HECTORITE

CAS: 12173-47-6
European Community (EC) Number: 235-340-0
Molecular Formula: H2LiMgNaO12Si4-2
Molecular Weight: 360.6
IUPAC Name: lithium;magnesium;sodium;1,3,5,7-tetraoxido-2,4,6,8,9,10-hexaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetrasilatricyclo[5.1.1.13,5]decane;dihydroxide

Hectorite is an unusual mineral which is categorized as a clay and has a smooth and creamy texture.

Benefits: this natural mineral is commonly used in cosmetics as a thickener and texturizing ingredient. 
Has a high silica content.

Hectorite is a rare soft, greasy, white clay mineral with a chemical formula of Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(OH)2.

Hectorite was first described in 1941 and named for an occurrence in the United States near Hector (in San Bernardino County, California, 30 miles east of Barstow.) 
Hectorite occurs with bentonite as an alteration product of clinoptilolite from volcanic ash and tuff with a high glass content.
Hectorite is also found in the beige/brown clay ghassoul, mined in the Atlas Mountains in Morocco.
A large deposit of hectorite is also found at the Thacker Pass lithium deposit, located within the McDermitt Caldera in Nevada. 
The Thacker Pass lithium deposit could be a significant source of lithium.

Despite its rarity, Hectorite is economically viable as the Hector mine sits over a large deposit of the mineral. 
Hectorite is mostly used in making cosmetics, but has uses in chemical and other industrial applications, and is a mineral source for refined lithium metal.

Hectorite is the common name for a relatively rare, naturally occurring clay and also the name of the active mineral in the clay.  
Hectorite is a trioctahedral, magnesium based smectite clay. 
The unique properties of the hectorite active mineral are very small platelet size, an elongated platelet structure with an inherent negative charge counterbalanced by exchangeable sodium (Na+) ions, light color with low iron content and high viscosifying ability in water.

Hectorite is used in applications that require lighter color, higher viscosity, and thermal stability.  
Commercial applications of hectorite include ceramics, cosmetics, high temperature organoclays for oil well drilling and paints/coatings.

Hectorite is a clay mineral from altered volcanic tuff ash with a high silica content related to hot spring activity. 
Smectite group mineral. 

HECTORITE is classified as :

-Absorbent

-Bulking

-Viscosity controlling

Pegmatites are the usual source for minerals associated with lithium: spodumene, lepidolite, and petalite are common. Lithium can also be extracted from brines in evaporite beds. And, finally lithium can also be found in commercially viable amounts in sedimentary rocks that contain the mineral hectorite.

Lithium is used primarily for industrial applications in lithium-ion batteries, additives for iron, steel and aluminum production, lithium greases and heat-resistant ceramics.

Hectorite is a slippery white clay, a smectite clay and an end-member of the montmorillonite group. 
Hectorite contains magnesium and lithium but only a very small amount of aluminum. 
Hectorite first found in Hector, California, hectorite may contain up to 1 – 1.2% lithium. 
Hectorite shows distinctive absorption features at 1400nm and 1900nm similar to other smectite clays including montmorillonite, and more distinctive features at 2300 and 2380nm. 
Other less distinct absorption features are sometimes found near 960nm and 1100nm.

Hectorite is a mineral clay. 
Hectorite is actually fairly rare in the world. 
Despite this, one mine in the world sits above a large hectorite mineral deposit. 
This mine is in the Cady Mountains in San Bernardino, California. 
Hectorite is also found in Arizona, Nevada, Morocco, France and Turkey.

Hectorite contains a large amount of silicon and oxygen which makes silicates. 
There are actually quite a few clays that are used in cosmetics because of their silicates.
Most commonly hectorite is chosen to use because it is natural and it makes the texture of cosmetics feel smooth. 
However, hectorite is a great absorber and purifier. 
Hectorite is amazing for purifying your skin as well and leaving it clear.

Hectorite is described most often as a white, somewhat greasy clay. 
However, this is the characteristics of the clay found in California. 
Around the world, hectorite can range from white to brown, depending on the minerals found around it.

Now, as we are going to talk about hectorite as a mineral. 
We first need to note where minerals are found (in the ground) and that most minerals actually have very long names, even though they are naturally occuring. 
Many clays and minerals are also deposited based on geologic activity such as volcanoes.

Hectorite is always found with a bentonite (type of volcanic ash) deposit. 
This is because hectorite is an alteration of clinoptilolite. 
Clinoptilolite, which sounds long, is a type of volcanic glass in tuff (rock made from volcanic ash). 
When there is hot spring activity in the area, the clinoptilolite is transformed into clay and the minerals and water in the hot springs transform it into hectorite.

Simply, a volcano explodes depositing bentonite and clinoptilolite, hot springs occur in the area much later and boom, you have hectorite. 
So, to get hectorite, you not only need deposits from volcanic activity, but you need hot spring activity. 
These two things together as the reason that this clay is very rare on the planet.

Hectorite is a natural layered magnesium-lithium silicate, and it is a trioctahedral clay mineral with an ideal chemical formula of Na0.6Mg2.7Li0.3Si4O10(OH)2 in the smectite group. 
The layered structure of hectorite is composed of Si-O-Mg(Li)-O-Si- layers separated by hydrated cations (e.g. Na+, Li+) in the interlayer space. 
Each layer (ca. 0.96 nm thin) consists of two Si-O-Si tetrahedral sheets sandwiching a Mg-O-Li octahedral sheet in a so-called 2:1 arrangement. 
The adjacent negatively-charged 2:1 layer is fixed by positively-charged interlayer cations and by hydrogen bonding between water molecules coordinated to interlayer cations and basal oxygen atoms of tetrahedral sheets. 
The partly isomorphous substitution of Li+ for Mg2+ in the octahedral sheets cause negative charges that is compensated by interlayer cations in the interlayer space and the interlayer cations are exchangeable. 
Hectorite nanolayers possess anisotropic distribution of charge in the layer: negative charges on the basal faces and positive charges on the edges.
The amphoteric groups (Mg-O, Li-O, and Si-O) at the broken edge of the crystals is protonated (Mg-OH2+, Li-OH2+, and Si-OH2+) or deprotonated (Mg-O-, Li-O-49 ,and Si-O-), depending on the pH. 
Hectorite has cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from 50 to 150 mmol/100g over the pH range of 6 to 13, and specific surface area about 350m2/g.

Hectorite can spontaneously swelling and then delaminate in water.
Many dispersed individual layers in water can then form the structure of “house-of-cards”. 
Such randomly oriented “house-of-cards”, and t stacking can be destroyed and aligned under a shearing force. 
Under static condition, an aqueous dispersion of delaminated hectorite can form sol or hydrogel with a 3D network, primarily dependent on the concentration, media and electrolyt. 
As such, the aqueous dispersion of hectorite exhibits superior and tunable rheological and thixotropic properties.

Hectorite deposits in nature are rare. 
Due to the geological environments and conditions, natural hectorite at different deposits has variable crystallinity and various impurities, limiting the use of hectorite. 
Hectorite is one of easily synthesized clay minerals by a hydrothermal process in the laboratory and in industry. 

Laponite, a kind of synthetic hectorite, has been produced on a large scale and widely used. 
Ideally, well-synthetic hectorite is homogeneous in composition and crystallinity by controlling the hydrothermal process. 

Besides, studies have indicated that hectorite-like solid can be synthesized by a solid-state reaction or template synthesis. 
In this way, the nanolayer can be controlled to have a high aspect ratio or to be conducive to form porous structure. 
In addition, the reactive groups on the surface and the edge of hectorite allow hectorite to be functionalized by grafting. 
The functionalized hectorite can be further assembled with other molecules and nanomaterials to form nanohybrids or nanocomposites by layer-by-layer assembly, template assembly or hierarchical assembly.
New discoveries and technologies about hectorite emerged constantly, and one can say that the excitement of hectorite continues unabated in the recent decade. 
Traditionally, hectorite can be used as adsorbent, catalytic and rheological additives. 
More recently, hectorite is often seen to be used in the fields of advanced analytic and optical, diagnostic, medical materials and tissue engineering. 
In particular, new technologies for synthesis, modification and assembly of hectorite is paving the way for many new applications of hectorite. 

Applications:

Hectorite has been commercially used in such industries as cosmetics, detergents, coatings, and paints in which the excellent colloidal properties of hectorite nanoparticles are advantageous.
A small amount of hectorite is added into the polymeric system can form functional hydrogels with improved properties. 
Hectorite can also be used as adsorbents and catalysts. 
Recent years has witnessed that hectorite nanoparticles are increasingly studied for being used in analysis, energy materials and biomaterials. 
For instance, hectorite-coated spherical silica particles were used as chiral high performance liquid chromatography column packing materials.
The layered hectorite nanoparticles can improve optical resolution and reduce the volume of mobile phase used. 
Yang and Zhang (2018) successfully developed a hectorite nanolayer/carbon black-coated Celgard separator to inhibit polysulfde shuttle of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery efficiently. 
Besides, the abundant Li+ and the layered nanostructure of the hectorite nanolayer enhanced the Li+ conductivity. 
Consequently, the Li–S batteries showed a high initial reversible capacity, high rate performance, superior cycling stability, and ultralow self-discharge. 

