water.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron-withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group.
The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions forming coordination complexes.
Of particular note are the complexes with Pb2+ and Cu2+ which are significantly stronger than complexes with other carboxylic acids.

This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of its proton.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) derives from an acetic acid.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (hydroacetic acid or hydroxyacetic acid); chemical formula C2H4O3.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is highly soluble in water.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), because of the small size of its molecules, can easily penetrate the skin.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) helps loosen the bonds that hold skin cells together, allowing dead skin cells to slough off more effectively.
The skin feels softer and smoother, and Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)'s overall appearance is enhanced.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is the smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA).

This colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), is highly soluble in water.
A water solution form of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is also available.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron-withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group.

The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions forming coordination complexes.
Of particular note are the complexes with Pb2+ and Cu2+ which are significantly stronger than complexes with other carboxylic acids.
This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of its proton.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) 70% High Purity is a pharmaceutical and cosmetic-grade alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) formulated for applications demanding stringent purity.
Widely used in dermatology, personal care, and specialty chemical synthesis, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) offers keratolytic, exfoliating, and pH-modifying functionality in topical products and chemical intermediates.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a natural organic acid, also called alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA).
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is usually made from sugar cane.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) has a role as a metabolite and a keratolytic drug.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a primary alcohol.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is functionally related to an acetic acid.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a conjugate acid of a glycolate.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) has been reported in Populus tremula, Psychotria punctata, and other organisms with data available.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of II (across all indications) and has 3 investigational indications.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (or hydroxyacetic acid) is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).

This colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), is highly soluble in water.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) with 70% is manufactured in two distinct grades.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a clear to light-yellow aqueous solution known for its strong descaling, chelating, and pH-adjusting properties.

Ideal for industrial use, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is largely applied in water treatment, oil and gas stimulation, electronic cleaning, and metal surface preparation and excellent compatibility with chelating agents & surfactants.
While it shares the same chemical composition as the High Purity version, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) technical grade manufactured for performance and cost-efficiency where ultra-high purity is not critical.

On the other hand, the Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) High Purity grade is a pharmaceutical and cosmetic-grade alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), specially formulated for use in dermatology, personal care, and specialty chemical synthesis needs.
With superior purity, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) provides effective keratolytic, exfoliating, and pH-modifying benefits, making it a trusted ingredient in topical formulations and high-precision chemical applications.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a naturally occurring alpha hydroxy acids (or AHAs).
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is being used to rejuvenate the skin by encouraging the shedding of old surface skin cells.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is the alpha hydroxy acid most frequently used for peel products.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is 100% concentrated natural sugarcane extract for accelerating the skin cell turnover (chemical peel / exfoliation).
This colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), is highly soluble in water.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in various skin-care products.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron- withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group.

The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions forming coordination complexes.
Of particular note are the complexes with Pb2 and Cu2 which are significantly stronger than complexes with other carboxylic acids.
This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of its proton.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is the smallest and most powerful member of the Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) family.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) penetrates the skin rapidly to dissolve dead skin cells, revealing fresher, brighter, and smoother skin underneath.

Ideal for acne-prone, pigmented, or aging skin, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) also enhances the absorption of other actives.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (or hydroxyacetic acid; chemical formula HOCH2CO2H) is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in various skin-care products.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is widespread in nature.
A glycolate (sometimes spelled "glycollate") is a salt or ester of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid).

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a colorless, odorless alpha-hydroxy-acid (AHA) derived from sugarcane.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)’s a type of chemical exfoliant that dissolves the bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to be wiped away easily, revealing smooth, younger skin below.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a skin-care heavyweight, showing up in exfoliating cleansers, toners, and masks.
But what kinds of benefits can you get from a professional Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) peel?
If you’ve only ever used Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) in your at-home skin-care products, you might be wondering what these popular treatments can do for you.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) peeling is a type of fruit acid extracted from sugar cane, etc., and is a chemical peeling agent with a small molecular weight that is exclusively used for medical institutions.
Because the particles are small, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) has high permeability, and it activates epidermal cells and promotes the production of collagen and elastin, giving the skin firmness and elasticity.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is also effective in suppressing melanin production, improving age spots, dullness, darkening of pores, and uneven skin tone.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is also ideal for treating acne as it dissolves dead skin cells and dirt clogged in pores.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a type of superficial peel.
Superficial peels cause the top layers of damaged skin to peel away over 7-10 days.
Unlike medium or deep chemical peels, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) will not affect the underlying layers of tissue.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) comes in different concentrations ranging between 20%-70%.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is an alpha-hydroxy acid, derived from sugar cane, sugar beets, and other substances.

