PRODUCTS

HYDROXYBENZENE

Hydroxybenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.
Hydroxybenzene is a white crystalline solid that is volatile.
Hydroxybenzene consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group.

CAS Number: 108-95-2
EC Number: 203-632-7
IUPAC Name: Benzenol
Chemical Formula: C6H5OH

Other names: 108-95-2, carbolic acid, Hydroxybenzene, Phenic acid, Oxybenzene, Phenylic acid, Phenylic alcohol, Benzenol, Monophenol, Phenyl hydrate, Phenyl hydroxide, PhOH, Monohydroxybenzene, Phenyl alcohol, paoscle, Phenole, Izal, Phenol alcohol, Phenol, liquefied, Acide carbolique, Phenosmolin, Fenolo, Phenol homopolymer, Benzene, hydroxy-, Carbolsaure, Fenosmolin, Fenosmoline, Fenol, Liquid phenol, Carbolic oil, Liquefied phenol, Phenol, pure, Fenolo [Italian], Phenole, Anbesol, Phenic alcohol, Synthetic phenol, 2-allphenol, Phenol, dimer, RCRA waste no. U188, Phenol, liquified, MFCD00002143, UN1671, UN2312, UN2821, AI3-01814, NSC-36808, CHEMBL14060, 339NCG44TV, DTXSID5021124, CHEBI:15882, Phenol, ENT-1814, 27073-41-2, Phenol, solid, Phenol, molten, NCGC00091454-04, Phenol solutions, DSSTox_CID_1124, Phenol, >=99.0%, DSSTox_RID_75955, DSSTox_GSID_21124, 17442-59-0, 61788-41-8, Caswell No. 649, phenylalcohol, hydroxy benzene, Phenol 100 microg/mL in Methanol, Phenol, liquid, Phenol, solid, Baker's p and s, CAS-108-95-2, CCRIS 504, FEMA No. 3223, HSDB 113, (14C)Phenol, Phenol, PHENOL (2,3,4,5,6-D5), EINECS 203-632-7, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 064001, arenols, UNII-339NCG44TV, Benzophenol, Carbolsaeure, Karbolsaeure, Extracts, coal tar oil alk., acide phenique, Hydroxy-benzene, Phenol solution, Phenol liquid, Phenol molten, Phenol solutions, Phenol synthetic, Phenol,liquified, Phenolated water, Pandy's reagent, Cepastat lozenges, Phenol, labeled with carbon-14, Phenol (liquid), 2-phenyl alcohol, Phenol, synthetic, Phenol, ultrapure, Phenol ACS grade, EINECS 262-972-4, Paoscle, Carbolic acid liquid, Phenol polymer-bound, Phenol (Granulated), Phenol, Phenol,(S), Phenol, ACS reagent, Carbolic acid, liqui, 1ai7, 1li2, 4i7l, Liquefied phenol, PHENOL, PHENOL, PHENOL, PHENOL, PHENOL, Phenol, PHENOL, PHENOL, Phenol, detached crystals, PHENOL, PHENOL, Phenol, >=99%, PHENOL [MART.]WLN: QR, Liquefied phenol (JP17), bmse000290, bmse010026, C6H5OH, Fenol, EC 203-632-7, PHENOL, 80% in ethanol, Phenol, LR, >=99%, 63496-48-0, 65996-83-0, MLS001065591, Phenol, for molecular biology, BIDD, PHENOL, Phenol for disinfection, Phenol, natural, 97%, FG, PHENOL, Phenol, AR, >=99.5%, PHENOL,LIQUIFIED, BDBM26187, CHEBI:33853, Phenol for disinfection (JP17), Phenolated water for disinfection, Salicylic acid related compound, 3f39, Phenol 10 microg/mL in Methanol, Phenol solution, 1.0 M in THF, NSC36808, ZINC5133329, Phenol, Glass Distilled Under Argon, Tox21_113463, Tox21_201639, Tox21_300042

Hydroxybenzene was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks.
Hydroxybenzene is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds.

Hydroxybenzene is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials.
Hydroxybenzene and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.

In organic chemistry, Hydroxybenzenes, sometimes called Hydroxybenzeneics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of one or more hydroxyl groups (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
The simplest is Hydroxybenzene, C6H5OH.
Hydroxybenzenes are classified as simple Hydroxybenzenes or polyHydroxybenzenes based on the number of Hydroxybenzene units in the molecule.

