PRODUCTS

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE

CAS NO.: 58-93-5
EC/LIST NO.: 200-403-3

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ or HCT) is a diuretic medication often used to treat high blood pressure and swelling due to fluid build up.
Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine.
Hydrochlorothiazide is less effective than chlortalidone for prevention of heart attack or stroke.
Hydrochlorothiazide is taken by mouth and may be combined with other blood pressure medications as a single pill to increase effectiveness.

Potential side effects include poor kidney function;
electrolyte imbalances, including low blood potassium, and, less commonly, low blood sodium, gout, high blood sugar, and feeling lightheaded with standing.
While allergies to HCTZ are reported to occur more often in those with allergies to sulfa drugs, this association is not well supported.
Hydrochlorothiazide may be used during pregnancy, but it is not a first-line medication in this group.

Hydrochlorothiazide is in the thiazide medication class and acts by decreasing the kidneys' ability to retain water.
This initially reduces blood volume, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output.
Hydrochlorothiazide is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance in the long run.

Two companies, Merck and Ciba, state they discovered the medication which became commercially available in 1959.
Hydrochlorothiazide is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Hydrochlorothiazide is available as a generic drug and is relatively affordable.
In 2019, it was the eleventh most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 38 million prescriptions

Hydrochlorothiazide is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat edema (fluid retention; excess fluid held in body tissues) caused by various medical problems, including heart, kidney, and liver disease and to treat edema caused by using certain medications including estrogen and corticosteroids.
Hydrochlorothiazide is in a class of medications called diuretics ('water pills').
Hydrochlorothiazide works by causing the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine.

High blood pressure is a common condition and when not treated, can cause damage to the brain, heart, blood vessels, kidneys and other parts of the body.
Damage to these organs may cause heart disease, a heart attack, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, loss of vision, and other problems.
In addition to taking medication, making lifestyle changes will also help to control your blood pressure.
These changes include eating a diet that is low in fat and salt, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising at least 30 minutes most days, not smoking, and using alcohol in moderation.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that helps prevent your body from absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention.

Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).

Hydrochlorothiazide is also used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, or kidney disorders, or edema caused by taking steroids or estrogen.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a prescription drug.
Hydrochlorothiazide comes as a tablet or capsule that you take by mouth.

Hydrochlorothiazide oral tablet is available in a generic form only.
Generic drugs usually cost less than brand-name drugs.

Hydrochlorothiazide is used alone or together with other medicines to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries.
If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly.
This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure.
High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks.
These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled.

Hydrochlorothiazide is also used to treat fluid retention (edema) that is caused by congestive heart failure, severe liver disease (cirrhosis), kidney disease, or treatment with a steroid or hormone medicine.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill).
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to help reduce the amount of water in the body by increasing the flow of urine.
Hydrochlorothiazide may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that helps prevent your body from absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention.

Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).

Hydrochlorothiazide may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that makes you urinate more.
Hydrochlorothiazide works in the kidneys to remove extra water and certain electrolytes (like sodium and potassium) to lower blood pressure and reduce swelling.

Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat excessive fluid accumulation and swelling (edema) of the body caused by heart failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, corticosteroid medications, and nephrotic syndrome.
Hydrochlorothiazide also is used alone or in conjunction with other blood pressure lowering medications to treat high blood pressure.
Although hydrochlorothiazide is approved for treating edema in cirrhosis of the liver, it is rarely used because of the availability of other diuretics that are more effective.
Hydrochlorothiazide can be used to treat calcium-containing kidney stones because it decreases the amount of calcium excreted by the kidneys in the urine and thus decreases the amount of calcium in urine to form stones.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a medicine used to treat high blood pressure and certain cases of edema (fluid retention in the body).

This medicine is in a class of drugs called diuretics.
Hydrochlorothiazide works by prompting the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first approved hydrochlorothiazide in 1959.

Hydrochlorothiazide sold under various brand names, including Microzide.

If you have high blood pressure, your doctor may prescribe hydrochlorothiazide.
Hydrochlorothiazide a prescription drug that’s used in adults with this condition.

Hydrochlorothiazide can also be used to help treat edema (water retention) that’s caused by another medical condition.
These conditions include heart failure and kidney disease.

Hydrochlorothiazide may also be used in some children with these conditions.
And for some of its uses, a doctor may recommend it together with other medications.

For more information about how hydrochlorothiazide is used, see the “What is hydrochlorothiazide used for?” section below.

Microzide (hydrochlorothiazide) is a prescription drug belonging to a class of medications called thiazide diuretics, also commonly called “water pills.”
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and fluid retention (edema) caused by certain conditions.

