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GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT)

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) also helps reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, and softens imperfections.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) softens the appearance of pigmentation marks.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) reduces the signs of wrinkles and fine lines.

CAS Number: 79-14-1
EC Number: 201-180-5
MDL Number: MFCD00004312
Molecular Formula: C2H4O3 / HOCH2COOH
Molecular Weight: 76.05 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
glycolic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, 79-14-1, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Glycollic acid, Acetic acid, hydroxy-, glycolate, Polyglycolide, Caswell No. 470, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, HOCH2COOH, alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid, Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000101, HSDB 5227, NSC 166, Glycocide, GlyPure, BRN 1209322, NSC-166, EINECS 201-180-5, UNII-0WT12SX38S, MFCD00004312, GlyPure 70, 0WT12SX38S, CCRIS 9474, DTXSID0025363, CHEBI:17497, Hydroxyacetic acid-13C2, .alpha.-Hydroxyacetic acid, GLYCOLLATE, DTXCID105363, NSC166, EC 201-180-5, 4-03-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GOA, GLYCOLIC ACID (MART.), GLYCOLIC ACID [MART.], C2H3O3-, glycolicacid, C2H4O3, Glycolate Standard: C2H3O3- @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O, Hydroxyethanoate, a-Hydroxyacetate, OceanBlu Barrier, OceanBlu Pre-Post, hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-Hydroxyaceticacid, alpha-Hydroxyacetate, a-Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-hydroxy acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-hydroxyl ethanoic acid, HO-CH2-COOH, Hydroxyacetic acid solution, bmse000245, WLN: QV1Q, GLYCOLIC ACID [MI], Glycolic acid (7CI,8CI), GLYCOLIC ACID [INCI], GLYCOLIC ACID [VANDF], Glycolic acid, p.a., 98%, pari 30% Glycolic Acid Peel, pari 70% Glycolic Acid Peel, Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI), CHEMBL252557, GLYCOLIC ACID [WHO-DD], Glycolic Acid, Crystal, Reagent, HYDROXYACETIC ACID [HSDB], BCP28762, Glycolic acid, >=97.0% (T), STR00936, Tox21_301298, s6272, AKOS000118921, Glycolic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, CS-W016683, DB03085, HY-W015967, SB83760, CAS-79-14-1, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000101, NCGC00160612-01, NCGC00160612-02, NCGC00257533-01, FT-0612572, FT-0669047, G0110, G0196, Glycolic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, EN300-19242, Glycolic acid, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%, C00160, C03547, D78078, Glycolic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, HYDROXYACETIC ACID; HYDROXYETHANOIC ACID, Glycolic acid, BioXtra, >=98.0% (titration), Q409373, J-509661, F2191-0224, Hydroxyacetic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid, Z104473274, 287EB351-FF9F-4A67-B4B9-D626406C9B13, Glycolic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Glycolic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%, Glycolic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, O7Z, Hydroxyacetic acid, Glycolic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetate, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, A-Hydroxyacetate, A-Hydroxyacetic acid, Alpha-Hydroxyacetate, Alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid, Glycocide, Glycolate, Glycolic acid, Glycollate, Glycollic acid, GlyPure, GlyPure 70, Hydroxyacetate, Hydroxyacetic acid, Hydroxyethanoate, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Sodium glycolate, Sodium glycolic acid, α-Hydroxyacetate, α-Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxy carboxylate, 2-Hydroxy carboxylic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetate, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxyethanoate, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, a-Hydroxyacetate, a-Hydroxyacetic acid, Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI), Glycolic Acid, Hydroxyacetic Acid, Aceticacid,hydroxy-, acidehydroxyacetique, hydroxyaceticacid, glycolic, AHA, 2-HYDROXYACETIC ACID, GLYCOLATE, glycolic, HYDROXYACETIC ACID, HOCH2COOH, GLYCOLLIC ACID, Glycolic acid 70%, GLYCOLIC ACID SIGMAULTRA, glycolate (hydroxyacetate), GLYCOLIC ACID, HIGH PURITY, 70 WT.% SOLU TION IN WATER, glycolic acid glycocide kyselina hydroxyoctova 2-(14)c-labeled glycolic acid caswell no. 470 1-(14)c-labeled glycolic acid calcium salt glycolic acid monoammonium salt glycolic acid glycollate monopotassium salt glycolic acid, Hydroxyacetic acid, Glycollic acid, Alpha-hydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, Acetic acid hydroxy derivative, Acide glycolique, Ácido glicólico, Ethylene glycol monocarboxylic acid, Glycolic acid anhydrous, Hydroxyacetic acid, 2-hydroxyacetic acid, hydroacetic acid, glycolic acid, glycollate, acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, acetic acid, hydroxy-, glycol acid, glycolicacid, glycollic acid, GOA, 2- hydroxyacetic acid, a- hydroxyacetic acid, 2- hydroxyethanoic acid, glycolic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, Glycollic acid, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Acetic acid, hydroxy-, glycolate, Glycolic Acid High Purity, GlyAcid HAA, Hydroxyacetic Acid, Hydroxyethanoic Acid

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is a colorless, odorless alpha-hydroxy-acid (AHA) derived from sugarcane.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent)’s a type of chemical exfoliant that dissolves the bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to be wiped away easily, revealing smooth, younger skin below.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is a skin-care heavyweight, showing up in exfoliating cleansers, toners, and masks.
But what kinds of benefits can you get from a professional Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peel?
If you’ve only ever used Glycolic acid (peeling agent) in your at-home skin-care products, you might be wondering what these popular treatments can do for you.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peeling is a type of fruit acid extracted from sugar cane, etc., and is a chemical peeling agent with a small molecular weight that is exclusively used for medical institutions.
Because the particles are small, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) has high permeability, and it activates epidermal cells and promotes the production of collagen and elastin, giving the skin firmness and elasticity.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is also effective in suppressing melanin production, improving age spots, dullness, darkening of pores, and uneven skin tone.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is also ideal for treating acne as it dissolves dead skin cells and dirt clogged in pores.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is a type of superficial peel.
Superficial peels cause the top layers of damaged skin to peel away over 7-10 days.
Unlike medium or deep chemical peels, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) will not affect the underlying layers of tissue.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) comes in different concentrations ranging between 20%-70%.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is an alpha-hydroxy acid, derived from sugar cane, sugar beets, and other substances.

USES and APPLICATIONS of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
Cosmetics / skin care: Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is widely used as an exfoliant (AHA).
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is used in cleansers, toners, serums, leave-on or rinse-off products and professional chemical peels.
The most common agent found in peels, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) can come in different pH levels and concentrations (typically 20-70%) which will determine how much peeling it will cause.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is a great active ingredient for treating fine lines, light sun damage, enlarge pores and blackheads.
Because minor skin blemishes are located in the top layer of skin, a glycolic peel can give you much smoother skin with a more even tone.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is a superficial peeling agent that is made from sugar cane.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) has been proven to be very effective in the treatment of hyperpigmentation, melasma, actinic keratosis, acne, and oily skin, as well as other cosmetic uses.
Acting against hyperpigmentation, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) with glycolic acid reacts on the upper layers of the epidermis and weakens the lipids connections that hold dead skin cells together.

The cornea layer is refined, the skin is soft and smooth.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) also helps reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, and softens imperfections.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) softens the appearance of pigmentation marks

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) reduces the signs of wrinkles and fine lines
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) stimulates cellular renewal

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) (2-hydroxyacetic acid; CAS 79-14-1, EC 201-180-5) is the smallest AHA — highly water soluble and hygroscopic — widely used as an effective exfoliant in cosmetics and as a professional peel agent; low concentrations are commonly safe for consumer use with sun protection, while professional peels use much higher concentrations and require trained application

When a strong Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peel is used for exfoliation, it may cause increased skin sloughing and itching.
In such cases, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is advisable to avoid direct contact with sunlight as much as possible.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is used as a medium-strength chemical peel.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels are effective for treating several skin conditions.
This treatment is done professionally by doctors and licensed cosmetologists or aestheticians.

-Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is best for the following conditions:
Melasma
Acne
Mild photoaging
Superficial hyperpigmentation
Fine wrinkles
Enlarged pores

COMBINING GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) WITH OTHER PROCEDURES:
Since Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels are a progressive treatment, combining these peels with other treatments in an antiaging protocol like microdermabrasion, microneedling, or even IPL may provide the greatest result.

Whether these treatments are performed simultaneously or independent of one another depends on several factors: your scope of practice, the health and preparation of the client’s skin, and the proposed treatments themselves.