Hydroxybenzenes are oxidized to hydroquinones in the persulfate oxidation.
Hydroxybenzenes are both synthesized industrially and produced by plants and microorganisms.
Hydroxybenzene is both a manufactured chemical and a natural substance.
Hydroxybenzene is a colorless-to-white solid when pure.
Hydroxybenzene is a liquid.

Hydroxybenzene has a distinct odor that is sickeningly sweet and tarry.
Hydroxybenzene evaporates more slowly than water, and a moderate amount can form a solution with water.
Hydroxybenzene can catch fire. Hydroxybenzene is used primarily in the production of Hydroxybenzeneic resins and in the manufacture of nylon and other synthetic fibers.

Hydroxybenzene is also used in slimicides (chemicals that kill bacteria and fungi in slimes), as a disinfectant and antiseptic, and in medicinal preparations such as mouthwash and sore throat lozenges.
Hydroxybenzene, liquid appears as a colorless liquid when pure, otherwise pink or red.
Hydroxybenzene is combustible.
Its Flash point is 175 °F.

Hydroxybenzene must be heated before ignition may occur easily.
Vapors are heavier than air.
Hydroxybenzene does not react with water. Stable in normal transportation.
Hydroxybenzene reactive with various chemicals and may be corrosive to lead, aluminum and its alloys, certain plastics, and rubber.
Hydroxybenzene is hydroxybenzene.
Hydroxybenzene is used as a germicidal agent and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.

Density: 1.07 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.3 - 9.5 %(V)
Flash point: 81 °C
Ignition temperature: 595 °C

Melting Point: 38 - 43 °C
pH value: 5 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 hPa (20 °C)
Density: 620 kg/m3

Molecular Weight: 94.11
XLogP3: 1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1

Exact Mass: 94.041864811
Monoisotopic Mass: 94.041864811
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 7

Complexity: 46.1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Hydroxybenzene is highly toxic; corrosive to the skin.
Hydroxybenzenes are similar to alcohols but form stronger hydrogen bonds.
Thus, they are more soluble in water than are alcohols and have higher boiling points.
Hydroxybenzenes occur either as colourless liquids or white solids at room temperature and may be highly toxic and caustic.
Hydroxybenzenes are widely used in household products and as intermediates for industrial synthesis.

In industry, Hydroxybenzene is used as a starting material to make plastics, explosives such as picric acid, and drugs such as aspirin.
The common Hydroxybenzene hydroquinone is the component of photographic developer that reduces exposed silver bromide crystals to black metallic silver.
Other substituted Hydroxybenzenes are used in the dye industry to make intensely coloured azo dyes.
Mixtures of Hydroxybenzenes (especially the cresols) are used as components in wood preservatives such as creosote.
Many of the more complex Hydroxybenzenes used as flavourings and aromas are obtained from essential oils of plants.

For example, vanillin, the principal flavouring in vanilla, is isolated from vanilla beans, and methyl salicylate, which has a characteristic minty taste and odour, is isolated from wintergreen.
Other Hydroxybenzenes obtained from plants include thymol, isolated from thyme, and eugenol, isolated from cloves.
Many Hydroxybenzeneic compounds were discovered and used long before chemists were able to determine their structures.
Therefore, trivial names are often used for the most common Hydroxybenzeneic compounds.
Hydroxybenzene is a colorless to light-pink, crystalline solid with a sweet, acrid odor.
Hydroxybenzene is a type of organic compound.

Hydroxybenzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound composed of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group.
Hydroxybenzene is used as a raw material to make Hydroxybenzeneic resins, bisHydroxybenzene A for epoxy resins, and various pharmaceuticals.
Hydroxybenzene is used as a general disinfectant, as a reagent in chemical analysis and for the manufacture of artificial resins, medical and industrial organic compounds and dyes.
Hydroxybenzene is also used in the manufacture of fertilisers, explosives, paints and paint removers, drugs, pharmaceuticals, textiles and coke.
Hydroxybenzene is produced in large volume, mostly as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.