USES and APPLICATIONS of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can reduce the appearance of fine lines, irregular pigmentation, age spots & decreases enlarged pores.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is very useful in exfoliating products as alpha-hydroxy acid peel, or in creams & lotions at a lower concentration for a more gentle acid-based peel.

Widely used to rejuvenate the skin by encouraging the shedding of old surface skin cells.
Due to its excellent capability to penetrate skin, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is often used in skin care products, most often as a chemical peel.

Other applications of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) include use in adhesives, biodegradable polymers, textiles/dyes, and as a cleaning agent for metals.
Common Uses and Applications of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid): Dermatology, Adhesives, Biodegradable polymers, Cleaning agent for metals (water wells, dairy equipment)

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (Hydroxyacetic acid) has been used in the preparation of PLGA-PEG-PLGA copolymer (PLGA = poly(lactic/glycolic, PEG = polyethylene glycol).
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (Hydroxyacetic acid) is an α-hydroxy acid.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) solutions having concentration of 70% and pH range of 0.08 to 2.75 are widely employed as superficial chemical peeling agents.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (hydroxyacetic acid); chemical formula C2H4O3 (also written as HOCH2CO2H), is the smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA).

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can also reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation.
In textile industry, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can be used as a dyeing and tanning agent.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can also be used as a flavoring agent in food processing, and as a skin care agent in the pharmaceutical industry.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can also be added into emulsion polymers, solvents and ink additives to improve flow properties and impart gloss.
Moreover, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis including oxidative-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in the processing of textiles, leather, and metals; in pH control, and wherever a cheap organic acid is needed, e.g. in the manufacture of adhesives, in copper brightening, decontamination cleaning, dyeing, electroplating, in pickling, cleaning and chemical milling of metals.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) reduces corneocyte cohesion and corneum layer thickening where an excess buildup of dead skin cells can be associated with many common skin problems, such as acne, dry and severely dry skin, and wrinkles.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) acts by dissolving the internal cellular cement responsible for abnormal keratinization, facilitating the sloughing of dead skin cells.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) also improves skin hydration by enhancing moisture uptake as well as increasing the skin’s ability to bind water.
This occurs in the cellular cement through an activation of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) and the skin’s own hyaluronic acid content.

Hyaluronic acid is known to retain an impressive amount of moisture and this capacity is enhanced by Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid).
As a result, the skin’s own ability to raise Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)'s moisture content is increased.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is the simplest alpha hydroxyacid (AHA).

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is also the AHA that scientists and formulators believe has greater penetration potential largely due to its smaller molecular weight.
It is mildly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes if the formulation contains a high Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) concentration and/or a low pH.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) proves beneficial for acne-prone skin as it helps keep pores clear of excess keratinocytes.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is also used for diminishing the signs of age spots, as well as actinic keratosis.
However, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is most popularly employed in anti-aging cosmetics because of its hydrating, moisturizing, and skin-normalizing abilities, leading to a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Regardless of the skin type, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) use is associated with softer, smoother, healthier, and younger looking skin.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is naturally found in sugarcane but synthetic versions are most often used in cosmetic formulations.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used to smooth wrinkles, fade hyperpigmentation and sun damage, and generally improve the tone and texture of the skin.

As such, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is often used in anti-aging products.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used as leather auxiliary, water disinfectant, milk shed disinfectant, boiler detergent, etc
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used as a cleaning agent, it can fully react with rust scale, calcium salt, magnesium salt and the like in the equipment to achieve the purpose of descaling.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is easy to remove calcium carbonate scale and iron scale, and has good treatment effect.
The corrosion of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is very low, and the precipitation of organic acid iron does not occur when cleaning.
The use of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) for chemical cleaning is less dangerous.

Application of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid): Peels, creams, lotions, masks, cleansers.
Due to Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)'s acidity the final product needs to be tested for safe pH.
Optimal pH range of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is from 3.5-5.0.