Telangiectasia that appears as a result of chemical peeling can be easily combated with IPL or photo facials.
Alternating these treatments with a Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peel can provide amazing antiaging benefits.

Even the advantages of a basic facial coupled with exfoliation like microdermabrasion alternating with a peel can even the stratum corneum and allow for a more even peel and beautiful complexion.

Some protocols call for a microdermabrasion treatment in the same service as the peel.
This is slightly more aggressive and would be considered a medical esthetic procedure by most state regulations.

MECHANISM OF ACTION ON SKIN (BRIEF) of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) acts primarily by weakening the intercellular cement (corneodesmosomes and adhesive proteins) between corneocytes, increasing desquamation (exfoliation) and promoting epidermal turnover.

At higher concentrations / longer exposures, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) produces controlled epidermal injury that accelerates remodeling — hence its use in peels.
Because Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is small and hydrophilic it penetrates effectively relative to larger AHAs.

COMPATIBILITY & FORMULATION NOTES of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
pH matters: lower pH increases activity and irritation potential.
Manufacturers adjust pH and buffering to balance efficacy and tolerability.
Vehicle: gels and buffered lotions can slow penetration vs. aqueous solutions — formulation changes clinical effect and tolerability.
Not generally recommended to mix strong actives (benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, strong BHAs) without professional guidance.

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Primary alcohols
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds

SUBSTITUENTS OF GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
*Alpha-hydroxy acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound

WHAT IS A GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) PEEL LIKE?
facial dermatology
During a chemical peel, professionally applied acids are used to treat the facial skin by removing the outermost layer, triggering regeneration of new facial tissues for healthier skin.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is a popular type of rejuvenating peel that contains the alpha hydroxyl acid known as Glycolic acid (peeling agent).
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) was first prepared in 1851 and is used extensively as a dyeing and tanning agent, a flavoring agent, and in skin products.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) can be found in beet sugar, cane sugar, and unripe grapes.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is known to exfoliate the skin quite effectively, as it can easily penetrate the tissues.

*The Glycolic Peel
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) breaks through the dead skin on a cellular level.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) helps remove dead skin and dirt from the skin’s surface, revealing newer and brighter-looking skin.

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Glycolic acid (peeling agent) help rejuvenate the skin.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) reduces brown sunspots and creates a younger and more even skin tone.
Because the peel unclogs pores, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is also used to get rid of mild acne, superficial acne scars, and blackheads.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) can also be helpful for getting rid of hyperpigmentation on the skin, such as sunspots, brown acne scars, or melasma.
After a Glycolic acid (peeling agent), the skin appears brighter and refreshed.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is known for its anti-aging properties.
Repeated Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels accelerate the growth of collagen and elastin in the skin, reducing fine lines on the face and minimizing the appearance of pores.

GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) PEEL TREATMENT PROCESS:
At the start of the Glycolic acid (peeling agent) procedure, your face will be carefully cleaned.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) will be applied to your facial skin, and once it has had time to penetrate into your skin layers, it will be removed.

After Your Glycolic Peel Treatment
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) temporarily increases the sensitivity of the skin to the sun.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is therefore advisable to avoid sun exposure or wear a hat, scarf, and effective sunscreen after a glycolic peel treatment.

In the days after Glycolic acid (peeling agent), sloughing of the treated skin will occur.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) depends on the concentration of acid used in the chemical peel.
If Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is used mildly, there are chances of slight peeling and skin reddening.
Some may also feel a temporary burning sensation.
However, these effects are short-lived and last for two to three days.

THE SCIENCE OF GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) PEELS FOR MELASMA:
Glycolic acid belong to the alpha hydroxy acid family of peels
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peel accelerates the turnover of skin cells
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels can also potentiate the delivery of products into the skin

Faster turnover means healthy skin with less pigment
Melasma improves within 4 weeks of peeling

Glycolic peels have no downtime or recovery,unlike Cosmelan / Dermamelan peels
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels are classed as superficial peels.

They are best used to improve skin quality, including reduction of pigment as well as fine lines, surface irregularities & sun damage.
A typical peeling program consists of 5 peels, conducted over 10-12 weeks.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels are classed as superficial AHA or alpha hydroxy acid peels.
Other types of AHA peels include lactic & mandelic peels.

These agents break the bonds between skin cells, which aid in cellular turnover, or chemical exfoliation.
By turning over more skin cells, skin becomes brighter & healthier.
The result is less pigmentation.

GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) PEELS FOR MELASMA:
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is one of our favorite peels.
Classified as a lunchtime peel, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) has no downtime.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peel is ideal for treating age spots, sun damage as well as melasma pigmentation.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peel strengths are tailored for each client.

BENEFITS OF USING A GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) PEEL ON YOUR SKIN
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels are the most common alpha-hydroxy acid peels used by dermatologists.
When used correctly, they’re considered safe and cause no downtime for people who get them.

To acquire optimal results, you may require several peels over a period of time as determined by a doctor.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels have proven benefits in the treatment of several skin conditions:

*Acne and acne scars
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels are effective for removing blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples from skin.
They also help to reduce pore size.

Consistent and repeated use of Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels have been shown to be effective for removing cystic lesions and acne scars from skin.

*Ingrown hairs and scarring
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) has been found to be effective for reducing the occurrence of ingrown hairs on the face and body.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) also helps reduce the scarring caused by ingrown hairs.

*Stretch marks
Stretch marks often start out as red or purple (striae ruba).
They tend to fade in color, turning white over time.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels stimulate collagen production in the skin, and have been found to be effective for treating white stretch marks (striae alba).

*Dark spots (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation)
Trauma to the skin can result in producing excess melanin, which causes dark spots called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
This type of trauma can result from a number of causes, including overuse of chemical products, acne, and eczema.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation presents as flat patches that are tan, brown, or black in color.
This condition typically resolves completely after the application of 6 to 8 glycolic acid peels.

*Melasma
Melasma is a type of hyperpigmentation that causes dark patches to form on skin.
These patches often occur symmetrically on the face.
This condition is also known as cholasma and is common during pregnancy.
In order to optimize effectiveness, glycolic acid is sometimes mixed with other skin lightening ingredients like hydroquinone to treat this condition.

*Photoaging
Too much sun exposure can cause premature aging of the skin.
This is known as photoaging.
Symptoms of photoaged skin include:
**sagging
**wrinkling
**dark spots

Photoaged skin can also appear rough with scaly patches called actinic keratosis.
These can become cancerous if they’re not removed.
Mild symptoms of photoaging can often be treated effectively with Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels.

Some people have better results when a combination of Glycolic acid (peeling agent) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is used.
Severe signs of photoaging, such as deep wrinkles, typically require medical treatment.

HOW DOES A GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) PEEL WORK?
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels slough off the surface and middle layers of skin, removing dead skin cells and debris.
Since Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is made up of small molecules, it readily penetrates skin, removing the lipids that hold dead skin cells together.
The percentage of Glycolic acid (peeling agent) contained in the peel determines how deeply it can penetrate the skin’s layers.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) also loosens and lifts excess oil from hair follicle roots, which is why it’s often used to treat acne.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent)’s also thought to suppress the production of melanin, which may be why it’s beneficial for reducing dark spots.

BENEFITS of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
speeds desquamation of stratum corneum, improves skin texture, reduces fine lines, evens pigmentation, increases skin radiance, and can improve acne/clogged pores.

Chemical peels (medical/aesthetic): Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is used at substantially higher concentrations (see Safety & Usage section below).
Pharmaceutical / topical: keratolytic agent, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) sometimes used in dermatology formulations.
Industrial / synthesis: intermediate in organic synthesis; Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is used in textile dyeing/tanning and as a monomer precursor for poly(glycolic acid) type polymers.

TYPICAL FORMULATIONS & PEEL CATEGORIES of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
Low-concentration daily cosmetics: commonly 1–10% Glycolic acid (peeling agent) in leave-on or rinse-off products (lower concentrations recommended for home use).
Superficial peels / professional peels: commonly 20–50% (some clinical protocols use up to ~70% for certain superficial/medium depth procedures).
The effect and depth depend on concentration, pH, vehicle (gel vs solution), application time and skin preparation.

CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR / NOTABLE CHARACTERISTICS of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
*Smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA):
the hydroxyl on the α-carbon increases acidity vs. acetic acid and increases skin penetration compared with larger AHAs.
Good metal-binding (carboxylate can coordinate to metal ions).

*Reactivity:
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) participates in esterification (esters like methyl/ethyl glycolate are common derivatives) and polymer chemistry (polyglycolic acid / PGA monomer relationships).

HOW TO USE GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) FOR SKIN CARE PROFESSIONALS:
Even with all the advances, technology, and procedures available in skin care, chemical peels continue to be a mainstay in the esthetics industry.
With so many types of peels on the market, there’s a peel for everyone.

In esthetics school, lactic, glycolic, and salicylic are usually the peels we learn first, and become confident with, before branching out to more aggressive peeling agents like TCA or blended acids.
The acid that often gets overlooked or underused in today’s world of “bigger is better” is Glycolic acid (peeling agent).

WHAT IT IS
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is often thought of as a basic peeling agent derived from sugarcane or strawberries.
However, that is far from the truth.

While there are many natural and organic peeling options on the market, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is usually manufactured synthetically and can be unpredictable when used.

(1) Because Glycolic acid (peeling agent) has no end point, allowing the acid to travel deeper than intended if left on the skin too long, it requires neutralization to end the peeling process.
Due to its small molecular size, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) also has the ability to absorb quickly and can cause the skin to peel unevenly.

(2) Irregular skin peeling is also caused by the health of the skin, the preparation of the skin leading up to the peel, and home care.
For instance, if the client has been spot treating at home with a retinol, uneven peeling may occur.
Additionally, deeper peeling is possible in areas where the skin was defatted more aggressively before the procedure.

WHO SHOULD TRY A GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) PEEL?
Do your skin concerns include managing hyperpigmentation or fending off fine lines and wrinkles?
If yes, then a Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peel might be the treatment for you.

Because it’s a powerful exfoliant, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) can visibly reduce signs of aging and hyperpigmentation by weakening the connections between the cells in the top layer of the skin, which helps remove the dead skin cells, giving the skin a refreshed look and a glowing complexion.

More specifically, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) reacts readily with the upper layer of the skin, weakening the binding properties of the lipids that hold the dead skin cells together through a process called desquamation.
That allows the outer skin to dissolve, subsequently revealing the underlying skin.

When it comes to managing melasma, Glycolic acid (peeling agent) can be used to suppress the formation of melanin pigment in the skin.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) does so by inhibiting the actions of tyrosinase, an enzyme that normally speeds up the complex process by which the pigment melanin is produced by certain types of skin cells.

Slowing this process down results in less hyperpigmentation.
But don’t expect to see results straight away; Glycolic acid (peeling agent) normally takes between four and eight treatments before you see a significant difference.

BENEFITS of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) increases collagen and elastin content in the dermis.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) revitalizes dull, sun-damaged and tired skin.
Firm tones and restores youthful glow.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) removes dead skin and clogging-prone residues to unclog pores and effectively treats hormonal secretions.

WHO GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) HELPS:
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is traditionally used as an antiaging treatment or to correct dry and/or dehydrated skin, fine lines and wrinkles, and pigmentation.
Sometimes Glycolic acid (peeling agent) can be used to combat acne, but there are far better choices for this.

Depending on the strength of Glycolic acid (peeling agent), the results achieved can vary.
Improvement in pigmentation and wrinkles with just one peel is not realistic.

For a client who hopes to target these various aging issues, a series of 5–8 peels should be suggested.
A noticeable difference will be seen with this progressive treatment plan.

ADVANTAGES of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
Alpha hydroxy acids, including Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels, are among the mildest forms of chemical peel.
These treatments lead to a smoother and more radiant skin.

They are especially useful for men and women who have:
*Superficial wrinkles and fine lines on the face, neck, chest or arms
*Uneven pigmentation
*Enlarged pores, particularly on the face
*Superficial acne scars on the face
*Age (liver) spots
*Dry patches

CAN YOU GET A GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) PEEL IF YOU HAVE ACNE-PRONE OR SENSITIVE SKIN?
We know that chemical peels can, over time, improve the appearance of some acne scars.
But can you get them done if you have active acne?
Yes!
In fact, there’s some research to show that Glycolic acid (peeling agent) has antibacterial effects on P. acnes, the bacteria responsible for inflammatory acne.

However, if you have sensitive skin or a condition like psoriasis, rosacea, or eczema, is it essential to speak with a board-certified dermatologist prior to any chemical peels.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) tends to be more irritating than other chemical exfoliants, so you may need to choose a different acid or figure out a different treatment option.

It’s also important to avoid doing a peel if you have a sunburn or active skin infection.
And if you’re taking any prescription medications for your acne, you should talk about that with your dermatologist before doing a peel, as these can also irritate your skin.

GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) CHEMICAL PEEL:
What is it?
A popular kind of peel utilizes Glycolic acid (peeling agent), a form of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) isolated from sugarcane.
This is among the most active and beneficial of the alpha hydroxy acid skin care products, which are useful in reducing irritation of the skin.

What does it do?
A Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peel works by weakening the cells that hold dead skin cells together.
This enables the damaged outer layer of skin to be removed (peeled away) to reveal new skin underneath.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) also penetrates the membranes of the new skin cells, stimulating them to generate collagen and elastic fibers that improve the appearance of skin as well as strengthen it.

CHEMICAL / GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) PEELS: REVEAL FRESH SKIN BENEATH THE SURFACE
What is it?
Chemical solutions, applied directly to the skin, “peel away” surface damage to reveal the healthier, more vibrant skin that lies beneath.
These chemical and glycolic peels treat damage caused by sun exposure ( photoaging), erase unattractive spots (such as freckles or liver spots) and remove fine lines and wrinkles.
Chemical peels may be used on other parts of the body, including the chest, hands or arms, in addition to the face.

What does it do?
A chemical peel works by removing several layers of sun- and weather-damaged skin cells, renewing the color and texture of the skin’s surface.
Removing the top layers of skin may also stimulate formation of new collagen, making skin feel suppler.

There are peels of differing intensity.
You may choose one to repair skin on the surface, to a moderate depth, or elect to have a peel that goes quite deep into the layers of skin.
Your doctor will discuss the best options with you.

What does it feel like?
Depending on the intensity of the peel you decide to have, you may be given topical or local anesthetic to reduce discomfort.
Before your peel, you will be given pre-treatment skin conditioners to apply for several weeks in advance.

These help encourage exfoliation and also may reduce pigmentation, making the skin more amenable to dramatic improvements.
Correct use of the conditioners can also reduce healing time.

After a superficial peel, some patients experience redness and swelling that resembles a sunburn – usually this lasts no longer than 48 hours.
Makeup may be applied after two hours.
Moderate and deeper peels typically result in prolonged healing time.

Superficial peels may be repeated fairly frequently in the office and at home with a home peel system.
Moderate and deeper peels are usually only needed every three to six months.

USES & EFFECTIVENESS of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
POSSIBLY EFFECTIVE FOR
*Acne.
Applying Glycolic acid (peeling agent) to the skin seems to help reduce acne in people 12 years and older who have mild to moderate acne.

*Aging skin.
Applying Glycolic acid (peeling agent) to the skin seems to reduce wrinkles and other signs of aging and sun damage.

*Acne scars.
Applying Glycolic acid (peeling agent) to the skin, alone or together with microneedling, seems to reduce acne scars.
Dark skin patches on the face (melasma).

Applying Glycolic acid (peeling agent) to the skin, alone or together with other treatments, seems to reduce mixed-type and epidermal-type melasma.

But Glycolic acid (peeling agent) doesn't seem to help dermal-type melasma, which occurs in a deeper layer of the skin.
There is interest in using Glycolic acid (peeling agent) for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

The lower the pH, the deeper the peeling.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) (from sugar cane) is the most common peeling agent.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) can be used to treat fine lines and wrinkles, sun damage, improve skin texture, brighten skin.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) do not use in summer.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) obtained from sugar cane is used in the most common alpha hydroxy acid bark.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) has the lowest molecular weight among all alpha hydroxy acids.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) penetrates the skin easily, making it a popular peeling agent.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) peels have anti-inflammatory, keratolytic and antioxidant effects.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) targets the corneosome by increasing degradation and decreasing cohesion, causing desquamation.

BENEFITS of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
• Exfoliating action
• Sebum-regulating action
• Assists in the treatment against spots
• Minimizes fine lines and wrinkles
• Helps treat post-acne residue
• Brightening action

FEATURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
Exfoliating peeling containing 10% Glycolic acid (peeling agent) extracted from sugar cane stimulates natural skin renewal for a visible anti-aging effect.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent)'s action is effective but gradual and gentle.

The formulation is also enriched by: an intensely moisturizing biotechnological complex, (Sodium PCA, Urea, Trehalose, Hyaluronic Acid) Vigna aconitifolia plant extractt (botanical equivalent of retinol) Propionic acid (biotechnological) from plant fibers prevents damage from UV exposure.

OVERVIEW of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
Alpha hydroxy acids are natural acids found in foods.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) comes from sugarcane.

Alpha hydroxy acids like Glycolic acid (peeling agent) work by removing the top layers of dead skin cells.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) also seems to help reverse sun damage to the skin.

People use Glycolic acid (peeling agent) for acne, aging skin, dark skin patches on the face, and acne scars.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) is also used for stretch marks and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.

Don't confuse Glycolic acid (peeling agent) with other alpha hydroxy acids, including citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid.
These are not the same.

GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT) PEEL – MEDIUM PEEL FOR DRY SKIN AND MATURE SKIN:
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) removes dead skin and prone clogging residue to unclog pores and effectively treat hormonal breakouts.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) minimizes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating collagen and elastin content in the dermis.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) revitalizes dull, sun-damaged and tired skin.
Firm tones and restores youthful glow.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) has a high resistance exfoliant.
Glycolic acid (peeling agent) works by removing the outer layers of thickened or keratinized cells and dissolving sebum and cell-binding substances, leaving fresh skin with a smoother, healthier appearance and best suited for anyone seeking fine line reduction and renewed clarity.

Glycolic acid (peeling agent) helps to maintain and improve the results of peelings and other professional treatments.
Skin Improvements: Anti-aging, blemishes, hormonal acne, crow’s feet, enlarged pores, hyperpigmentation, ingrown hair, men’s skin, uneven skin texture, uneven skin tone, age spots, dry skin, melasma, mature skin, scaly skin.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
Appearance: Clear yellow to light amber Solution
Titration with NaOH: 65 to 72 % w/w
GC: ≥94 %
Enantiomeric excess: ≥97.5 % (GC)
Melting Point: 10.0°C
Boiling Point: 113.0°C
Color: Yellow
Linear Formula: CH2OHCOOH
Formula Weight: 76.04
Percent Purity: 70%

Density: 1.2700 g/mL
Physical Form: Solution
Specific Gravity: 1.27
Chemical Name or Material: Glycolic acid, 70% in water
Molecular Weight: 76.05 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 76.016043985 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 76.016043985 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 40.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling point: 112 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.26 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 10 °C
pH value: 0.5 (700 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 27.5 hPa (25 °C)

Color: colorless liquid
Assay (acidimetric): 69.0 - 74.0 %
Density: (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 1.260 - 1.280
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 3 ppm
Refractive index (n 20°/D): 1.410 - 1.415
pH-value: 0.0 - 1.0
Chemical formula: C2H4O3
Molar mass: 76.05 g/mol
Appearance: White powder or colorless crystals
Density: 1.49 g/cm3

Melting point: 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Boiling point: Decomposes
Solubility in water: 70% solution
Solubility in other solvents: Alcohols, acetone,
acetic acid and ethyl acetate
log P: −1.05
Acidity (pKa): 3.83
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 10 °C

Initial boiling point and boiling range 112 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,25 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information: No data available
Product name: Glycolic Acid
Other name: Hydroxyacetic Acid
EINECS: 201-180-5
Boiling Point: 112 °C
Purity: 99% White crystal; 70% Yellowish solution
Sample: Free
CAS number: 79-14-1
EC number: 201-180-5
Hill Formula: C₂H₄O₃
Chemical formula: HOCH₂COOH
Molar Mass: 76.05 g/mol

HS Code: 2918 19 98
Boiling point: 100 °C (decomposition)
Density: 1.49 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Flash point: >300 °C (decomposition)
Melting Point: 78 - 80 °C
pH value: 2 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.00093 hPa (25 °C)
Bulk density: 600 kg/m3
Melting point: 75-80 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 112 °C
Density: 1.25 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 10.8 hPa (80 °C)

refractive index: n20/D 1.424
Flash point: 112°C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear
pka: 3.83(at 25℃)
form: Solution
color: White to off-white
PH: 2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: at 100.00 %. odorless very mild buttery
Odor Type: buttery
Viscosity: 6.149mm2/s

Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,4498
BRN: 1209322
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
InChIKey: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.07 at 20℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: GLYCOLIC ACID
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 79-14-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

EWG's Food Scores: 1-4
NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms: glycolic acid
FDA UNII: 0WT12SX38S
NIST Chemistry Reference: Acetic acid, hydroxy-(79-14-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: Glycolic acid (79-14-1)
Pesticides Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Glycolic Acid
Melting Point: 10.0°C
Boiling Point: 113.0°C
Color: Yellow
Linear Formula: CH2OHCOOH
Formula Weight: 76.04
Percent Purity: 70%

