Β-HYDROXYALKYL AMIDE

β-Hydroxyalkyl amides are a class of multifunctional organic compounds used mainly as crosslinking agents in polymer and coating systems, especially in powder coatings where they react with carboxyl-functional polymers to form durable networks.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide typically contain both amide groups and hydroxyl groups, which allow them to participate in curing reactions and form strong chemical bonds in polymer matrices.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important intermediates in industrial polymer chemistry.

CAS Number: 6334-25-4
Molecular Formula: C14H28N2O6
Molecular Weight: 320.38
EINECS Number: 405-370-0

Synonyms: N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)hexanediamide, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)adipamide, N1,N1,N6,N6-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)hexanediamide, hexanediamide, tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)-, tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)hexanediamide, bis(N,N′-2-hydroxyethyl)hexanediamine, PRIMID XL 552, NSC-27129, CAS 6334-25-4, C14H28N2O6, CHEBI:181642, UNII:7RNP0P8G1O, RefChem:822043, N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)-hexanediamide;Hexanediamide, N,N,N,N-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)-;ACETOMER 552;N,N,N'',N''-TETRAKIS(2-BYDROXYETHYL)ADIPAMIDE;N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxethyladipamid);N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2;N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)adipmide;PriMid XL-552

β-Hydroxyalkyl amides are designed so that the β-hydroxy group (a hydroxyl group located two carbon atoms away from the amide functionality) can react under heat to form ester linkages with carboxylic acid groups in resins.
This reaction leads to crosslinked polymer structures that improve hardness, chemical resistance, and mechanical stability.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them essential in thermoset coating systems.

They are usually solid, crystalline or powder-like substances that are thermally activated, meaning they remain stable at room temperature but become reactive at elevated curing temperatures used in industrial processing.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide controlled reactivity is what allows them to be used safely in manufacturing before curing.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them suitable for powder coating technology.

β-Hydroxyalkyl amides are best described as heat-activated crosslinking agents used to build durable polymer networks in coatings and engineering plastics.
Their main role is to improve the performance of final materials rather than act as standalone end products.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them key functional additives in polymer synthesis.

β-Hydroxyalkyl amides are designed to function as high-efficiency crosslinking agents that enable controlled network formation in thermosetting polymer systems, particularly in powder coatings where precise curing behavior is required.
They remain chemically stable during storage and only become reactive when exposed to elevated temperatures during the curing process.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them ideal for industrial applications requiring long shelf life and controlled activation.

Their key chemical behavior involves a heat-activated esterification reaction where hydroxyl groups react with carboxylic acid groups on polyester resins, producing a densely crosslinked polymer network.
This network formation is responsible for the hardness, durability, and chemical resistance of the final coating.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them essential in thermoset coating chemistry.

In formulation science, they are valued because they provide a balanced curing profile that avoids overly rapid reaction at processing temperatures while still achieving complete crosslinking at curing conditions.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide allows coatings to flow and level properly before solidification begins.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in achieving high-quality surface finishes.

In industrial applications, β-hydroxyalkyl amides contribute to improved mechanical properties such as abrasion resistance, impact strength, and long-term weather stability in coated materials.
These properties are critical in demanding environments like automotive and outdoor construction.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them widely used in protective coating systems.

Their performance can be fine-tuned by modifying molecular structure and functional group density, which directly affects curing speed, flexibility, and final coating hardness.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide allows manufacturers to design coatings tailored for specific performance requirements.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them flexible tools in polymer engineering.

In advanced coating systems, they are often selected as part of low-emission or environmentally improved technologies because they do not rely on isocyanates and generate minimal volatile byproducts during curing.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide supports compliance with modern environmental and safety regulations.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in sustainable coating development.

β-Hydroxyalkyl amide is a fatty amide.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide is a versatile, non-toxic crosslinking agent primarily used to cure carboxyl-functional polyester and acrylic resins in powder coatings. 
It serves as a safe, eco-friendly alternative to toxic TGIC (triglycidyl isocyanurate) and is widely recognized for producing durable, weather-resistant finishes. 

β-Hydroxyalkyl amides play a central role in polyester-based powder coating systems, where they serve as non-isocyanate curing agents that replace traditional crosslinkers and enable environmentally friendlier coating technologies.
This avoids the need for solvent-based systems and reduces volatile organic compound emissions.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in sustainable coating chemistry.

During curing, they undergo a condensation-type reaction with carboxyl groups on polymer resins, forming ester bonds that create a highly crosslinked three-dimensional network structure.
This network is responsible for the mechanical strength and chemical resistance of the final coating.
This makes them essential in thermoset polymer formation.

Because they are activated by heat, β-hydroxyalkyl amides allow precise control over curing temperature and reaction timing, which is critical in industrial processes where coatings must remain stable during storage but cure quickly during application.
This balance improves manufacturing efficiency and product consistency.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them valuable in process-controlled polymer systems.

In coating performance, they contribute to high gloss, improved hardness, excellent weather resistance, and strong adhesion to metal and other substrates, which are important properties for protective and decorative coatings.
These properties make them widely used in automotive, appliance, and architectural coatings.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in surface engineering.

In formulation design, they are often selected because they produce low volatile byproducts during curing, which helps reduce environmental impact compared to some traditional crosslinking systems.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide supports compliance with modern environmental regulations.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them relevant in green chemistry applications.

Melting point: 126.0–130.0 °C
Boiling point: 607.7 ± 55.0 °C (Predicted)
Density: 1.239
vapor pressure: 0–0.002 Pa at 20–25 °C
storage temp.: inert atmosphere, room temperature
form: powder to crystal
pKa: 13.82 ± 0.10 (Predicted)
color: white to light yellow
Water Solubility: 600–625 g/L at 20 °C
InChI: 1S/C14H28N2O6/c17-9-5-15(6-10-18)13(21)3-1-2-4-14(22)16(7-11-19)8-12-20/h17-20H,1-12H2
InChIKey: OKRNLSUTBJUVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(N(CCO)CCO)(=O)CCCCC(N(CCO)CCO)=O
LogP: -2.5 to -2.45 at 20–21 °C

Pure polyester curing agent composited of β-hydroxyalkyl amides. 
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide is the excellent curing agent of the pure polyester weather resistance powder coating, and it can also be used as curing agent for indoors carboxyl polyester, and the coating has a good performance. 
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide is a substitute for TGIC curing agent, with non-toxic, non-irritating to the skin, fast curing and other advantages. 

β-Hydroxyalkyl amide has excellent outdoor performance and it is the real environment-friendly products.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amides are considered low-to-moderate hazard industrial substances, with risks mainly related to handling conditions rather than high inherent toxicity.
They are stable at room temperature but can become reactive during high-temperature processing.

This makes controlled use important in industrial environments.
Direct exposure to dust or powder may cause mild irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, especially in poorly ventilated areas or during bulk handling.
Symptoms are typically temporary and depend on exposure level.

β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and masks important.
During thermal curing, overheating or improper processing may lead to decomposition products that can irritate the respiratory system if inhaled in sufficient concentration.
Proper temperature control prevents unwanted breakdown reactions.

This makes process regulation critical for safety.
Environmental risks are generally low under normal use, but improper disposal of large quantities of industrial chemicals may lead to pollution if released into water or soil systems without treatment.

They should be managed according to industrial waste regulations.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes controlled disposal important.

β-Hydroxyalkyl amides are designed as reactive curing agents that provide controlled crosslinking in thermoset polymer systems, especially where a balance between processing stability and final material performance is required.
They remain chemically stable during storage but become reactive only under elevated temperatures used in industrial curing ovens.
This makes them highly useful in controlled polymer manufacturing.

Their reactivity is based on a temperature-triggered esterification mechanism where hydroxyl groups react with carboxyl groups on polymer resins to form strong covalent ester bonds.
This reaction gradually builds a three-dimensional network structure within the coating or polymer matrix.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them essential for durable thermoset formation.

In formulation design, β-hydroxyalkyl amides are valued because they allow non-isocyanate crosslinking routes, reducing reliance on more hazardous curing systems while still achieving high mechanical strength and chemical resistance in the final product.
This makes them attractive in environmentally improved coating technologies.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them relevant in sustainable materials engineering.

They also provide good flow and leveling behavior before curing, meaning coatings can spread evenly on surfaces before the crosslinking reaction begins.
This helps produce smooth, defect-free coatings with uniform appearance.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in surface finish quality control.

In industrial processing, they are chosen for their compatibility with polyester resins and their ability to produce coatings with high hardness, abrasion resistance, and long-term durability under mechanical and environmental stress.
This ensures performance in demanding applications such as automotive and outdoor coatings.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them valuable in high-performance material systems.

Their performance can be tuned by adjusting molecular structure, hydroxyl content, and amide functionality, which allows manufacturers to optimize curing speed, flexibility, and final coating properties depending on application needs.
This flexibility makes them adaptable to different industrial requirements.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in customizable polymer chemistry.

Uses Of β-Hydroxyalkyl amide:
β-Hydroxyalkyl amides are used as crosslinking agents in powder coating systems because they react with carboxyl-functional polyester resins to form durable, heat-cured polymer networks.
This reaction improves hardness, chemical resistance, and surface durability of coatings.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them a core component in powder coating technology.