Hydrochlorothiazide is not exactly known how hydrochlorothiazide works, but it is thought to remove extra salt and water from the body by increasing urine flow.
By doing this, hydrochlorothiazide keeps your heart from working too hard to pump blood which lowers blood pressure and reduces swelling.

Eventually, the rate at which your heart pumps blood returns to normal, and the peripheral vascular resistance is reduced, which leads to a continued decrease in blood pressure.

Microzide is available in tablet and capsule form.

Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a group of medications known as thiazide diuretics; it is a medication which causes increased volume of urine.
Hydrochlorothiazide is only available with a doctor’s prescription.

Hydrochlorothiazide is used to help relieve fluid retention (oedema) and also to lower blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide does this by making your child go to the toilet more often, and passing more urine.
Sometimes it is used to treat high calcium levels in the blood.

Hydrochlorothiazide treats high blood pressure and helps with fluid retention.
This medication increases urination, so take it earlier in the day to avoid having to get up in the night to urinate.

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide-type diuretic that has been used clinically for more than half a century.
The drug has been widely used to treat hypertension globally and is relatively very safe.
Hydrochlorothiazide acts on the distal convoluted tubules and inhibits the sodium chloride co-transporter system.
This action leads to a diuretic action that lowers blood pressure, but there is also a potassium loss in the urine.
This activity outlines the indications, mechanism of action, dosing, important adverse effects, contraindications, monitoring, and toxicity of HCTZ and increases practitioners' knowledge regarding how to approach this medication and use and monitor it effectively to drive better patient outcomes.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide-type diuretic that has been used clinically for more than half a century.
The drug has been widely used to treat hypertension globally and is relatively very safe.
Hydrochlorothiazide acts on the distal convoluted tubules and inhibits the sodium chloride co-transporter system.
This action leads to a diuretic action and loss of potassium in the urine.
The half-life of hydrochlorothiazide varies from 6 to 12 hours.
Of the thiazide diuretics, hydrochlorothiazide is the most frequently used for the treatment of hypertension.
Unfortunately, over the past decade, the use of hydrochlorothiazide has been declining, and it is being replaced by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which overall are far more effective and have fewer adverse effects.

Indicated as adjunctive therapy to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, corticosteroid, and estrogen therapy.
Indicated to treat edema associated with renal dysfunction.
Indicated to treat hypertension as a sole agent or adjunct.
There have been countless studies showing that when hydrochlorothiazide is prescribed at doses of 12.5 mg to 25 mg per day, it can lower the systolic blood pressure by 5 mmHg to 7 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure by 4 mmHg to 5 mmHg over a 24 hour period.
While this magnitude of blood pressure lowering is small compared to the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, or beta-blockers, the effects of hydrochlorothiazide are more consistent and reliable in almost all populations.
At doses of 50 mg, the effects of hydrochlorothiazide are similar to those seen by calcium channel blockers (verapamil), beta-blockers (metoprolol), or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (enalapril).

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic used in the management of edema and hypertension.
In hypertension, thiazide diuretics are often used as initial therapy, either alone or in combination with other agents.
Unlike the loop diuretics, their efficacy is diminished in patients with renal insufficiency.
Hydrochlorothiazide also has been used to treat diabetes insipidus and hypercalciuria, although these are not FDA-approved indications.
Hydrochlorothiazide was approved by the FDA in 1959.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic (water pill).
Hydrochlorothiazide works by blocking salt and fluid reabsorption in the kidneys, causing increased urine output (diuresis).
Hydrochlorothiazide has also been used in treating mild high blood pressure, even though the mechanism of blood pressure lowering is not well understood.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a white, or practically white, crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 297.74, which is slightly soluble in water, but freely soluble in sodium hydroxide solution.
Hydrochlorothiazide is known as a thiazide diuretic.
Thiazide diuretics act in the kidney to remove water from the blood into the urine, by causing an increase in the removal of salts such as potassium and sodium from the blood.
This removal of salts causes water to be drawn out of the blood and into the kidneys, where it is then excreted in the urine.

Removing water from the blood decreases the volume of fluid circulating through the blood vessels.
This drop in fluid volume results in a drop in the pressure of the fluid within the blood vessels, which helps to lower high blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide also decreases the effort required by the heart to pump blood around the body.
There are many conditions which may lead to an accumulation of fluid in the body (oedema).
Hydrochlorothiazide is commonly used in conditions such as heart failure, where the pumping mechanism of the heart is less effective.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to relieve the symptoms of heart failure, such as the shortness of breath seen with fluid on the lungs.
Hydrochlorothiazide is also used to remove excess fluid associated with cirrhosis of the liver, kidney disease and premenstrual tension.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium by the tubule at the cortical dilution segment.
Hydrochlorothiazide increases the urinary excretion of sodium and chlorides and, to a lesser extent, the excretion of potassium and magnesium, thereby increasing diuresis and exerting an antihypertensive action.

