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Hydroxyethanoic acid is an exfoliant targeted at the surface of the skin.
Hydroxyethanoic acid helps improve skin clarity, balance uneven skin tone, and correct texture over time.
Hydroxyethanoic acid contains a derivative of plant origin which varies in colour seasonally and this colour variation may be apparent in the formula from time to time.
CAS Number: 79-14-1
EC Number: 201-180-5
IUPAC Name: Hydroxyacetic acid
Chemical Formula: C2H4O3
Other names: Glycolic acid, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, 79-14-1, Glycollic acid, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Acetic acid, hydroxy-, glycolate, Caswell No. 470, Glycocide, alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid, Kyselina glykolova, Kyselina glykolova, Kyselina hydroxyoctova, HOCH2COOH, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, Kyselina hydroxyoctova, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000101, GlyPure, HSDB 5227, NSC 166, Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, AI3-15362, UNII-0WT12SX38S, MFCD00004312, GlyPure 70, BRN 1209322, Acetic acid, hydroxy-, homopolymer, .alpha.-Hydroxyacetic acid, GLYCOLLATE, 0WT12SX38S, NSC166, CHEBI:17497, NSC-166, 26124-68-5, Polyglycollic acid, GOA, glycolicacid, Dexon (polyester), C2H4O3, Poly(L-glycolic acid), Glypure 70 homopolymer, Glycolic acid homopolymer, EINECS 201-180-5, Hydroxyacetic acid homopolymer, Hydroxyethanoate, a-Hydroxyacetate, CCRIS 9474, hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-Hydroxyaceticacid, alpha-Hydroxyacetate, a-Hydroxyacetic acid, Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, homopolymer, Glycolic Acid 70%, Glycolic acid solution, 2-hydroxy acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-acetic acid, omega-Hydroxy fatty acid, 2-hydroxyl ethanoic acid, Glycolic acid, polyesters, HO-CH2-COOH, DSSTox_CID_5363, bmse000245, WLN: QV1Q, EC 201-180-5, DSSTox_RID_77763, Glycolic acid (7CI,8CI), DSSTox_GSID_25363, 4-03-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Glycolic acid, p.a., 98%, Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI), CHEMBL252557, DTXSID0025363, Glycolic Acid, Crystal, Reagent, Glycolic acid solution, 56-58%, BCP28762, Glycolic acid, >=97.0% (T), STR00936, ZINC4658557, Tox21_301298, s6272, STL197955, AKOS000118921, Glycolic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, CS-W016683, DB03085, Glycolic acid solution, puriss., 70%, HY-W015967, MCULE-9792551388, CAS-79-14-1, NCGC00160612-01, NCGC00160612-02, NCGC00257533-01, Glycolic acid, 66-70% aqueous solution, K398, Glycolic acid solution, CP, 70% in H2O, FT-0612572, FT-0669047, G0110, G0196, Glycolic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, Glycolic acid, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%, C00160, C03547, D78078, Glycolic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, HYDROXYACETIC ACID; HYDROXYETHANOIC ACID, Glycolic acid, BioXtra, >=98.0% (titration), Glycolic acid solution, technical, ~55% in H2O, Q409373, J-509661, F2191-0224, Glycolic acid solution, high purity, 70 wt. % in H2O, Hydroxyacetic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid, Z1259155884, 287EB351-FF9F-4A67-B4B9-D626406C9B13, Glycolic acid solution, technical grade, 70 wt. % in H2O, Glycolic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Glycolic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%, Glycolic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Hydroxyethanoic acid should not be used on sensitive, peeling or compromised skin.
This pH of Hydroxyethanoic acid is approximately 3.6.
Hydroxyethanoic acid has a pKa of 3.6 and pKa is the most important aspect to consider in formulating with acids.
When pKa is close to pH, there is an ideal balance between salt and acidity, maximizing effectiveness of the acid and reducing irritation.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a natural ingredient derived from sugar cane, though it is now often made synthetically.
Hydroxyethanoic acid has cosmetic grade and pharmaceutical Grade.
Hydroxyethanoic acid falls into the set of ingredients called AHA’s, or alpha hydroxy acids.
There are five ingredients that fall into the AHA category.
APPLICATION:
Hydroxyethanoic acid can remove the dead cells on the skin and can also be used as depilatory.
Moisturizing skin care.
Prevent and repair of skin cell damage.
Good lubricity and smooth the skin.
Can used for cosmetic material alpha hydroxy acid production.
Nourish skin, delay skin aging.
WARNINGS:
For external use only.
Before use, apply the product to a small part of your skin in order to prevent possible unwanted side effects and irritation, continue using the product if sensitivity does not occur.
In case of sensitivity after application, stop using the product and consult your doctor.
Avoid contact with eyes. In case of contact, wash with plenty of water.
Store in a safe place out of the reach of children and out of direct sun contact.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is not recommended to be applied on sensitive and irritated skin.
Due to its AHA (Alpha Hydroxy Acid) content, it can make your skin sensitive to the sun and cause sunburns.
Do not neglect to use sunscreen from the moment you start using the product.
DESCRIPTION:
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid, highly soluble in water.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used in various skin-care products. Hydroxyethanoic acid is widespread in nature.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a salt or ester of Hydroxyethanoic acid.
PREPARATION:
Hydroxyethanoic acid can be synthesized in various ways.
The predominant approaches use a catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas (carbonylation of formaldehyde), for its low cost.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is also prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide followed by re-acidification.
Other methods, not noticeably in use, include hydrogenation of oxalic acid, and hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin derived from formaldehyde.
Some of today's Hydroxyethanoic acids are formic acid-free. Hydroxyethanoic acid can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe and unripe grapes.
Hydroxyethanoic acid can also be prepared using an enzymatic biochemical process that may require less energy.
PROPERTIES:
Hydroxyethanoic acid is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron-withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group.
The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions forming coordination complexes.
This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of its proton.
APPLICATION:
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis, in a range of reactions including: oxidation-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used as a monomer in the preparation of polyHydroxyethanoic acid and other biocompatible copolymers.
Commercially, important derivatives include the methyl esters which are readily distillable (boiling points 147–149 °C and 158–159 °C, respectively), unlike the parent acid. The butyl ester (b.p. 178–186 °C) is a component of some varnishes, being desirable because it is nonvolatile and has good dissolving properties.
OCCURENCE:
Plants produce Hydroxyethanoic acid during photorespiration.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is recycled by conversion to glycine within the peroxosomes and to tartronic acid semialdehyde within the chloroplasts.
Because photorespiration is wasteful side reaction with regards to photosynthesis, much effort has been devoted to suppressing its formation.
One process converts glycolate into glycerate without using the conventional BASS6 and PLGG1 route; see glycerate pathway.
SAFETY:
Hydroxyethanoic acid is an irritant to the skin.
Hydroxyethanoic acid occurs in all green plants.
WHAT IS GLYCOLIC ACID:
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a type of alpha-hydroxy acid (or AHA) that's derived from sugar cane.
Hydroxyethanoic acid joins other acids you might recognize, such as lactic acid (derived from sour milk and purportedly a favorite of Cleopatra's), tartaric acid (from grapes), and citric acid—which, you might guess, comes from citrus fruits.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a natural ingredient derived from sugar cane, though it is now often made synthetically.
Hydroxyethanoic acid has cosmetic grade and pharmaceutical Grade.
Hydroxyethanoic acid falls into the set of ingredients called AHA’s, or alpha hydroxy acids.
RECOMMENDED OF GLYCOLIC ACID:
Hydroxyethanoic acid’s high water solubility and small molecular size allow it to penetrate deep inside concrete residues and reactfrom within.
Because of its less corrosive nature Hydroxyethanoic acid can be used on most surfaces and equipment without concerns for etching and damage.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is easier to dispose of than other cleaning agents such as phosphoric acid or HCl.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) made from sugar cane.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is one of the most widely used AHAs in skincare products.