In the automotive industry, they are used in protective and decorative coatings for vehicle parts, where resistance to abrasion, chemicals, and weathering is required.
They help maintain long-term surface appearance and mechanical protection.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in automotive surface finishing.

In appliance manufacturing, they are used in coatings for household equipment such as refrigerators, washing machines, and metal furniture, where smooth finish and durability are important.
They provide both aesthetic quality and functional protection.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them useful in consumer goods manufacturing.

In architectural applications, they are used in metal coatings for construction materials such as aluminum profiles, window frames, and outdoor structures, where weather resistance is essential.
They help prevent corrosion and surface degradation over time.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them valuable in building material protection.

In industrial coatings, they are used in general-purpose protective finishes for metal substrates, where high mechanical strength and chemical resistance are required in harsh environments.
They improve product lifespan and reduce maintenance needs.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in industrial surface protection systems.

β-Hydroxyalkyl amides are used as crosslinking agents in powder coating formulations because they react with carboxyl-functional polyester resins to form strong, durable polymer networks during heat curing.
This reaction significantly improves coating hardness and resistance properties.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them a core material in powder coating technology.

In automotive coatings, they are used to produce protective and decorative finishes on vehicle parts, where resistance to chemicals, abrasion, and weather exposure is essential.
They help maintain surface durability and long-term appearance quality.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in automotive surface engineering.

In appliance manufacturing, they are used in coatings for household metal products such as refrigerators, ovens, and washing machines, where smooth finish and durability are required.
They provide both aesthetic and protective functions in consumer goods.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them useful in durable product finishing.

In architectural applications, they are used in coatings for aluminum profiles, building panels, and outdoor structural materials, where resistance to UV radiation, moisture, and corrosion is critical.
They help extend service life in environmental exposure conditions.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in construction material protection.

In industrial coating systems, they are used for general metal protection in machinery, tools, and infrastructure components, where mechanical strength and chemical resistance are required.
They reduce wear and extend operational lifespan of coated parts.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them valuable in industrial maintenance and protection systems.

β-Hydroxyalkyl amides are used as crosslinking agents in powder coatings, where they react with carboxyl-functional polyester resins to form strong, durable thermoset polymer networks during heat curing.
This reaction improves hardness, gloss, and chemical resistance of the final coating.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them a core component in powder coating technology.

In automotive applications, they are used in protective coatings for vehicle parts such as wheels, trims, and structural metal components, where resistance to wear, chemicals, and weather exposure is required.
They help maintain long-term appearance and mechanical protection.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in automotive surface finishing.

In appliance manufacturing, they are used in coatings for household products like refrigerators, washing machines, and ovens, where durability and smooth surface finish are essential.
They provide both decorative and protective performance.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them useful in consumer goods coating systems.

In construction and architecture, they are used in metal coatings for aluminum profiles, building panels, and outdoor structures, where UV resistance, corrosion protection, and weather durability are required.
They extend the service life of exposed materials.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them important in building protection systems.

In industrial coatings, they are used for general metal protection in machinery, equipment, and infrastructure, where high mechanical strength and chemical resistance are necessary for long-term performance.
They help reduce maintenance and extend operational lifespan.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them valuable in industrial durability applications.

Safety Profile Of β-Hydroxyalkyl amide:
β-Hydroxyalkyl amides are generally considered low-to-moderate hazard industrial chemicals, but they still require careful handling because they are reactive under elevated temperatures and may cause irritation in raw form.
Most risks are related to exposure during manufacturing or dust inhalation rather than high toxicity.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes standard industrial safety practices necessary.

Direct contact with the powder or concentrated material may cause mild skin, eye, or respiratory irritation, especially in poorly controlled environments with dust formation.
Eye contact may cause discomfort and requires immediate rinsing with water.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and masks important.

During processing, they can release thermal decomposition products if overheated beyond recommended curing conditions, which may include irritating vapors typical of organic decomposition reactions.
Proper temperature control is important to prevent unwanted byproducts.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes process control critical in industrial applications.

Environmental hazards are generally low under normal use conditions, but improper disposal of large quantities of industrial chemicals may contribute to pollution if not treated correctly.
They should not be released directly into water or soil systems.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes regulated waste management important.

β-Hydroxyalkyl amide are considered safe when handled under controlled industrial conditions, with primary risks related to irritation and thermal processing rather than severe toxicity.
Proper ventilation, protective equipment, and temperature control ensure safe use.
β-Hydroxyalkyl amide makes them manageable in standard coating manufacturing environments.