The time to onset of diuretic activity is approximately 2 hours.
This activity is maximum after 4 hours and is maintained for 6 to 12 hours.
The therapeutic effect of thiazide diuretics remains on a plateau beyond a certain dose, while the undesirable effects continue to increase: if the treatment is ineffective, it is not useful and often poorly tolerated to increase doses in excess of the recommended dosages.

Hydrochlorothiazide works by helping the kidneys to get rid of excess fluid and salt through urine.
That way, edema can be reduced and blood pressure can drop.
This drug can be taken as a single drug or in combination with other drugs.

Hydrochlorothiazide is frequently used for the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, symptomatic edema, diabetes insipidus, renal tubular acidosis.
Hydrochlorothiazide is also used for the prevention of kidney stones in those who have high levels of calcium in their urine.

Hydrochlorothiazide is recommended as an appropriate option for initial monotherapy in patients with mild primary hypertension.
A systematic, multinational, large-scale analysis by Suchard et al.
supported equivalence between drug classes for initiating monotherapy in hypertension, however thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics showed better primary effectiveness and safety profiles than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.

Hydrochlorothiazide is less potent but not necessarily less effective than chlorthalidone in reducing blood pressure.
More robust studies are required to confirm which drug is superior in reducing cardiovascular events.
Side effect profile for both drugs appear similar and are dose dependant.

Hydrochlorothiazide is also sometimes used to prevent osteopenia and for treatment of hypoparathyroidism, hypercalciuria, Dent's disease, and Ménière's disease.
For diabetes insipidus, the effect of thiazide diuretics is presumably mediated by a hypovolemia-induced increase in proximal sodium and water reabsorption, thereby diminishing water delivery to the ADH-sensitive sites in the collecting tubules and increasing the urine osmolality.

A low level of evidence, predominately from observational studies, suggests that thiazide diuretics have a modest beneficial effect on bone mineral density and are associated with a decreased fracture risk when compared with patients not taking thiazides.
Thiazides decrease mineral bone loss by promoting calcium retention in the kidney, and by directly stimulating osteoblast differentiation and bone mineral formation.

Hydrochlorothiazide may be given together with other antihypertensive agents in fixed-dose combination preparations, such as in losartan/hydrochlorothiazide

This medication is used to treat high blood pressure.
Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems.
Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a class of drugs known as diuretics/"water pills."
Hydrochlorothiazide works by causing you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra salt and water.
This medication also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease.
This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet.

Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually once daily in the morning with or without food.
If you take this drug too close to bedtime, you may need to wake up to urinate.
Hydrochlorothiazide is best to take this medication at least 4 hours before your bedtime.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it.
To help you remember, take it at the same time each day.
Keep taking this medication even if you feel well.
Most people with high blood pressure do not feel sick.

If you also take certain drugs to lower your cholesterol (bile acid-binding resins such as cholestyramine or colestipol), take hydrochlorothiazide at least 4 hours before or at least 4 to 6 hours after these medications.

In combination with amiloride and timolol, benazepril, captopril, fosinopril sodium, aliskiren, amlodipine and valsartan, bisoprolol, candesartan, enalapril, irbesartan, losartan, nebivolol, olmesartan, ramipril, valsartan, irbesartan, lisinopril, quinapril, telmisartan, triamterene, zofenopril, hydrochlorothiazide is used in the management of arterial hypertension .

Hydrochlorothiazide is used, alone or in combination with amiloride, in the management of:

cirrhotic ascites,
arterial hypertension,
cirrhotic edema,
edema of heart failure,
renal edema.

IUPAC NAME :

1,1-dióxido de 6-cloro-3,4-dihidro-2H-1,2,4-benzotiadiazina-7-sulfonamida

2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfamide,6-chloro-3,4-Dihydro-1,1-dioxide

2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide

2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-,1,1-dioxide

3,4-Dihydro-6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide

6-Chlor-3,4-dihydro -2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-7- sulfonamid-1,1-dioxid

6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide

6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1lambda6,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide

6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1λ6,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide

SYNONYMS:

4-dihydro-6-chloro-7-sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide;
3,4-dihydrochlorothiazide;
oretic;
panurin;
panurin dichloride;
spironolactone/hydrochlorothiazide;
thiaretic;
urodiazin;
vetidrex;
6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfon