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GLYCOLIC ACID

CAS NUMBER: 79-14-1

EC NUMBER: 201-180-5

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C2H4O3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 76.05

 

 

ABOUT:

Glycolic Acid is an exfoliant targeted at the surface of the skin. 
Glycolic Acid helps improve skin clarity, balance uneven skin tone, and correct texture over time. 
Glycolic Acid contains a derivative of plant origin which varies in colour seasonally and this colour variation may be apparent in the formula from time to time.
Glycolic Acid should not be used on sensitive, peeling or compromised skin. 

This pH of Glycolic Acid is approximately 3.6. 
Glycolic Acid has a pKa of 3.6 and pKa is the most important aspect to consider in formulating with acids. 
When pKa is close to pH, there is an ideal balance between salt and acidity, maximizing effectiveness of the acid and reducing irritation.
Glycolic acid is a natural ingredient derived from sugar cane, though it is now often made synthetically. 

Glycolic acid has cosmetic grade and pharmaceutical Grade.
Glycolic Acid falls into the set of ingredients called AHA’s, or alpha hydroxy acids. 
There are five ingredients that fall into the AHA category.

 

APPLICATION:

-Glycolic Acid can remove the dead cells on the skin and can also be used as depilatory.

-Moisturizing skin care.

-Prevent and repair of skin cell damage.

-Good lubricity and smooth the skin.

-Can used for cosmetic material alpha hydroxy acid production.

-Nourish skin, delay skin aging.

 

WARNINGS:

For external use only. 
Before use, apply the product to a small part of your skin in order to prevent possible unwanted side effects and irritation, continue using the product if sensitivity does not occur. 
In case of sensitivity after application, stop using the product and consult your doctor. 
Avoid contact with eyes. In case of contact, wash with plenty of water. 

Store in a safe place out of the reach of children and out of direct sun contact. 
Glycolic Acid is not recommended to be applied on sensitive and irritated skin. 
Due to its AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acid) content, it can make your skin sensitive to the sun and cause sunburns. 
Do not neglect to use sunscreen from the moment you start using the product.

 


DESCRIPTION:

Glycolic Acid is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid, highly soluble in water. 
Glycolic Acid is used in various skin-care products. Glycolic acid is widespread in nature. 
Glycolic Acid is a salt or ester of glycolic acid.

 


PREPARATION:

Glycolic acid can be synthesized in various ways. 
The predominant approaches use a catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas (carbonylation of formaldehyde), for its low cost.
Glycolic Acid is also prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide followed by re-acidification.
Other methods, not noticeably in use, include hydrogenation of oxalic acid, and hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin derived from formaldehyde.
Some of today's glycolic acids are formic acid-free. Glycolic acid can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe and unripe grapes.
Glycolic acid can also be prepared using an enzymatic biochemical process that may require less energy.

 


PROPERTIES:

Glycolic acid is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron-withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group. 
The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions forming coordination complexes. 
This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of its proton.

 


APPLICATION:

Glycolic acid is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent.
Glycolic acid is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis, in a range of reactions including: oxidation-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization. 
Glycolic Acid is used as a monomer in the preparation of polyglycolic acid and other biocompatible copolymers.
Commercially, important derivatives include the methyl esters which are readily distillable (boiling points 147–149 °C and 158–159 °C, respectively), unlike the parent acid. The butyl ester (b.p. 178–186 °C) is a component of some varnishes, being desirable because it is nonvolatile and has good dissolving properties.

 

OCCURENCE:

Plants produce glycolic acid during photorespiration. 
Glycolic Acid is recycled by conversion to glycine within the peroxosomes and to tartronic acid semialdehyde within the chloroplasts.

Because photorespiration is wasteful side reaction with regards to photosynthesis, much effort has been devoted to suppressing its formation. 
One process converts glycolate into glycerate without using the conventional BASS6 and PLGG1 route; see glycerate pathway.

 


SAFETY:

Glycolic acid is an irritant to the skin.
Glycolic Acid occurs in all green plants.

 


WHAT IS GLYCOLIC ACID:

Glycolic acid is a type of alpha-hydroxy acid (or AHA) that's derived from sugar cane. 
Glycolic Acid joins other acids you might recognize, such as lactic acid (derived from sour milk and purportedly a favorite of Cleopatra's), tartaric acid (from grapes), and citric acid—which, you might guess, comes from citrus fruits.
Glycolic acid is a natural ingredient derived from sugar cane, though it is now often made synthetically. 
Glycolic acid has cosmetic grade and pharmaceutical Grade. 
Glycolic Acid falls into the set of ingredients called AHA’s, or alpha hydroxy acids. 