Some over the counter products, after adding Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), will separate as a result of the low pH, and need to be stabilized.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in various skin-care products.

Due to its excellent capability to penetrate skin, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is often used in skin care products, most often as a chemical peel.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) may reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation and improve many other skin conditions, including actinic keratosis, hyperkeratosis, and seborrheic keratosis.

Once applied, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) reacts with the upper layer of the epidermis, weakening the binding properties of the lipids that hold the dead skin cells together.
This allows the outer skin to dissolve, revealing the underlying skin.

It is thought that this is due to the reduction of calcium ion concentrations in the epidermis and the removal of calcium ions from cell adhesions, leading to desquamation.
Key applications of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid): pH control, Skin care products, Cosmetic products, and Anti-ageing products.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent, in food processing as a flavoring agent and as a preservative, and in the pharmaceutical industry as a skin care agent.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is also used in adhesives and plastics.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is often included into emulsion polymers, solvents and additives for ink and paint in order to improve flow properties and impart gloss.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in surface treatment products that increase the coefficient of friction on tile flooring.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is the active ingredient in the household cleaning liquid Pine-Sol.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in food processing as a flavoring agent and as a preservative
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a skin care agent

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in adhesives and plastics,
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is often included in emulsion polymers, solvents and additives for ink and paint in order to improve flow properties and impart gloss

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in surface treatment products that increase the coefficient of friction on tile flooring.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in various skin-care products.
Today’s drug or household chemical stores offer various types of agents and formulations containing Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid).

Cleaning and washing concentrates with Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) quickly remove dirt and microbes from different surfaces.
This is why they are widely used in private homes, industrial plants and public facilities.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is also desired by entities from the food, logistic and catering industries.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can also be found at schools and kindergartens.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in mild peels and acid-based exfoliators.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) accelerates the loss of dead cells and promotes cell renewal.

Like other fruit acids, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is also used to smooth wrinkles, lighten the complexion, fade pigments and irregularities of the skin.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is not allowed in organic.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) in cosmetics is a regenerating glycol for the face and body.
Industrialists and pharmacists discovered long ago that Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) are worth using on the face and skin.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is ingredients of creams, conditioners, shampoos, ointments and tonics as well as additives in washing gels, exfoliation products, etc.

Formulations based on that Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is also used in beauty salons as part of rejuvenating treatments.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in food processing as a flavoring agent and as a preservative
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in the industry as a skin care agent

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in surface treatment products that increase the coefficient of friction on tile flooring.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is commonly used in peels, glow serums, anti-aging creams, and brightening toners.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent.

Cosmetics / skin care: Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is widely used as an exfoliant (AHA).
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in cleansers, toners, serums, leave-on or rinse-off products and professional chemical peels.
The most common agent found in peels, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can come in different pH levels and concentrations (typically 20-70%) which will determine how much peeling it will cause.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a great active ingredient for treating fine lines, light sun damage, enlarge pores and blackheads.
Because minor skin blemishes are located in the top layer of skin, a glycolic peel can give you much smoother skin with a more even tone.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a superficial peeling agent that is made from sugar cane.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) has been proven to be very effective in the treatment of hyperpigmentation, melasma, actinic keratosis, acne, and oily skin, as well as other cosmetic uses.
Acting against hyperpigmentation, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) with glycolic acid reacts on the upper layers of the epidermis and weakens the lipids connections that hold dead skin cells together.

The cornea layer is refined, the skin is soft and smooth.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) also helps reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, and softens imperfections.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) softens the appearance of pigmentation marks

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) reduces the signs of wrinkles and fine lines
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) stimulates cellular renewal

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (2-hydroxyacetic acid; CAS 79-14-1, EC 201-180-5) is the smallest AHA — highly water soluble and hygroscopic — widely used as an effective exfoliant in cosmetics and as a professional peel agent; low concentrations are commonly safe for consumer use with sun protection, while professional peels use much higher concentrations and require trained application

When a strong Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) peel is used for exfoliation, it may cause increased skin sloughing and itching.
In such cases, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is advisable to avoid direct contact with sunlight as much as possible.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used as a medium-strength chemical peel.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) peels are effective for treating several skin conditions.
This treatment is done professionally by doctors and licensed cosmetologists or aestheticians.

-Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is best for the following conditions:
Melasma
Acne
Mild photoaging
Superficial hyperpigmentation
Fine wrinkles
Enlarged pores

-Cosmetic Applications of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)
Due to its capability to penetrate skin, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) finds applications in skin care products, most often as a chemical peel.
Physician-strength peels can have a pH as low as 0.6 (strong enough to completely keratolyze the epidermis), while acidities for home peels can be as low as 2.5.

Once applied, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) reacts with the upper layer of the epidermis, weakening the binding properties of the lipids that hold the dead skin cells together.
This allows the stratum corneum to be exfoliated, exposing live skin cells.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can reduce the appearance of fine lines, irregular pigmentation, age spots & decreases enlarged pores
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is very useful in exfoliating products as alpha-hydroxy acid peel, or in creams & lotions at a lower concentration for a more gentle acid-based peel
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is widely used to rejuvenate the skin by encouraging the shedding of old surface skin cells

WHY IS GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID) INCREASINGLY POPULAR?
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)'s effects can be noticed within a few days.
With Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), the epidermis regenerates faster and recovers its natural colour and flexibility.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can also be used against discolouration, inflammatory conditions and scars.
Amongst cosmetic ingredients, we can find it under the INCI name Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid).

INDUSTRIES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
*Beauty & Personal Care
*Water Treatment

BIODEGRADABLE GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID): OPINIONS AND BENEFITS
Many manufacturers believe that powdered Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), derived from natural sources, is an excellent alternative to aggressive chemicals.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) has a very broad range of application; when used in appropriate proportions and conditions, it is not harmful to humans or the environment.

In addition, biodegradable Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) for the face, or a cleaning fluid containing that ingredient, do not increase the amount of toxic waste.
They are only made of raw materials of natural origin, which quickly decompose under the influence of micro-organisms.
Vegetable waste remaining after production can be converted, for example, into compost without occupying any additional space for landfills.

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis, in a range of reactions including: oxidation-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used as a monomer in the preparation of polyGlycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) and other biocompatible copolymers (e.g. PLGA).

Commercially, important derivatives include the methyl (CAS# 96-35-5) and ethyl (CAS# 623-50-7) esters which are readily distillable (boiling points 147–149 °C and 158–159 °C, respectively), unlike the parent acid.
The butyl ester (b.p. 178–186 °C) is a component of some varnishes, being desirable because it is nonvolatile and has good dissolving properties.
Glycolide is the cyclic dimer, a bislactone, which is used in some of the polymerization processes.

OCCURRENCE of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Plants produce Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) during photorespiration.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is recycled by conversion to glycine within the peroxisomes and to tartronic acid semialdehyde within the chloroplasts.
Because photorespiration is a wasteful side reaction in regard to photosynthesis, much effort has been devoted to suppressing its formation.
One process converts glycolate into glycerate without using the conventional BASS6 and PLGG1 route; see glycerate pathway

INDUSTRIES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
*Skin Care Industry
*Leather Industry
*Dairy Industry
*Polymer Industry

PREPARATION METHOD of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
by reacting chloroacetic acid with sodium hydrohydride, esterifying with methanol in the presence of sulfuric acid, and then hydrolyzing, methanol was recovered by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain a finished Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid).
Alternatively, formaldehyde and carbon monoxide are condensed in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as sulfuric acid or boron trifluoride to produce Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid).

PREPARATION of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can be synthesized in various ways.
The predominant approaches use a catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas (carbonylation of formaldehyde), for its low cost.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is also prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide followed by re-acidification.
Other methods, not noticeably in use, include hydrogenation of oxalic acid, and hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin derived from formaldehyde.

Some of today's Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)s are formic acid-free.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe and unripe grapes.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can also be prepared using an enzymatic biochemical process that may require less energy.

PROPERTIES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron-withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group.
The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions, forming coordination complexes.
Of particular note are the complexes with Pb2+ and Cu2+ which are significantly stronger than complexes with other carboxylic acids.
This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of its proton.

NATURE of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a colorless crystals, slightly hygroscopic.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is soluble in methanol, ethyl ketone, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and ether, but almost insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is non-flammable, odorless, low toxicity, strong biological decomposition, high water solubility, is almost non-volatile organic compounds.

By high heat decomposition, emission of irritating smoke.
Powder and air can form an explosive mixture, when Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) reaches a certain concentration, when Mars will be an explosion.

PROPERTIES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
CHEMICAL of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), due to its OH group, reacts with hydrogen halides, such as hydrogen chloride, to give their respective monohaloacetic acid, in this case chloroacetic acid.

PHYSICAL of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a colorless solid, very soluble in water.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is odorless.

AVAILABILITY of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is commonly found in many skin-care products.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can be bought from chemical suppliers, though it's not easy to come by.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (or hydroxyacetic acid) is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid.
Due to its excellent capability to penetrate skin, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is often used in skin care products, most often as a chemical peel.

PREPARATION of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is often prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide, followed by re-acidification.

Cl-CH2COOH + 2 NaOH → OH-CH2COONa + NaCl + H2O
OH-CH2COONa + HCl → OH-CH2COOH + NaCl

Another route involves the reaction of potassium cyanide with formaldehyde.
The resulting potassium glycolate is treated with acid and purified.

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) was historically first prepared by treating hippuric acid with nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide.
This forms and ester of benzoic acid and Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), which is hydrolyzed to Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) by boiling it in sulfuric acid.

Hydrogenation of oxalic acid is another route.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe and unripe grapes.

FUNCTION(S) of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID) IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*BUFFERING
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) controls the pH of cosmetic products

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is one of the simplest organic compounds, used on a broad scale in contemporary cosmetology and in the chemical industry.
This is because that hydracid has many valuable properties.

HOW TO DEFINE GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID)?
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)'s structural formula is the following: HOCH2COOH.
The molecular formula of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is: C2H4O3.
Both formulas indicate that Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) contains both carboxyl and the hydroxyl groups, which are typical of alpha-hydroxyacids.

AND HOW CAN WE OBTAIN GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID) IN INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS?
Let’s check!
PRODUCTION
The contemporary cosmetic and chemical markets would be hard to imagine without substances such as AHAs, including Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid).

WHAT IS GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID) MADE OF?
For decades, various methods of producing Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) were developed.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can be obtained, for example, by:

A reaction of acetic (chloroacetic) acid derivative with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a strong base.
Obviously, Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) will not be produced immediately.
The production of that substance is only possible if the environment of both reacting ingredients is acidified.

A reaction of formaldehyde with water gas (it is one of the most popular methods of the mass production of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid); however, the acquisition of the semi-finished product with this method generates a lot of waste).
Currently there is intensive work carried out on safe and ecological methods of producing hydroxyacetic acids.

Chemists have already developed several new patents, which made it possible to isolate this precious compound from arable crops such as grapevine or sugar cane.
These are highly promising technologies which reduce the consumption and emission of harmful compounds derived from manufacturing processes.

WHAT ELSE DISTINGUISHES GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID)?
The water solubility of Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is very good and largely depends on the temperature of the liquid: the higher it is, the better the powder will dissolve to form a solution.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can also be dissolved in alcohols: ethanol, methanol or acetone.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) reacts with aluminium and oxidants, which may even cause ignition.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
How to recognise Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)?
The characteristics of that substance are as follows: Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is a solid having the form of a white or transparent, crystalline, odourless powder.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) decomposes at 100°C and melts at 80°C.
It is assumed that Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) has a density of 1.49 g/cm³ at around 25°C.

HISTORY of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
The name "Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)" was coined in 1848 by French chemist Auguste Laurent (1807–1853).
He proposed that the amino acid glycine—which was then called glycocolle—might be the amine of a hypothetical acid, which he called "Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)" (acide glycolique).

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) was first prepared in 1851 by German chemist Adolph Strecker (1822–1871) and Russian chemist Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov (1826–1877).

They produced it by treating hippuric acid with nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide[contradictory] to form an ester of benzoic acid and Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (C6H5C(=O)OCH2COOH), which they called "benzoGlycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)" (Benzoglykolsäure; also benzoyl Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid)).
They boiled the ester for days with dilute sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining benzoic acid and Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) (Glykolsäure).

KEY FUNCTIONS of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) acts as a chemical exfoliant and resurfacing agent that removes dead skin, fades pigmentation, and smooths texture.

KEY FEATURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Highly effective exfoliating AHA for skin renewal
Brightens dull skin and reduces fine lines
Unclogs pores and helps prevent breakouts
Improves penetration of serums and moisturizers
Ideal for chemical peels, serums, toners, and masks

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Primary alcohols
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds

SUBSTITUENTS of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
*Alpha-hydroxy acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

BENEFITS of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) addresses skin issues by exfoliating dead skin cells that accumulate on the surface of the epidermis and contribute to dull, discolored, and uneven looking skin.

SOURCE of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is widespread in nature and can be separated from natural sources like sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe, and unripe grapes.

PURIFICATION METHODS of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Crystallise it from diethyl ether.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid), CH20HCOOH, also known as hydroxyacetic acid, is composed of colorless deliquescent leaflets that decompose at approximately 78° C (172 OF).

Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is used in dyeing, tanning, electropolishing, and in foodstuffs.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) is produced by oxidizing glycol with dilute nitric acid.

PREPARATION of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
There are different preparation methods to synthesize Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid).
However, the most common method is the catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas, which costs less.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can be prepared when chloroacetic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide and undergoes re-acidification.

Electrolytic reduction of oxalic acid also could synthesize Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid).
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can be separated from natural sources like sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe, and unripe grapes.
Glycolic acid (Hydroacetic acid) can be prepared by hydrolyzing the cyanohydrin that is derived from formaldehyde.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
Appearance: Clear yellow to light amber Solution
Titration with NaOH: 65 to 72 % w/w
GC: ≥94 %
Enantiomeric excess: ≥97.5 % (GC)
Melting Point: 10.0°C
Boiling Point: 113.0°C
Color: Yellow
Linear Formula: CH2OHCOOH
Formula Weight: 76.04
Percent Purity: 70%

Density: 1.2700 g/mL
Physical Form: Solution
Specific Gravity: 1.27
Chemical Name or Material: Glycolic acid, 70% in water
Molecular Weight: 76.05 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 76.016043985 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 76.016043985 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 40.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling point: 112 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.26 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 10 °C
pH value: 0.5 (700 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 27.5 hPa (25 °C)

Color: colorless liquid
Assay (acidimetric): 69.0 - 74.0 %
Density: (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 1.260 - 1.280
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 3 ppm
Refractive index (n 20°/D): 1.410 - 1.415
pH-value: 0.0 - 1.0
Chemical formula: C2H4O3
Molar mass: 76.05 g/mol
Appearance: White powder or colorless crystals
Density: 1.49 g/cm3

Melting point: 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Boiling point: Decomposes
Solubility in water: 70% solution
Solubility in other solvents: Alcohols, acetone,
acetic acid and ethyl acetate
log P: −1.05
Acidity (pKa): 3.83
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 10 °C

Initial boiling point and boiling range 112 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,25 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information: No data available
Product name: Glycolic Acid
Other name: Hydroxyacetic Acid
EINECS: 201-180-5
Boiling Point: 112 °C
Purity: 99% White crystal; 70% Yellowish solution
Sample: Free
CAS number: 79-14-1
EC number: 201-180-5
Hill Formula: C₂H₄O₃
Chemical formula: HOCH₂COOH
Molar Mass: 76.05 g/mol

HS Code: 2918 19 98
Boiling point: 100 °C (decomposition)
Density: 1.49 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Flash point: >300 °C (decomposition)
Melting Point: 78 - 80 °C
pH value: 2 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.00093 hPa (25 °C)
Bulk density: 600 kg/m3
Melting point: 75-80 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 112 °C
Density: 1.25 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 10.8 hPa (80 °C)

refractive index: n20/D 1.424
Flash point: 112°C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear
pka: 3.83(at 25℃)
form: Solution
color: White to off-white
PH: 2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: at 100.00 %. odorless very mild buttery
Odor Type: buttery
Viscosity: 6.149mm2/s

Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,4498
BRN: 1209322
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
InChIKey: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.07 at 20℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: GLYCOLIC ACID
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 79-14-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

EWG's Food Scores: 1-4
NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: glycolic acid
FDA UNII: 0WT12SX38S
NIST Chemistry Reference: Acetic acid, hydroxy-(79-14-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: Glycolic acid (79-14-1)
Pesticides Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Glycolic Acid
Melting Point: 10.0°C
Boiling Point: 113.0°C
Color: Yellow
Linear Formula: CH2OHCOOH
Formula Weight: 76.04
Percent Purity: 70%

Density: 1.2700 g/mL
Physical Form: Solution
Specific Gravity: 1.27
Chemical Name or Material: Glycolic acid, 70% in water
Chemical Formula: C2H4O3
Weight: Average: 76.0514
Monoisotopic: 76.016043994
InChI Key: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
CAS number: 79-14-1
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyacetic acid

Traditional IUPAC Name: glycolic acid
SMILES: OCC(O)=O
Water Solubility: 608 g/L
logP: -1
logP: -1
logS: 0.9
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 3.53
pKa (Strongest Basic): -3.6
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 3
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2

Polar Surface Area: 57.53 Å²
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Refractivity: 14.35 m³•mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 6.2 Å³
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: Yes
Appearance (Form): Adhering crystals
Water: =<1 %

Melting point: 72°C to 80°C
Appearance (Color): White to off-white
Infrared spectrum: Conforms
Titration with NaOH: >=98.5 % (On dry substance)
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyacetic acid
Molecular Formula: C2H4O3
InChI Key: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: OCC(O)=O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 76.05
Chemical formula: C2H4O3

Molar mass: 76.05 g/mol
Appearance: White powder or colorless crystals
Density: 1.49 g/cm3[1]
Melting point: 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Boiling point: 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K), Decomposes above 100 °C
Solubility in water: 70% solution
Solubility in other solvents: Alcohols, acetone, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate[2]
log P: −1.05[3]
Vapor pressure: 1.051 kPa (80 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 3.83
Linear Formula: HOCH2COOH

CAS Number: 79-14-1
Molecular Weight: 76.05
Beilstein: 1209322
EC Number: 201-180-5
MDL number: MFCD00004312
UNSPSC Code: 12352100
eCl@ss: 39021303
PubChem Substance ID: 24847624
NACRES: NA.21
Physical state: crystalline

Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 75 - 80 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 169 °C at 998 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: > 300 °C - (decomposition)
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 2 at 50 g/l at 20 °C

Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: 6,149 mm2/s at 23 °C
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 300 g/l at 22 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: < 0,3 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,0041 hPa at 25 °C - OECD Test Guideline 104
Density: 1,26 g/cm3 at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available

Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Solubility in other solvents: Methanol > 1,402 g/l at 22 °C
Surface tension: 57 mN/m at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 115
Dissociation constant: 3,1 at 25 °C
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C2H4O3 = 76.05

Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Storage Temperature: Room Temperature
(Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 79-14-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 1209322
PubChem Substance ID: 87570382
Merck Index (14): 4498
MDL Number: MFCD00004312

IUPAC name: 2-hydroxyacetic acid.
Common name: Glycolic acid (often abbreviated GA).
Chemical formula: C₂H₄O₃ (HOCH₂COOH).
Molar mass: 76.05 g·mol⁻¹.
CAS number: 79-14-1.
EC / EINECS number: 201-180-5.
Physical form / appearance: white crystalline solid or colorless crystals; hygroscopic.
(Identifiers & summary data from ECHA / PubChem / ChemSpider)
Molecular formula / weight: C₂H₄O₃ ; 76.05 g·mol⁻¹.
Appearance: white powder / colorless crystals; hygroscopic.

Density: ≈ 1.49 g·cm⁻³ (literature values vary slightly by source/temperature).
Melting point: ~75–80 °C (decomposes near/above ~100 °C).
Boiling / decomposition: decomposes above ~100 °C; reported boiled/related values vary with pressure.
pKₐ (carboxylic acid): ≈ 3.83 (25 °C).
Water solubility: very soluble (miscible in water; widely used as aqueous solutions, e.g. 70% solutions are commercially common).
Log P (octanol/water): around −1.05 (hydrophilic).
Hygroscopicity: yes — absorbs moisture.
(Compiled from PubChem, ChemSpider, ChemicalBook and ECHA registration data).
Appearance: colorless crystals (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00

Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 79.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 265.57 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.001000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 264.00 °F. TCC ( 128.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -1.204 (est)
Soluble in:
alcohol
water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

FIRST AID MEASURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B: Non-combustible

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLYCOLIC ACID (HYDROACETIC ACID):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available