Quick Search
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is widely used to treat hypertension and edema.
Hydrochlorothiazide has been used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
CAS Number: 58‑93‑5
EC Number: (not always listed explicitly) – but present in regulatory databases
IUPAC Name: 6‑chloro‑1,1‑dioxo‑3,4‑dihydro‑2H‑1,2,4‑benzothiadiazine‑7‑sulfonamide
Molecular Formula: C₇H₈ClN₃O₄S₂
Molecular Weight: ~297.74 g/mol
SYNONYMS:
HCTZ, HCT, hydrochlorothiazide, 58-93-5, HCTZ, Esidrix, Hypothiazide, Hidrotiazida, Idrotiazide, Megadiuril, Servithiazid, Newtolide, Vetidrex, Oretic, Chlorosulthiadil, Esidrex, Dichlotiazid, Dichlotride, Hydrochlorothiazid, Hydrodiuretic, Hydrosaluric, Hypothiazid, Apresazide, Aquarills, Aquarius, Carozide, Diclotride, Disalunil, Maschitt, Thiuretic, Drenol, Hidril, Hydril, Nefrix, Hidrochlortiazid, HydroDIURIL, Hydro-Diuril, Hydro-Aquil, Jen-Diril, Dihydrochlorothiazide, Dihydrochlorothiazid, Chlorzide, Dichlorosal, Hidroronol, Hydrothide, Hydrozide, Microzide, Neoflumen, Urodiazin, Dihydrochlorothiazidum, Ivaugan, Panurin, Bremil, Cidrex, Direma, Fluvin, Ro-hydrazide, Neo-codema, Acuretic, Pantemon, Zide, Dihydrochlorurite, Hydro-D, Thiaretic, Hydrochlorothiazidum, 3,4-Dihydrochlorothiazide, 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide, Hidroclorotiazida, Apo-Hydro, Dihydrochlorurit, Hydrochlorthiazidum, Hydrochlorot, Idroclorotiazide, Su 5879, Hydrochlorothiazide Intensol, NCI-C55925, Copalia-hct, Exforge-hct, Imprida-hct, Rasilez-hct, Dafiro-hct, Hydrochlorothiaizide, Chlorsulfonamidodihydrobenzothiadiazine dioxide, 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide, 0J48LPH2TH, NSC-53477, 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1$l^{6},2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1lambda6,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, INZIRQO, CHEBI:5778, DTXSID2020713, 6-Chloro-7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, NSC53477, Dichlothiazide, SU-5879, 3,4-Dihydro-6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide, 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-sulfamoyl-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, DTXCID80713, HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE COMPONENT, 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1, 1-dioxide, RIPRAZO COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, RASITRIO COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, KERVEZIDE COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, KINZALKOMB COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, PRITORPLUS COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, TOLUCOMBI COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, TRIBENZOR COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, IFIRMACOMBI COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, MICARDISPLUS COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, SPRIMEO-HCT COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, IRBESARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE TEVA COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, IRBESARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE-BMS COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, IBERSARTAN/HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ZENTIVA COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1$l^{6},2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, C03AA03, 200-403-3, Hydrolorthiazide, Lotensin HCT, Diaqua, Caplaril, Hydrocot, Thlaretic, Timolide, Ziac, Aquazide H, Vaseretic, Lopressor HCT, Inderide, Prinzide, component of Cyclex, component of Esimil, Esidrix (TN), component of Aldoril, component of Dyazide, component of Caplaril, HCZ, component of Aldactazide, MFCD00051765, component of Butizide Prestabs, HCT, Diu-melusin, MLS000069619, Chlorizide, Disothiazid, Hidrosaluretil, Novodiurex, Spironazide, Acesistem, Acuilix, Aldazida, Briazide, Catiazida, Chlothia, Clorana, Condiuren, Dihydran, Diurogen, Dixidrasi, Esoidrina, H.H. 25/25, H.H. 50/50, Hyclosid, Indroclor, Manuril, Medozide, Mictrin, Mikorten, Modurcen, Natrinax, Saldiuril, Selozide, Tandiur, Urozide, Didral, Hytrid, Nefrol, Unazid, Hidro-Niagrin, Hydro-Saluric, Raunova Plus, 6-Chloro-7-sulfamyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, Concor Plus, Aquazide-H, Neo-Flumen, Neo-Minzil, Hydro Par, Hydro-T, HCT-Isis, CAS-58-93-5, Mazide 25 mg, NCGC00015508-08, Hydrochlorat, SMR000035778, Diu 25 Vigt, Hydrex-semi, Aldactazide 25/25, Aldectazide 50/50, Dihydroxychlorothiazidum, Inderide 80/25, Hydrochlorothiazide form II, 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-,1,1-dioxide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide-1,1-dioxide, Idroclorotiazide [DCIT], Hydrochlorzide, Ezide, Hydrozide Injection, Veterinary, Hidroclorotiazida [INN-Spanish], Hydrochlorothiazidum [INN-Latin], 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, Microzide (TN), CCRIS 2082, HSDB 3096, SR-01000000119, EINECS 200-403-3, NSC 53477, UNII-0J48LPH2TH, BRN 0625101, Hydrokraft, Idrodiuvis, Aquazide, Manschitt, Urirex, 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-(2H)-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-Dioxide, HydroPar, 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-2H,3H,4H-benzo[e]1,2,4-thiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide; Aquarius; Bremil, Prestwick_263, Hydrochloro Thiazide, 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1|E6,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, Hyzaar (Salt/Mix), Aldoril (Salt/Mix), Dutoprol (Salt/Mix), Inderide (Salt/Mix), Prinzide (Salt/Mix), Accuretic (Salt/Mix), Hydropres (Salt/Mix), Thiazide, hydrochloro-, Hydrochlorothiazide [USP:INN:BAN:JAN], Spectrum_000877, Opera_ID_168, Maybridge1_004336, Prestwick0_000009, Prestwick1_000009, Prestwick2_000009, Prestwick3_000009, Spectrum2_001040, Spectrum3_000456, Spectrum4_000006, Spectrum5_000824, Lopac-H-4759, CHEMBL435, Tekturna HCT (Salt/Mix), H 4759, cid_3639, SCHEMBL9349, Lopac0_000614, Oprea1_357174, BSPBio_000017, BSPBio_002132, KBioGR_000351, KBioSS_001357, 8049-49-8, AF-614/30832002, BIDD:GT0153, DivK1c_000289, Hydrochlorothiazide (Standard), SPECTRUM1500335, BMCL182567 Compound 6a, SPBio_001259, SPBio_001938, BPBio1_000019, GTPL4836, Hydrochlorothiazide, crystalline, orb1707599, SCHEMBL3864597, HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE [MI], SCHEMBL29366243, BDBM13076, component of Dyazide (Salt/Mix), HMS500O11, HMS553N04, HY-B0252R, HYDROCHLOROTHIAZ, 6-Chloro-3,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide, 6-Chloro-7-sulfamoyl-3,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, Hydrochlorothiazide drug standard 1.0 mg/mL in methanol, HYDROSERPINE PLUS (R-H-H) COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-7-sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine, Hydrochlorothiazide British Pharmacopoeia (BP) Reference Standard, Hydrochlorothiazide European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, 3,4-Dihydro-6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide, 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-sulfamoyl-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, 6-Chloro-7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, 6-Chloro-7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-(2H)-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide, 6-Chloro-7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo-1,2,4-thiadiazine-1,1-dioxide, 6-Chloro-7-sulfamyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide, Hydrochlorothiazide United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide, 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-sulfamoyl-2,1,1-dioxide, 2H-1,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide, 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1λ⁶,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide, 7-(Aminosulfonyl)-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-(2H)-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide, HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE-HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE-RESERPINE COMPONENT HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE,
Hydrochlorothiazide is stable solid; incompatible with strong oxidizers; hydrolyzes under extreme pH conditions; combustible
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class.
Hydrochlorothiazide reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules.
This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), usually in combination with other blood pressure medicines.
There is one product that contains only hydrochlorothiazide as an active ingredient (Dithiazide) and many products, including generic brands that include hydrochlorothiazide in combination with other drugs.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a Thiazide Diuretic.
The physiologic effect of hydrochlorothiazide is by means of Increased Diuresis.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a short acting thiazide diuretic.
Hydrochlorothiazide's metabolite appears to preferentially bind to and accumulate in red blood cells.
Hydrochlorothiazide is primarily excreted by the kidneys.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 1959 and has 12 approved and 13 investigational indications.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a generic drug that’s prescribed for edema (swelling due to fluid buildup) caused by certain conditions and for high blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to the thiazide diuretic drug class.