Hectorite, as an easily synthesized and gel-formed clay mineral, has captured particular attention of scientists and technologists since the middle of the 20th century. 
An upsurge of developing strategies for modification and new applications is seen in recent decades. 
Despite the fact that of hydrothermal synthesis of hectorite are well commercialized, new quicker and cleaner processes, typically melt solid-state reaction and continuously microfluidic synthesis, are emerging and needed, with an objective to better achieve. 
Quicker delamination of synthetic hectorite and higher aspect ratio of hectorite nanolayers. 
During the process, the extent to which hectorite delaminate, the size of hectorite nanolayers or layer charge density of the hectorite and also modification will be finely controlled simultaneously.
In addition to ion exchange, intercalation, and pillaring, many new strategies for modifying hectorite have now been developed. 
Surface engineering and tactic assembly of hectorite nanolayers allow many hectorite-based nanohybrids and hierarchical materials to be fabricated.
Accordingly, the applications of hectorite have been significantly broaden. 
As well-defined 2D nanolayers, the assembly of hectorite nanoparticles with other molecules into functional films and membranes or hierarchical materials seems to be the most promising research topics. 
Nevertheless, it should not be neglected that the conventional yet exclusively characteristics of hectorite, such as hydrogelation and thickening, rheological and thixotropic properties can be utilized in a wide range of fields and it worth further developing. 
Particularly, such features are essential in 3D printable ink materials and smart soft matter.
In-depth understanding of physical and chemical properties of hectorite and new modification and assembly of hectorite nanoparticles are needed. 
In addition to adsorbents and catalysts, increasing concerns are about the uses of hectorite for making fluorescent reporters, biosensors, drug carriers and biomaterials for cell culture, tissue engineering and tumor therapy.
Nevertheless, the insights into the functionality and inherent chemical and biological mechanism of hectorite-based materials in vivo remain in infancy and are still elusive. 
With the rapid development of cleaner synthesis process technology, tactic modification and assembly, the applications of the hectorite will be further expanded. 
Because synthetic hectorite possess exclusive nanostructure, nanoscale interlayer space and nanolayer, to use for surface plasmon resonance catalysts, biosensors, targeted drug vehicles, and tissue engineering materials could be new driving force to stimulate the expansion of synthetic hectorite in industry and related profitable marketplace in near future.

Hectorite (Na 0.3 Mg 2.7 Li 0.3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ) is a trioctahedral clay mineral with peculiar cation exchange capacity, surface reactivity and adsorption, and easy delamination in water into individual nanolayers, which can then re-assemble in various ways. 
The aqueous dispersion of hectorite exhibits exclusive rheological and thixotropic properties. 

Hectorite - (Mg,Li)3 Si4O10 (OH)2 Na0.3 (H2O)4 is lithium magnesium sodium montmorillonite (bentonite is largely sodium calcium magnesium montmorillonite). 
Typically hectorite contains much less iron and titanium than bentonite and contains almost no alumina (being essentally a hydrated silicate). 
In addition it is very high in magnesia compared to other clays.

While 1-2% iron content in regular bentonite has minimal effect on fired whiteness, tiny amounts of titanium do affect translucency, making otherwise white ware look grey. 
This is attributed to fibrous rutile crystals in the porcelain matrix. 
In addition, titanium can react with any iron present to produce Fe/Ti spinel which is intensely black in colour.

The purest kaolins are also the least plastic, plastic ball clays are high in Fe/Ti. 
This makes hectorite an interesting material for the best white porcelain.

Hectorite is a soft, greasy clay mineral that forms near Hector, California (in San Bernardino County). 
The mineral is rare in that it is found primarily in one mine. 
The chemical composition of hectorite includes: sodium, lithium, magnesium, silicon, hydrogen and oxygen. 
Hectorite is mostly used in the manufacturing of cosmetics, but has uses in chemical and other industrial applications.

Hectorite occurs with bentonite as an alteration product of clinoptilolite from volcanic ash and tuff with a high glass content.

A clay mineral similar in structure to bentonite but with more negative charges on its surface. 
Organophilic hectorite, made by the wet process, is a premium performance additive for use in oil-base drilling mud.

Hectorite, a rare white clay mineral, is found in the brown clay ghassoul which is used in making cosmetics and as a mineral source for refined lithium metal. 
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Hectorite is a rare magnesium lithium clay mineral belonging to the Smectite clay mineral group. 
Smectites are a group of clays that are tri-Iayered hydrous alumino-silicates in the mica family of phylosilicates. 
The main difference between a smectite clay and mica is the intermellar surfaces ofsmectite clay contain readily exchangeable cations that hydrate easily. 
This accounts for the unique swelling properties of the smectite clays. 
The most common members of the smectite clay group are montmorillonite and hectorite.