The largest single use of Hydroxybenzene is as an intermediate in the production of Hydroxybenzeneic resins, which are low-cost, versatile, thermoset resins used in the plywood adhesive, construction, automotive, and appliance industries.
Hydroxybenzene is also used as an intermediate in the production of caprolactam, which is used to make nylon and other synthetic fibres, and bisHydroxybenzene A, which is used to make epoxy and other resins.
Hydroxybenzene is an aromatic organic molecule having the chemical formula C6H5OH, also known as carbolic acid.
Hydroxybenzene is a volatile white crystalline substance.

A phenyl group and a hydroxyl group are joined to form the molecule.
Hydroxybenzene is mildly acidic and should be handled carefully because it can result in chemical burns.
Hydroxybenzenes are compounds that possess a hydroxyl group directly attached to an aromatic carbocyclic nucleus.
Hydroxybenzene is the trivial name for monohydroxybenzene.

Hydroxybenzene is so cheap it attracts plenty of small-scale applications.
Hydroxybenzene is a part of industrial paint strippers used for the removal of epoxy, polyurethane, and other chemically resistant coatings in the aviation industry.
Hydroxybenzene derivatives can be used in cosmetics preparation, including sunscreens, hair colouring, skin lightening preparations, and skin toners/exfoliators.

Hydroxybenzene is a colorless or light yellow-rosy crystalline mass with a strong characteristic odor.
Hydroxybenzene is used to manufacture Hydroxybenzeneic resins. Only for industrial use.
Hydroxybenzene is not intended to cosmetic applications.

Hydroxybenzene (also known as carbolic acid, Hydroxybenzene, hydroxybenzene, and phenic acid, amongst others) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5OH.
Hydroxybenzene is a naturally occurring substance that is found in organic matter and animal wastes but is now manufactured for commercial use.

Hydroxybenzene is a colourless-to-white crystal which can darken on exposure to light, however the commercial product is a colourless, mobile liquid.
Hydroxybenzene is moderately soluble in water and has a distinctive, sweet, carbolic odour.
Hydroxybenzene is utilised primarily, as a chemical intermediate and is employed in a range of processes.

One major derivative of Hydroxybenzene is Hydroxybenzeneic resin.
Hydroxybenzene can be used in the moulding of heat resistant components for household appliances, in counter-top and flooring laminates, and in brake linings.

The resins can also be used as a binding agent for sand moulds and foundry castings in the industrial sector, and are found in the construction sector where they are employed as wood-binding adhesives.
Hydroxybenzene can also be condensed with acetone to produce bisHydroxybenzene A (BPA) which is a precursor to both polycarbonate resins and epoxy resins.
Hydroxybenzenes are used in the electrical and engineering industries, and in optical media.

Hydroxybenzenes are employed in high performance coatings, adhesives, flooring and paving applications, and in composites.
Hydroxybenzene is also employed in the production of caprolactam which is then itself used in the production of Nylon 6 and other synthetic fibres.
Hydroxybenzene is relatively inexpensive to produce so it is also used in a smaller scale, across a range of industries.

Hydroxybenzene derivatives may be used in the preparation of cosmetics, for example; sunscreens, hair dyes, and skin-lightening preparations.
Hydroxybenzene can also be employed as a disinfectant and antiseptic and thus can be found in medicinal products such as throat lozenges and mouthwash.

Hydroxybenzene is also used in slimicides, which are chemicals that kill bacteria and fungi in slimes.
Hydroxybenzene is also a valuable intermediate in the production of detergents, agricultural chemicals, medicines (e.g. aspirin), and hydraulic fluids.

Hydroxybenzene is a white crystalline (at room temperature), odorous and toxic chemical compound, which is used widely as a raw material in the manufacture of other chemical products.
Hydroxybenzene is used in the purification of nucleic acids.
In a mixture of Hydroxybenzene and buffered aqueous solution, proteins are denatured and collect at the interphase while most nucleic acids remain in the aqueous phase.

Hydroxybenzene contains no preservatives.
Hydroxybenzene is redistilled and packaged under a dry inert gas in shatter-resistant, plastic-coated amber bottles.
Hydroxybenzenes are chemicals most commonly used in the production of resins which are used in the construction, automotive and appliance industries.

Hydroxybenzenes can also act as a disinfectant such as in household cleaning products, which can contribute these chemicals to municipal wastewater treatment facilities through household drains.
Hydroxybenzenes are released to the atmosphere from combustion industries (such as coal-fired power production) and to water bodies as waste discharges from industrial facilities.

Hydroxybenzenes can occur in small amounts from natural processes (the decomposition of plant matter, for example), but pollution from Hydroxybenzenes occurs from man-made sources.
Hydroxybenzene is an aromatic organic chemical that is mildly acidic.
Hydroxybenzene has the chemical formula C6H5OH and is also known as hydroxybenzene, Hydroxybenzene, phenic acid, carbolic acid, phenyl alcohol and phenyl hydroxide.
Hydroxybenzene is toxic, corrosive and a hazard to health.
Hydroxybenzene is only mildly soluble in water.

Hydroxybenzene is used as an intermediate chemical in the production of Hydroxybenzeneic resins, the manufacture of nylon, plastics and synthetic fibres.
Hydroxybenzene has disinfectant and antiseptic properties so is used in household and industrial cleaning products, as a slimicide and is also used in mouthwashes and throat lozenges.

Hydroxybenzene burn treatment is used in the preparation of explosives, dyes, pest control products, and pharmaceutical drugs.
Hydroxybenzene is the simplest member of a class of organic compounds possessing a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring or to a more complex aromatic ring system.

Hydroxybenzene is a colorless to white crystalline material of sweet odor, having the composition C6H5OH, obtained from the distillation of coal tar and as a by-product of coke ovens.
Hydroxybenzene has broad biocidal properties, and dilute aqueous solutions have long been used as an antiseptic.
Hydroxybenzene causes severe skin burns.
Hydroxybenzene is a violent systemic poison.

henol is a valuable chemical raw material for the production of plastics, dyes, pharmaceuticals, syntans, and other products.
Hydroxybenzene melts at about 43°C and boils at 183°C.
The pure grades have melting point of 39°C, 39.5°C, and 40°C.
The technical grades contain 82%-84% and 90%-92% Hydroxybenzene.
The crystallization point is given as 40.41°C. The specific gravity is 1.066.

Hydroxybenzene dissolves in most organic solvents.
By melting the crystals and adding water, liquid Hydroxybenzene is produced, which remains liquid at ordinary temperatures.
Hydroxybenzene has the unusual property of penetrating living tissues and forming a valuable antiseptic.
Hydroxybenzene is also used industrially in cutting oils and compounds and in tanneries.
The value of other disinfectants and antiseptics is usually measured by comparison with Hydroxybenzene.

Hydroxybenzene is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in the production of Hydroxybenzeneic resin and bisHydroxybenzene A, in which bisHydroxybenzene A is important raw material for polycarbonate, epoxy resin, polysulfone resin and other plastics.
In some cases the Hydroxybenzene is used to produce iso-octylHydroxybenzene, isononylHydroxybenzene, or isododecylHydroxybenzene through addition reaction with long-chain olefins such as diisobutylene, tripropylene, tetra-polypropylene and the like, which are used in production of nonionic surfactants.

Hydroxybenzene can also be used as an important raw material for caprolactam, adipic acid, dyes, medicines, pesticides and plastic additives and rubber auxiliaries.
Hydroxybenzene is a stable chemical substance and appear as colourless/white crystals with a characteristic, distinct aromatic/acrid odour.
Hydroxybenzene is reactive and incompatible with strong oxidising agents, strong bases, strong acids, alkalis, and calcium hypochlorite.

Hydroxybenzene is flammable and may discolour in light.
Hydroxybenzene is used in the manufacture or production of explosives, fertiliser, coke, illuminating gas, lampblack, paints, paint removers, rubber, perfumes, asbestos goods, wood preservatives, synthetic resins, textiles, drugs, and pharmaceutical preparations.
Hydroxybenzene is also extensively used as a disinfectant in the petroleum, leather, paper, soap, toy, tanning, dye, and agricultural industries.
Hydroxybenzene has a strong odor that is sickeningly sweet and irritating.

Hydroxybenzene has powerful disinfectant and sanitizing qualities.
Hydroxybenzene has been used as a topical anesthetic and antiseptic preservative, reagent and chemical reactant.
Its use for direct addition to food is limited to a role as a flavoring ingredient in a few foods at a maximum level below 10 ppm.
Hydroxybenzene is a colorless or white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water.
Hydroxybenzene is the simplest of the large group of organic chemicals known as Hydroxybenzenes, which consist of compounds where a carbon in the phenyl aromatic group (C6H5) is directly bonded to hydroxyl, OH.

Hydroxybenzene is used mainly as an antimicrobial preservative in parenteral pharmaceutical products.
Hydroxybenzene has also been used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics;
Hydroxybenzene is widely used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and therapeutic agent, although it should not be used to preserve preparations that are to be freeze-dried.

Hydroxybenzene is the simplest member of a class oforganic compounds possessing a hydroxylgroup attached to a benzene ring or to a morecomplex aromatic ring system.
Also known as carbolic acid or monohydroxybenzene,Hydroxybenzene is a colorless to whitecrystalline material of sweet odor, having thecomposition C6H5OH, obtained from the distillationof coal tar and as a by-product ofcoke ovens.

Hydroxybenzene has broad biocidal properties, anddilute aqueous solutions have long been usedas an antiseptic.
At higher concentrations itcauses severe skin burns; it is a violent systemicpoison.
Hydroxybenzene is a valuable chemical raw materialfor the production of plastics, dyes, pharmaceuticals,syntans, and other products.
Hydroxybenzene is one of the most versatile industrialorganic chemicals.

Hydroxybenzene is the starting point formany diverse products used in the home andindustry.
A partial list includes nylon, epoxyresins, surface active agents, synthetic detergents,plasticizers, antioxidants, lube oil additives,Hydroxybenzeneic resins (with formaldehyde, furfural,and so on), cyclohexanol, adipic acid,polyurethanes, aspirin, dyes, wood preservatives,herbicides, drugs, fungicides, gasolineadditives, inhibitors, explosives, and pesticides.

PROPERTIES OF Hydroxybenzene:
Hydroxybenzene is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M).
Homogeneous mixtures of Hydroxybenzene and water at Hydroxybenzene to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible.
The sodium salt of Hydroxybenzene, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble.
Hydroxybenzene is more acidic than aliphatic alcohols.
The differing pKa is attributed to resonance stabilization of the phenoxide anion.
In this way, the negative charge on oxygen is delocalized on to the ortho and para carbon atoms through the pi system.

Hydroxybenzenes are susceptible to Electrophilic aromatic substitutions.
Condensation with formaldehyde gives resinous materials, famously Bakelite.
Another industrial-scale electrophilic aromatic substitution is the production of bisHydroxybenzene A, which is produced by the condensation with acetone.
Hydroxybenzenes undergo esterification.
Hydroxybenzene esters are active esters, being prone to hydrolysis.
Hydroxybenzenes are reactive species toward oxidation.

Acidity:
Hydroxybenzene is a weak acid.
Hydroxybenzene is in equilibrium with the Hydroxybenzeneate anion C6H5O− (also called phenoxide).

Hydrogen bonding:
In carbon tetrachloride and alkane solvents Hydroxybenzene hydrogen bonds with a wide range of Lewis bases such as pyridine, diethyl ether, and diethyl sulfide.
The enthalpies of adduct formation and the −OH IR frequency shifts accompanying adduct formation have been studied.

Hydroxybenzene is classified as a hard acid which is compatible with the C/E ratio of the ECW model with EA = 2.27 and CA = 1.07.
The relative acceptor strength of Hydroxybenzene toward a series of bases, versus other Lewis acids, can be illustrated by C-B plots.

Phenoxide anion:
The phenoxide anion is a strong nucleophile with a nucleophilicity comparable to the one of carbanions or tertiary amines.
Hydroxybenzene can react at both its oxygen or carbon sites as an ambident nucleophile.
Generally, oxygen attack of phenoxide anions is kinetically favored, while carbon-attack is thermodynamically preferred.

Mixed oxygen/carbon attack and by this a loss of selectivity is usually observed if the reaction rate reaches diffusion control.
Hydroxybenzene exhibits keto-enol tautomerism with its unstable keto tautomer cyclohexadienone, but only a tiny fraction of Hydroxybenzene exists as the keto form.

The small amount of stabilisation gained by exchanging a C=C bond for a C=O bond is more than offset by the large destabilisation resulting from the loss of aromaticity.
Hydroxybenzene therefore exists essentially entirely in the enol form.
4, 4' Substituted cyclohexadienone can undergo a dienone–Hydroxybenzene rearrangement in acid conditions and form stable 3,4‐disubstituted Hydroxybenzene.