 

RECOMMENDED OF GLYCOLIC ACID:

Glycolic Acid’s high water solubility and small molecular size allow it to penetrate deep inside concrete residues and reactfrom within. 
Because of its less corrosive nature Glycolic Acid can be used on most surfaces and equipment without concerns for etching and damage. 
Glycolic Acid is easier to dispose of than other cleaning agents such as phosphoric acid or HCl.
Glycolic acid is a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) made from sugar cane. 
Glycolic Acid is one of the most widely used AHAs in skincare products.

 

HOW GLYCOLIC ACID WORKS:

Glycolic acid has the smallest-sized molecules of all the AHAs.
This allows glycolic acid to absorb into the skin and exfoliate it even better than other AHAs.
Glycolic acid works by speeding up cell turnover.
In other words, Glycolic Acid dissolves the bonds that hold skin cells together. 
In effect, your skin is able to shed dead skin cells more quickly than it would on its own.

Glycolic acid triggers your skin to make more collagen as well.
Glycolic Acid is the protein that makes skin firm, plump, and elastic. 
Glycolic Acid also gives your bones and connective tissues their strength.
Your skin makes less collagen as you age. 
Collagen is also destroyed when you spend too much time in the sun.  
Using glycolic acid each day can help prevent the breakdown of collagen.

 

WHAT IT DOES FOR YOUR SKIN:

-Anti aging: Glycolic Acid smooths fine wrinkles and improves the skin's tone and texture.

-Hydration: Glycolic Acid plumps the skin and prevents it from getting dry.

-Sun damage: Glycolic Acid fades dark patches caused by sun damage and protects collagen from the sun.

-Complexion: Glycolic Acid brightens the skin when used regularly.

-Exfoliation: Glycolic Acid prevents ingrown hairs and makes pores appear smaller by helping the skin shed dead skin cells.

-Acne: Glycolic Acid cleans out pores to prevent comedones, blackheads, and inflamed breakouts.

 


DESCRIPTION:

This daily moisturizer works with natural mechanisms to balance the skin and increase its moisture capacity, leaving a mattifying effect that looks flawless under make-up. 
Light and silky soft, Glycolic Acid is easily accepted by the skin and is quickly absorbed to obtain a matte and visibly nourished skin. 
The citrus scent is obtained from carefully selected natural essential oils as a rejuvenator and rejuvenator. 
The Glycolic Acid Activator dissolves instantly in the skin, working as an excellent base to increase the effectiveness.

 


PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Boiling point: 112 °C (1013 hPa)

-Density: 1.26 g/cm3 (20 °C)

-Melting Point: 10 °C

-pH value: 0.5 (700 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)

-Vapor pressure: 27.5 hPa (25 °C)

 

STORAGE:

Store below +30°C.

 

SPECIFICATION:

-Assay (acidimetric): 69.0 - 74.0 %

-Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.260 - 1.280

-Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 3 ppm

-Refractive index (n 20°/D): 1.410 - 1.415

-pH-value: 0.0 - 1.0

 


DEFINITION:

Glycolic acid is a substance that chemically exfoliates the skin by dissolving dead skin cells and oils. 
Glycolic Acid is naturally present in certain plants, such as beets, sugarcane, and some fruits. 
Due to its properties, Glycolic Acid is also a popular ingredient in skin care products.
Glycolic Acid helps to gently cleanse the skin of dead skin, oil, dirt and make-up residues, reduce the appearance of pores and balance sebum secretion. 
Glycolic Acid is effective in protecting the skin against signs of aging by renewing it.

Glycolic Acid is a combination of various fruit acids; citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid and tartaric acid, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. 
Glycolic Acid has ability in removing dead cells from the skin surface. 
Glycolic Acid has a gentle exfoliating effect and contributes to the renewal of the skin and a better appearance. 
Glycolic Acid is not recommended for the use of sensitive skin due to its low PH.

Glycolic Acid penetrates the skin effectively and quickly and shows exfoliating effect. 
Glycolic Acid promotes cell regeneration and contributes to the skin’s smooth, soft and hydrated.
Glycolic acid is universally known as one of the most iconic anti-aging ingredients for its ability to boost cellular turnover and have a peeling effect. 
Naturally derived from botanicals, this AHA is perfect to be used as an exfoliator and anti-wrinkle treatment. 
Glycolic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated. 
Glycolic Acid has a role as a metabolite and a keratolytic drug. 

Glycolic Acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a primary alcohol. 
Glycolic Acid is functionally related to an acetic acid. 
Glycolic Acid is a conjugate acid of a glycolate.
Glycolic acid is a metabolite found.