Hydrochlorothiazide oral tablet is a prescription drug that’s available in generic form only.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that helps prevent your body from absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat hypertension and peripheral edema.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide-type diuretic that inhibits sodium resorption in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic.
Hydrochlorothiazide is in a class of medications called diuretics ('water pills').
Hydrochlorothiazide works by causing the kidneys to get rid of unneeded water and salt from the body into the urine.
High blood pressure is a common condition and when not treated, can cause damage to the brain, heart, blood vessels, kidneys and other parts of the body.
Damage to these organs may cause heart disease, a heart attack, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, loss of vision, and other problems.
In addition to taking medication, making lifestyle changes will also help to control your blood pressure.
These changes include eating a diet that is low in fat and salt, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising at least 30 minutes most days, not smoking, and using alcohol in moderation.
USES and APPLICATIONS of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE:
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is widely used to treat hypertension and edema.
Hydrochlorothiazide reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules.
This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium.
Hydrochlorothiazide has been used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
Hydrochlorothiazide is also used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, or kidney disorders, or edema caused by taking steroids or estrogen.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat edema associated with a number of conditions, and hypertension.
Hydrochlorothiazide is the most commonly prescribed thiazide diuretic.
Hydrochlorothiazide is indicated to treat edema and hypertension.
Hydrochlorothiazide use is common but declining in favour of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
Many combination products are available containing hydrochlorothiazide and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat edema (fluid retention; excess fluid held in body tissues) caused by various medical problems, including heart, kidney, and liver disease and to treat edema caused by using certain medications including estrogen and corticosteroids.
Hydrochlorothiazide may also be used to treat patients with diabetes insipidus and to prevent kidney stones in patients with high levels of calcium in their blood.
This medicine is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a medication that treats high blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide can also reduce swelling related to heart, kidney or liver disease.
Hydrochlorothiazide’s a diuretic that helps your kidneys remove fluid and salt from your blood through your pee.
Hydrochlorothiazide treats high blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide may also be used to reduce swelling related to heart, kidney, or liver disease.
Hydrochlorothiazide helps your kidneys remove more fluid and salt from your blood through the urine.
Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a group of medications called diuretics.
Hydrochlorothiazide may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a class of medications called Diuretics.
Hydrochlorothiazide works on your kidneys to get rid of extra water and salts in your body.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to remove excess fluid from your body.
This will decrease the pressure on the blood vessels and allow the heart to work less hard.
Hence, Hydrochlorothiazide may also be used to treat high blood pressure.
-Medical uses of Hydrochlorothiazide:
Hydrochlorothiazide is used for the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, symptomatic edema, diabetes insipidus, renal tubular acidosis.
Hydrochlorothiazide is also used for the prevention of kidney stones in those who have high levels of calcium in their urine.
Multiple studies suggest hydrochlorothiazide could be used as initial monotherapy in people with primary hypertension; however, the decision should be weighed against the consequence of long-term adverse metabolic abnormalities.
Doses of hydrochlorothiazide of 50 mg or less over four years reduced mortality and development of cardiovascular diseases better than high-dose hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg or more) and beta-blockers.
A 2019 review supported equivalence between drug classes for initiating monotherapy in hypertension, although thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics showed better primary effectiveness and safety profiles than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.
Low doses (50 mg or less) of hydrochlorothiazide as first‐line therapy for hypertension were found to reduce total mortality and cardiovascular disease events over a four-year study.
Hydrochlorothiazide appears be more effective than chlorthalidone in preventing heart attacks and strokes.
Hydrochlorothiazide is less potent but may be more effective than chlorthalidone in reducing blood pressure.
More robust studies are required to confirm which drug is superior in reducing cardiovascular events.
Side effect profile for both drugs appear similar and are dose dependent.
Hydrochlorothiazide is also sometimes used to prevent osteopenia and treat hypoparathyroidism, hypercalciuria, Dent's disease, and Ménière's disease.
A low level of evidence, predominantly from observational studies, suggests that thiazide diuretics have a modest beneficial effect on bone mineral density and are associated with a decreased fracture risk when compared with people not taking thiazides.
Thiazides decrease mineral bone loss by promoting calcium retention in the kidney, and by directly stimulating osteoblast differentiation and bone mineral formation.
The combination of fixed-dose preparation such as losartan/hydrochlorothiazide has added advantages of a more potent antihypertensive effect with additional antihypertensive efficacy at the dose of 100 mg/25 mg when compared to monotherapy.