Hydroxybenzenes are enolates stabilised by aromaticity.
Under normal circumstances, phenoxide is more reactive at the oxygen position, but the oxygen position is a "hard" nucleophile whereas the alpha-carbon positions tend to be "soft".

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF Hydroxybenzene:
Similar to alcohols, Hydroxybenzenes have hydroxyl groups that can participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonding; in fact, Hydroxybenzenes tend to form stronger hydrogen bonds than alcohol.
Hydrogen bonding results in higher melting points and much higher boiling points for Hydroxybenzenes than for hydrocarbons with similar molecular weights.
Hydroxybenzene has a boiling point more than 70 degrees higher than that of toluene (C6H5CH3; MW 92, bp 111 °C).

The ability of Hydroxybenzenes to form strong hydrogen bonds also enhances their solubility in water.
Hydroxybenzene dissolves to give a 9.3 percent solution in water, compared with a 3.6 percent solution for cyclohexanol in water.
The association between water and Hydroxybenzene is unusually strong; when crystalline Hydroxybenzene is left out in a humid environment, it picks up enough water from the air to form liquid droplets.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Hydroxybenzene:
Hydroxybenzene is highly soluble in water. Very soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, glycerol, carbon disulphide, petrolatum, volatile and fixed oils, aqueous alkali hydroxides.
Hydroxybenzene is a colorless or white solid when it is pure.
However, it is usually sold and used as a liquid.
The odor threshold for Hydroxybenzene is 0.04 parts per million (ppm), with a strong very sweet odor reported.
Hydroxybenzene is very soluble in water and is quite flammable.
The chemical formula for Hydroxybenzene is C6H6O and the molecular weight is 94.1 g/mol. (8,9)

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Hydroxybenzene:
The molecular formula of Hydroxybenzene is C2H5OH and molecular mass 94.113 g mol-1
Hydroxybenzene is a transparent crystalline solid with a sweet and tarry odour.
The density is 1.07 grams per centimetre cube, melting point is 40.5 °C and boiling point is 181.7 °C
Approximately 84.2 g of Hydroxybenzene dissolve in 1000 mL of water, making it a notable organic chemical that is water soluble (0.895 M).

REACTION OF Hydroxybenzene:
Hydroxybenzene is highly reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution.
The enhance nucleophilicity is attributed to donation pi electron density from O into the ring.
Many groups can be attached to the ring, via halogenation, acylation, sulfonation, and related processes.

Hydroxybenzene's ring is so strongly activated that bromination and chlorination lead readily to polysubstitution.
Hydroxybenzene reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitroHydroxybenzene and 4-nitroHydroxybenzene while with concentrated nitric acid, additional nitro groups are introduced, e.g. to give 2,4,6-trinitroHydroxybenzene.
Aqueous solutions of Hydroxybenzene are weakly acidic and turn blue litmus slightly to red.

Hydroxybenzene is neutralized by sodium hydroxide forming sodium phenate or Hydroxybenzeneate, but being weaker than carbonic acid, it cannot be neutralized by sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide.
Much of the chemistry of Hydroxybenzenes is like that of alcohols.
For example, Hydroxybenzenes react with acids to give esters, and phenoxide ions (ArO−) can be good nucleophiles in Williamson ether synthesis.
Although Hydroxybenzenes are often considered simply as aromatic alcohols, they do have somewhat different properties.

The most obvious difference is the enhanced acidity of Hydroxybenzenes.
Hydroxybenzenes are not as acidic as carboxylic acids, but they are much more acidic than aliphatic alcohols, and they are more acidic than water.
Unlike simple alcohols, most Hydroxybenzenes are completely deprotonated by sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Hydroxybenzenes are highly reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution, because the nonbonding electrons on oxygen stabilize the intermediate cation.

USES OF Hydroxybenzene:
The major uses of Hydroxybenzene, consuming two thirds of its production, involve its conversion to precursors for plastics.
Partial hydrogenation of Hydroxybenzene gives cyclohexanone, a precursor to nylon.
Nonionic detergents are produced by alkylation of Hydroxybenzene to give the alkylHydroxybenzenes, e.g., nonylHydroxybenzene, which are then subjected to ethoxylation.
Hydroxybenzene is also a versatile precursor to a large collection of drugs, most notably aspirin but also many herbicides and pharmaceutical drugs.

Hydroxybenzene is a component in liquid–liquid Hydroxybenzene–chloroform extraction technique used in molecular biology for obtaining nucleic acids from tissues or cell culture samples.
Hydroxybenzene is most frequently used to produce plastic precursors, accounting for two-thirds of its total production.

Hydroxybenzene is also a useful precursor to a wide range of medications like aspirin, including several herbicides and pharmaceutical drugs.
In molecular biology, Hydroxybenzene is a component of the liquid-liquid Hydroxybenzene-chloroform extraction method used to extract nucleic acids from tissue or cell culture samples.

Many people use Hydroxybenzene as an antiseptic. Joseph Lister was the first to use it.
For otology treatments, concentrated liquid Hydroxybenzene can be applied topically as a local anaesthetic.
Due to its low cost, Hydroxybenzene is used for numerous small-scale purposes.

In order to remove epoxy, polyurethane, and other chemically resistant coatings, it is a component of industrial paint strippers used in the aviation sector.
The formulation of cosmetics has utilised Hydroxybenzene derivatives.
The primary use of Hydroxybenzene is in the production of Hydroxybenzeneic resins, which are used in the plywood, construction, automotive, and appliance industries.

Hydroxybenzene is also used in the production of caprolactam and bisHydroxybenzene A, which are intermediates in the manufacture of nylon and epoxy resins, respectively.
Other uses of Hydroxybenzene include as a slimicide, as a disinfectant, and in medicinal products such as ear and nose drops, throat lozenges, and mouthwashes

Medical:
Hydroxybenzene is widely used as an antiseptic.
From the early 1900s to the 1970s it was used in the production of carbolic soap.
Concentrated Hydroxybenzene liquids are commonly used for permanent treatment of ingrown toe and finger nails, a procedure known as a chemical matrixectomy.
Hydroxybenzene spray, usually at 1.4% Hydroxybenzene as an active ingredient, is used medically to treat sore throat.
Hydroxybenzene is the active ingredient in some oral analgesics.

Niche uses:
Hydroxybenzene is so inexpensive that it attracts many small-scale uses.
Hydroxybenzene is a component of industrial paint strippers used in the aviation industry for the removal of epoxy, polyurethane and other chemically resistant coatings.
Hydroxybenzene derivatives have been used in the preparation of cosmetics including sunscreens, hair colorings, and skin lightening preparations.

SYNTHESIS OF Hydroxybenzene:
Many Hydroxybenzenes of commercial interest are prepared by elaboration of Hydroxybenzene or cresols.
They are typically produced by the alkylation of benzene/toluene with propylene to form cumene then O2 is added with H2SO4 to form Hydroxybenzene (Hock process). ,

In addition to the reactions above, many other more specialized reactions produce Hydroxybenzenes:
rearrangement of esters in the Fries rearrangement
rearrangement of N-phenylhydroxylamines in the Bamberger rearrangement
dealkylation of Hydroxybenzeneic ethers
reduction of quinones

replacement of an aromatic amine by an hydroxyl group with water and sodium bisulfide in the Bucherer reaction
thermal decomposition of aryl diazonium salts, the salts are converted to Hydroxybenzene
by the oxidation of aryl silanes—an aromatic variation of the Fleming-Tamao oxidation
catalytic synthesis from aryl bromides and iodides using nitrous oxide

CHARACTERISTICS OF Hydroxybenzene:
Hydroxybenzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound composed of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group.
Hydroxybenzene is a solid and has a characteristic chemical smell.

APPLICATIONS OF Hydroxybenzene:
Hydroxybenzene is used as a raw material to make Hydroxybenzeneic resins and bisHydroxybenzene A which in turn is a raw material for epoxy resins.
Hydroxybenzene is also used as a raw material for a variety of dyes, surfactants, disinfectants, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and intermediate chemicals.

Hydroxybenzene is used as a precursor in drugs.
Hydroxybenzene is used as an antiseptic.
Hydroxybenzene is used in the production of nylon.
Hydroxybenzene is used to preserve vaccines.

Hydroxybenzene is used in oral analgesics.
Derivatives of Hydroxybenzene are used in beauty products like hair colour and sunscreen.
Hydroxybenzene is used in the synthesis of plastics.
Hydroxybenzene is used to produce detergents and carbonates.