Glycolic Acids molecules are the smallest among the AHAs, so it is able to penetrate the skin and be better absorbed.
Glycolic Acid works by breaking the bonds between old skin cells and freeing them, so they can be exfoliated. 
When used routinely, Glycolic Acid helps accelerate the skin's renewal process, bringing fresh new skin to the surface, which looks younger and dewier.
Glycolic acid exfoliates the skin by removing dead skin cells. 
Although nature does not require assistance at a young age, it becomes much more difficult for the skin to get rid of dead cells beyond the age of 30. 

The buildup of dead skin cells leads the skin to appear dull and gray, increasing the probability of impurities and flakes.
Glycolic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid, derived from sugar cane, sugar beets, and other substances. 
Glycolic Acid’s used as a medium-strength chemical peel. 
Glycolic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Glycolic acid peels are effective for treating several skin conditions. 

This treatment is done professionally by doctors and licensed cosmetologists or aestheticians.
Glycolic acid is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). 
Glycolic Acid is mainly supplemented to various skin-care products to improve the skin’s appearance and texture. 
Glycolic Acid can also reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation. 

In textile industry, it can be used as a dyeing and tanning agent. 
Glycolic Acid can also be used as a flavoring agent in food processing, and as a skin care agent in the pharmaceutical industry. 
Glycolic Acid can also be added into emulsion polymers, solvents and ink additives to improve flow properties and impart gloss. 
Moreover, Glycolic Acid is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis including oxidative-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.

 

USAGE AREAS:

-Dead skin cells accumulate on human skin. 

-As a result, dry skin, acne formation and wrinkles occur on the skin. 

-Skin care products containing Glycolic Acid (Glycolic Acid) are produced to prevent the accumulation of dead skin cells on the skin.

-Chemicals containing 2-Hydroxyacetic Acid are used to increase the moisture level of the skin. 

-In this way, the water binding capacity of the skin is increased. 

-There is Hyaluronic Acid in the skin. 

-Glycolic Acid is used to increase the water holding capacity of Hyaluronic Acid.

-Age spots form as people age. In the cosmetic industry, formulas containing Glycolic Acid are used to remove these age spots to look younger.

-Glycolic Acid is used for pH control.

-Glycolic Acid is an important component in chemical grinding of metals.

-Organic acid can be used in required formulas.

-Glycolic Acid is used in the cosmetics industry in combination with products made to brighten the skin.

-Products containing Glycolic Acid, produced in cream form, are formulated with several different compounds. 

-These include Salicylic Acid, Vitamin E, and Oils.

-Glycolic Acid is used in the manufacture of creams for the treatment of flaky skin skins.

-Due to its chemical structure, Glycolic Acid is a chemical compound that can be used to make the hair brighter, healthier and straighter by reacting with the keratin in the hair structure.

-Glycolic Acid is used in the production of chemical peels produced to treat acne on the skin.

-Glycolic Acid is used in cosmetic preparations produced to fill wrinkles on the skin, to prevent moisture loss of the skin and to increase the production of hyaluronic acid. 

-Glycolic Acid in the category of Alpha-Hydroxyacid, which is therapeutically effective, is used to eliminate dermatological disorders on the skin. 

-Glycolic Acid is formulated in amphoteric composition and polymeric form. 

-These dermatological disorders are blackheads. It also indirectly contributes to the production of collagen proteins.

-Glycolic Acid is used for increasing the resistance against environmental and biological stress in plants and for the growth of the plant. 

-The optimal glycolic acid concentration is in the range of 2-500 ppm to prevent stress in plants. 

-The way of use can be added to the leaves, soil and irrigation system of the plant.

 


SYNONYM:

glycolic acid
2-Hydroxyacetic acid
hydroxyacetic acid
79-14-1
Glycollic acid
Hydroxyethanoic acid
Acetic acid, hydroxy-
glycolate
Caswell No. 470
Glycocide
alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid
Kyselina glykolova
Kyselina glykolova 
Kyselina hydroxyoctova
HOCH2COOH
2-Hydroxyethanoic acid
Kyselina hydroxyoctova 
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000101
GlyPure
HSDB 5227
NSC 166
Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-
AI3-15362
UNII-0WT12SX38S
MFCD00004312
GlyPure 70
BRN 1209322
Acetic acid, hydroxy-, homopolymer
.alpha.-Hydroxyacetic acid
GLYCOLLATE
0WT12SX38S
NSC166
CHEBI:17497
NSC-166
26124-68-5
Polyglycollic acid
GOA
glycolicacid
Dexon (polyester)
C2H4O3
Poly(L-glycolic acid)
Glypure 70 homopolymer
Glycolic acid homopolymer
EINECS 201-180-5
Hydroxyacetic acid homopolymer
Hydroxyethanoate
a-Hydroxyacetate
CCRIS 9474
hydroxy-acetic acid
2-Hydroxyaceticacid
alpha-Hydroxyacetate
a-Hydroxyacetic acid
Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, homopolymer
Glycolic Acid 70%
Glycolic acid solution
2-hydroxy acetic acid
2-hydroxy-acetic acid
omega-Hydroxy fatty acid
2-hydroxyl ethanoic acid
Glycolic acid, polyesters
HO-CH2-COOH
DSSTox_CID_5363
bmse000245
WLN: QV1Q
EC 201-180-5
DSSTox_RID_77763
Glycolic acid (7CI,8CI)
DSSTox_GSID_25363
4-03-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Glycolic acid, p.a., 98%
Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI)
CHEMBL252557
DTXSID0025363
Glycolic Acid, Crystal, Reagent
Glycolic acid solution, 56-58%
BCP28762
Glycolic acid, >=97.0% (T)
STR00936
ZINC4658557
Tox21_301298
s6272
STL197955
AKOS000118921
Glycolic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
CS-W016683
DB03085
Glycolic acid solution, puriss., 70%
HY-W015967
MCULE-9792551388
CAS-79-14-1
NCGC00160612-01
NCGC00160612-02
NCGC00257533-01
Glycolic acid, 66-70% aqueous solution
K398
Glycolic acid solution, CP, 70% in H2O
FT-0612572
FT-0669047
G0110
G0196
Glycolic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Glycolic acid, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%
C00160
C03547
D78078
Glycolic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
HYDROXYACETIC ACID; HYDROXYETHANOIC ACID
Glycolic acid, BioXtra, >=98.0% (titration)
Glycolic acid solution, technical, ~55% in H2O
Q409373
J-509661
F2191-0224
Glycolic acid solution, high purity, 70 wt. % in H2O
Hydroxyacetic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid
Z1259155884
287EB351-FF9F-4A67-B4B9-D626406C9B13
Glycolic acid solution, technical grade, 70 wt. % in H2O
Glycolic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Glycolic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%
Glycolic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

 


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

Glycolic acid, CH20HCOOH, also known as hydroxyacetic acid, is composed of colorless deliquescent leaflets that decompose at approximately 78° C (172 OF). 
It is soluble in water,alcohol,and ether.
Glycolic acid is used in dyeing, tanning, electropolishing,and in foodstuffs. 
It is produced by oxidizing glycol with dilute nitric acid.

 


USES:

In the processing of textiles, leather, and metals; in pH control, and wherever a cheap organic acid is needed, e.g. in the manufacture of adhesives, in copper brightening, decontamination cleaning, dyeing, electroplating, in pickling, cleaning and chemical milling of metals.
Glycolic Acid (hydroxyacetic acid) reduces corenocyte cohesion and corneum layer thickening where an excess buildup of dead skin cells can be associated with many common skin problems, such as acne, dry and severely dry skin, and wrinkles. 
Glycolic Acid acts by dissolving the internal cellular cement responsible for abnormal keratinization, facilitating the sloughing of dead skin cells. 
Glycolic Acid also improves skin hydration by enhancing moisture uptake as well as increasing the skin’s ability to bind water. 

This occurs in the cellular cement through an activation of glycolic acid and the skin’s own hyaluronic acid content. 
Hyaluronic acid is known to retain an impressive amount of moisture and this capacity is enhanced by glycolic acid. 
As a result, the skin’s own ability to raise its moisture content is increased. glycolic acid is the simplest alpha hydroxyacid (AHA). 
Glycolic Acid is also the AHA that scientists and formulators believe has greater penetration potential largely due to its smaller molecular weight. 

Glycolic Acid is mildly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes if the formulation contains a high glycolic acid concentration and/ or a low pH. 
Glycolic Acid proves beneficial for acne-prone skin as it helps keep pores clear of excess keratinocytes. 
Glycolic Acid is also used for diminishing the signs of age spots, as well as actinic keratosis. 
However, glycolic acid is most popularly employed in anti-aging cosmetics because of its hydrating, moisturizing, and skin-normalizing abilities, leading to a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. 
Regardless of the G skin type, glycolic acid use is associated with softer, smoother, healthier, and younger looking skin. 
Glycolic Acid is naturally found in sugarcane but synthetic versions are most often used in cosmetic formulations.

 


IUPAC NAME:

2-hydroxy acetic acid
2-Hydroxyacetic acid
2-hydroxyacetic acid
2-Hydroxyethanoic acid
2-hydroxyethanoic acid
glycol acid
Glycolic Acid
Glycolic acid
Glycolic Acid
Glycolic acid
glycolic acid
Glycolic Acid 70 % High Pure
Glycollic acid
glycollic acid
Glycollic acid

 


TRADE NAME:

Glycolic acid
Glycolic Acid 70 % High Pure
Glycos Basic 57
Glycos Basic 70
Glycos Clear 70
Glypure 70
Glytech Basic 57
Glytech Basic 70

 

 

 

 

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