-Sport uses of Hydrochlorothiazide:
Use of hydrochlorothiazide is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency for its ability to mask the use of performance-enhancing drugs.
In July 2025, women's marathon world record holder Ruth Chepng'etich was provisionally suspended by the Athletics Integrity Unit after testing positive for hydrochlorothiazide
THERAPEUTIC USES & BENEFITS of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE:
*Hypertension:
Hydrochlorothiazide is wwidely used for treating high blood pressure; often first-line therapy, especially effective at low doses (≤ 50 mg daily) with demonstrated reduction in cardiovascular events.
*Edema:
indicated for edema due to heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, or corticosteroid therapy.
*Other indications:
diabetic insipidus, renal tubular acidosis, and prevention of calcium kidney stones in individuals with hypercalciuria.
*Bone health:
thiazides have modest benefits for bone mineral density and reduce fracture risk via renal calcium retention and osteoblast stimulation
*Formulations:
Available as monotherapy or in fixed-dose combinations with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, etc., enhancing efficacy and adherence
WHY HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE’S USED
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure in adults and children.
Hydrochlorothiazide’s also used to treat edema (swelling due to fluid buildup) that’s caused by heart failure, cirrhosis (liver damage), and taking medications called corticosteroids or estrogens.
Hydrochlorothiazide may also help treat edema that’s caused by kidney problems.
Hydrochlorothiazide can be used for edema in adults and children.
Hydrochlorothiazide may be prescribed by itself or in combination with other drugs.
For more information about the conditions hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat, see our hypertension and cardiovascular health hubs.
WHAT IS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE USED FOR?
Hydrochlorothiazide is commonly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic, also called a water pill, that may be used to reduce edema (fluid retention) caused by the following conditions.
Congestive heart failure which is a condition where the heart is not pumping as well as Hydrochlorothiazide should.
Liver disease, such as cirrhosis, can lead to a buildup of fluid in the abdomen (ascites).
Kidney disease, including protein in the urine (nephrotic syndrome).
Fluid caused by the use of hormones, such as estrogen or other steroids.
Hydrochlorothiazide may also be used for other conditions as determined by your healthcare provider.
HOW SHOULD HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BE USED?
Hydrochlorothiazide comes as a tablet, capsule, and solution (liquid) to take by mouth.
Hydrochlorothiazide usually is taken once or twice a day.
When used to treat edema, hydrochlorothiazide may be taken daily or only on certain days of the week.
Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.
Take hydrochlorothiazide exactly as directed.
Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
Hydrochlorothiazide controls high blood pressure but does not cure it.
Continue to take hydrochlorothiazide even if you feel well.
Do not stop taking hydrochlorothiazide without talking to your doctor.
HOW SHOULD I TAKE OR USE HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE?
Do not stop taking your Hydrochlorothiazide without first checking with your healthcare professional.
If you are taking one dose a day, take Hydrochlorothiazide in the morning.
If you are taking Hydrochlorothiazide two times a day, take the second dose before 4pm so that you do not need to wake up often at night to pass urine.
HOW DOES HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE WORK (MECHANISM OF ACTION)?
Hydrochlorothiazide works by increasing how much you pee.
Hydrochlorothiazide does this by helping the kidneys remove electrolytes, such as sodium (salt), and water from the body.
Hydrochlorothiazide also appears to allow blood to flow more freely (less resistance to flow), which may help with lowering blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used alone or together with other medicines to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries.
If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly.
This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure.
High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks.
These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled.
Hydrochlorothiazide is also used to treat fluid retention (edema) that is caused by congestive heart failure, severe liver disease (cirrhosis), kidney disease, or treatment with a steroid or hormone medicine.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill).
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to help reduce the amount of water in the body by increasing the flow of urine.
Hydrochlorothiazide may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Hydrochlorothiazide is available only with your doctor's prescription.
Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up.
Other uses of Hydrochlorothiazide include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine.
Hydrochlorothiazide is taken by mouth and may be combined with other blood pressure medications as a single pill to increase effectiveness.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide medication which inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions from the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, causing a natriuresis.
This initially increases urine volume and lowers blood volume.
It is believed to reduce peripheral vascular resistance.
Two companies, Merck & Co. and Ciba Specialty Chemicals, state they discovered Hydrochlorothiazide which became commercially available in 1959.
Hydrochlorothiazide is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Hydrochlorothiazide is available as a generic drug and is relatively affordable.
In 2022, Hydrochlorothiazide was the twelfth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 38 million prescriptions.