Density: 1.2700 g/mL
Physical Form: Solution
Specific Gravity: 1.27
Chemical Name or Material: Glycolic acid, 70% in water
Chemical Formula: C2H4O3
Weight: Average: 76.0514
Monoisotopic: 76.016043994
InChI Key: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
CAS number: 79-14-1
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyacetic acid

Traditional IUPAC Name: glycolic acid
SMILES: OCC(O)=O
Water Solubility: 608 g/L
logP: -1
logP: -1
logS: 0.9
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 3.53
pKa (Strongest Basic): -3.6
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 3
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2

Polar Surface Area: 57.53 Å²
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Refractivity: 14.35 m³•mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 6.2 Å³
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: Yes
Appearance (Form): Adhering crystals
Water: =<1 %

Melting point: 72°C to 80°C
Appearance (Color): White to off-white
Infrared spectrum: Conforms
Titration with NaOH: >=98.5 % (On dry substance)
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyacetic acid
Molecular Formula: C2H4O3
InChI Key: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: OCC(O)=O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 76.05
Chemical formula: C2H4O3

Molar mass: 76.05 g/mol
Appearance: White powder or colorless crystals
Density: 1.49 g/cm3[1]
Melting point: 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Boiling point: 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K), Decomposes above 100 °C
Solubility in water: 70% solution
Solubility in other solvents: Alcohols, acetone, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate[2]
log P: −1.05[3]
Vapor pressure: 1.051 kPa (80 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 3.83
Linear Formula: HOCH2COOH

CAS Number: 79-14-1
Molecular Weight: 76.05
Beilstein: 1209322
EC Number: 201-180-5
MDL number: MFCD00004312
UNSPSC Code: 12352100
eCl@ss: 39021303
PubChem Substance ID: 24847624
NACRES: NA.21
Physical state: crystalline

Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 75 - 80 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 169 °C at 998 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: > 300 °C - (decomposition)
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 2 at 50 g/l at 20 °C

Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: 6,149 mm2/s at 23 °C
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 300 g/l at 22 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: < 0,3 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,0041 hPa at 25 °C - OECD Test Guideline 104
Density: 1,26 g/cm3 at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available

Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Solubility in other solvents: Methanol > 1,402 g/l at 22 °C
Surface tension: 57 mN/m at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 115
Dissociation constant: 3,1 at 25 °C
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C2H4O3 = 76.05

Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Storage Temperature: Room Temperature
(Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 79-14-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 1209322
PubChem Substance ID: 87570382
Merck Index (14): 4498
MDL Number: MFCD00004312

IUPAC name: 2-hydroxyacetic acid.
Common name: Glycolic acid (often abbreviated GA).
Chemical formula: C₂H₄O₃ (HOCH₂COOH).
Molar mass: 76.05 g·mol⁻¹.
CAS number: 79-14-1.
EC / EINECS number: 201-180-5.
Physical form / appearance: white crystalline solid or colorless crystals; hygroscopic.
(Identifiers & summary data from ECHA / PubChem / ChemSpider)
Molecular formula / weight: C₂H₄O₃ ; 76.05 g·mol⁻¹.
Appearance: white powder / colorless crystals; hygroscopic.

Density: ≈ 1.49 g·cm⁻³ (literature values vary slightly by source/temperature).
Melting point: ~75–80 °C (decomposes near/above ~100 °C).
Boiling / decomposition: decomposes above ~100 °C; reported boiled/related values vary with pressure.
pKₐ (carboxylic acid): ≈ 3.83 (25 °C).
Water solubility: very soluble (miscible in water; widely used as aqueous solutions, e.g. 70% solutions are commercially common).
Log P (octanol/water): around −1.05 (hydrophilic).
Hygroscopicity: yes — absorbs moisture.
(Compiled from PubChem, ChemSpider, ChemicalBook and ECHA registration data).
Appearance: colorless crystals (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00

Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 79.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 265.57 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.001000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 264.00 °F. TCC ( 128.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -1.204 (est)
Soluble in:
alcohol
water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

FIRST AID MEASURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
-Extinguishing media:
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B: Non-combustible

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLYCOLIC ACID (PEELING AGENT):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available