Because hectorites are naturally occurring minerals, they are found in different purity levels. 
Depending on the purity level, hectorites can be purified by water-washing or air classification. 
The most effective and functional purification process in water-washing.  
This process removes the non-clay particles producing a high purity hectorite that hydrates quickly making it very efficient. 
A water-washed hectorite common purification method is air classification. 
An air classified hectorite would be used where high purity is important, but due to cost restraints, slight contaminant levels are acceptable. 
An example of where such a product can be used is in a floor/wall tile body.

Hectorite is a rare soft, greasy, white clay mineral with a chemical formula of Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(OH)2. 
Hectorite was first described in 1941 and named for an occurrence in the United States near Hector Hectorite occurs with bentonite as an alteration product of clinoptilolite from volcanic ash and tuff with a high glass content. 
Hectorite is also found in the beige/brown clay ghassoul, mined in the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. 
Hectorite is mostly used in making cosmetics, but has uses in chemical and other industrial applications, and is a mineral source for refined lithium metal.

Hectorite (Na0.6Mg2.7Li0.3Si4O10(OH)2) is a trioctahedral clay mineral with peculiar cation exchange capacity, surface reactivity and adsorption, and easy delamination in water into individual nanolayers, which can then re-assemble in various ways. 
The aqueous dispersion of hectorite exhibits exclusive rheological and thixotropic properties. 
The paper reviews recent progress in the synthesis, modification, assembly and applications of hectorite. 
The present methods for synthesizing hectorite are hydrothermal synthesis, melt synthesis and structure-directed synthesis. 
Modification of hectorite can be made by ion exchange, intercalation, pillaring and grafting. 
Layer-by-layer assembly, template assembly and hierarchical assembly have been used to formed a variety of hectorite-containing hybrids and nanocomposites such as films, membranes, capsules and Janus nanoparticles. 
Hectorite and hectorite-derived materials can be used as adsorbents, catalysts, fluorescent reporters, hydrogels, and biomaterials. 
Literature survey has indicated that hectorite has been successfully used as rheological and thixotropic materials, and are being developed to be used in battery, fluorescent reporters, drug vehicles and tissue engineering.

A basic silicate of magnesium and lithium; it is a clay mineral of the montmorillonite group

Hectorite is a Li-rich trioctahedral smectite where Li can occur both in the octahedral and the interlayer sites of the mineral structure.
Hectorite forms either authigenically or as an alteration product under low temperature and hydrothermal conditions.

Hectorite, a rare white clay mineral, is found in the brown clay ghassoul which is used in making cosmetics and as a mineral source for refined lithium metal.

Hectorite is a naturally occurring 2 : 1 phyllosilicate clay of the smectite (montmorillonite) group and is a principal component of bentonite clay. Hectorite occurs as an odorless, white to creamcolored, waxy, dull powder composed of aggregates of colloidalsized lath-shaped crystals.

Hectorite is one of the principal constituents of bentonite clay.
used as a thickener and suspending agent in water-based systems in oil-in-water emulsions.

Pharmaceutical Applications:

Hectorite is used widely in pharmaceutical preparations as an absorbent, emulsifier, stabilizer, suspending agent, thickener, and viscosity-controlling agent.
Hectorite is a component of other naturally occurring clays and hence may be suitable for use in similar pharmaceutical formulation applications as an adsorbent, oil-in-water emulsifying agent, suspending agent, or viscosity-increasing agent. 
Hectorite is also available as a synthetic material. Hectorite is used to modify the thixotropic behavior of pharmaceutical dispersions and for stabilizing oil-inwater emulsion bases. 
When combined with an appropriate cation, hectorite exhibits properties suitable for use as a contrast agent.

Hectorite is one of the montmorillonite minerals that are the principal constituents of bentoniteclay.

Advantages

-High gelling efficiency

-Produce reproducible thixotropic consistency over a wide temperature range

-Imparts particle suspension, preventing hard settling of pigment and fillers

-Exerts strong film reinforcing action in organic binder systems

Hectorite is a rare soft, greasy, white clay mineral with a chemical formula of Na0.3(Mg, Li)3 Si4O10(OH)2. 
Hectorite is a basic silicate of magnesium and lithium; it is a clay mineral of the montmorillonite group. 
Hectorite is mostly used in making cosmetics, but has used in chemical and other industrial applications, and is a mineral source for refined lithium metal.

Hectorite was first described in 1941 and named for an occurrence in the United States near Hector.

SYNONYMS:

HECTORITE

12173-47-6

Hectorite (clay mineral)

UNII-08X4KI73EZ

EINECS 235-340-0

08X4KI73EZ

Q3129310

Hectorite ((Mg2.67Li0.33)Si4Na0.33(F0.5-1(OH)0-0.5)2O10)

HECTORITE((MG2.67LI0.33)SI4NA0.33[F0.5-1(OH)0-0.5]2O10)