HOW GLYCOLIC ACID WORKS:
Hydroxyethanoic acid has the smallest-sized molecules of all the AHAs.
This allows Hydroxyethanoic acid to absorb into the skin and exfoliate it even better than other AHAs.
Hydroxyethanoic acid works by speeding up cell turnover.
In other words, Hydroxyethanoic acid dissolves the bonds that hold skin cells together.
In effect, your skin is able to shed dead skin cells more quickly than it would on its own.
Hydroxyethanoic acid triggers your skin to make more collagen as well.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is the protein that makes skin firm, plump, and elastic.
Hydroxyethanoic acid also gives your bones and connective tissues their strength.
Your skin makes less collagen as you age.
Collagen is also destroyed when you spend too much time in the sun.
Using Hydroxyethanoic acid each day can help prevent the breakdown of collagen.
WHAT IT DOES FOR YOUR SKIN:
Anti aging: Hydroxyethanoic acid smooths fine wrinkles and improves the skin's tone and texture.
Hydration: Hydroxyethanoic acid plumps the skin and prevents it from getting dry.
Sun damage: Hydroxyethanoic acid fades dark patches caused by sun damage and protects collagen from the sun.
Complexion: Hydroxyethanoic acid brightens the skin when used regularly.
Exfoliation: Hydroxyethanoic acid prevents ingrown hairs and makes pores appear smaller by helping the skin shed dead skin cells.
Acne: Hydroxyethanoic acid cleans out pores to prevent comedones, blackheads, and inflamed breakouts.
DESCRIPTION:
This daily moisturizer works with natural mechanisms to balance the skin and increase its moisture capacity, leaving a mattifying effect that looks flawless under make-up.
Light and silky soft, Hydroxyethanoic acid is easily accepted by the skin and is quickly absorbed to obtain a matte and visibly nourished skin.
The citrus scent is obtained from carefully selected natural essential oils as a rejuvenator and rejuvenator.
The Hydroxyethanoic acid Activator dissolves instantly in the skin, working as an excellent base to increase the effectiveness.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
Boiling point: 112 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.26 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 10 °C
pH value: 0.5 (700 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 27.5 hPa (25 °C)
SPECIFICATION:
Assay (acidimetric): 69.0 - 74.0 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.260 - 1.280
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 3 ppm
Refractive index (n 20°/D): 1.410 - 1.415
pH-value: 0.0 - 1.0
DEFINITION:
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a substance that chemically exfoliates the skin by dissolving dead skin cells and oils.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is naturally present in certain plants, such as beets, sugarcane, and some fruits.
Due to its properties, Hydroxyethanoic acid is also a popular ingredient in skin care products.
Hydroxyethanoic acid helps to gently cleanse the skin of dead skin, oil, dirt and make-up residues, reduce the appearance of pores and balance sebum secretion.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is effective in protecting the skin against signs of aging by renewing it.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a combination of various fruit acids; citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, Hydroxyethanoic acid and tartaric acid, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid.
Hydroxyethanoic acid has ability in removing dead cells from the skin surface.
Hydroxyethanoic acid has a gentle exfoliating effect and contributes to the renewal of the skin and a better appearance.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is not recommended for the use of sensitive skin due to its low PH.
Hydroxyethanoic acid penetrates the skin effectively and quickly and shows exfoliating effect.
Hydroxyethanoic acid promotes cell regeneration and contributes to the skin’s smooth, soft and hydrated.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is universally known as one of the most iconic anti-aging ingredients for its ability to boost cellular turnover and have a peeling effect.
Naturally derived from botanicals, this AHA is perfect to be used as an exfoliator and anti-wrinkle treatment.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.
Hydroxyethanoic acid has a role as a metabolite and a keratolytic drug.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a primary alcohol.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is functionally related to an acetic acid.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a conjugate acid of a glycolate.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is a metabolite found.
Hydroxyethanoic acids molecules are the smallest among the AHAs, so it is able to penetrate the skin and be better absorbed.
Hydroxyethanoic acid works by breaking the bonds between old skin cells and freeing them, so they can be exfoliated.
When used routinely, Hydroxyethanoic acid helps accelerate the skin's renewal process, bringing fresh new skin to the surface, which looks younger and dewier.
Hydroxyethanoic acid exfoliates the skin by removing dead skin cells.
Although nature does not require assistance at a young age, it becomes much more difficult for the skin to get rid of dead cells beyond the age of 30.
The buildup of dead skin cells leads the skin to appear dull and gray, increasing the probability of impurities and flakes.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid, derived from sugar cane, sugar beets, and other substances.
Hydroxyethanoic acid’s used as a medium-strength chemical peel.
Hydroxyethanoic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Hydroxyethanoic acid peels are effective for treating several skin conditions.
This treatment is done professionally by doctors and licensed cosmetologists or aestheticians.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
Hydroxyethanoic acid is mainly supplemented to various skin-care products to improve the skin’s appearance and texture.
Hydroxyethanoic acid can also reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation.
In textile industry, it can be used as a dyeing and tanning agent.
Hydroxyethanoic acid can also be used as a flavoring agent in food processing, and as a skin care agent in the pharmaceutical industry.
Hydroxyethanoic acid can also be added into emulsion polymers, solvents and ink additives to improve flow properties and impart gloss.
Moreover, Hydroxyethanoic acid is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis including oxidative-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.
USAGE AREAS:
Dead skin cells accumulate on human skin.
As a result, dry skin, acne formation and wrinkles occur on the skin.
Skin care products containing Hydroxyethanoic acid (Hydroxyethanoic acid) are produced to prevent the accumulation of dead skin cells on the skin.
Chemicals containing 2-Hydroxyacetic Acid are used to increase the moisture level of the skin.
In this way, the water binding capacity of the skin is increased.
There is Hyaluronic Acid in the skin.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used to increase the water holding capacity of Hyaluronic Acid.
Age spots form as people age. In the cosmetic industry, formulas containing Hydroxyethanoic acid are used to remove these age spots to look younger.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used for pH control.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is an important component in chemical grinding of metals.
Organic acid can be used in required formulas.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used in the cosmetics industry in combination with products made to brighten the skin.
Products containing Hydroxyethanoic acid, produced in cream form, are formulated with several different compounds.
These include Salicylic Acid, Vitamin E, and Oils.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used in the manufacture of creams for the treatment of flaky skin skins.
Due to its chemical structure, Hydroxyethanoic acid is a chemical compound that can be used to make the hair brighter, healthier and straighter by reacting with the keratin in the hair structure.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used in the production of chemical peels produced to treat acne on the skin.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used in cosmetic preparations produced to fill wrinkles on the skin, to prevent moisture loss of the skin and to increase the production of hyaluronic acid.
Hydroxyethanoic acid in the category of Alpha-Hydroxyacid, which is therapeutically effective, is used to eliminate dermatological disorders on the skin.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is formulated in amphoteric composition and polymeric form.
These dermatological disorders are blackheads. It also indirectly contributes to the production of collagen proteins.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used for increasing the resistance against environmental and biological stress in plants and for the growth of the plant.
The optimal Hydroxyethanoic acid concentration is in the range of 2-500 ppm to prevent stress in plants.
The way of use can be added to the leaves, soil and irrigation system of the plant.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
Hydroxyethanoic acid, CH20HCOOH, also known as hydroxyacetic acid, is composed of colorless deliquescent leaflets that decompose at approximately 78° C (172 OF).
It is soluble in water,alcohol,and ether.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is used in dyeing, tanning, electropolishing,and in foodstuffs.
It is produced by oxidizing glycol with dilute nitric acid.
USES:
In the processing of textiles, leather, and metals; in pH control, and wherever a cheap organic acid is needed, e.g. in the manufacture of adhesives, in copper brightening, decontamination cleaning, dyeing, electroplating, in pickling, cleaning and chemical milling of metals.
Hydroxyethanoic acid (hydroxyacetic acid) reduces corenocyte cohesion and corneum layer thickening where an excess buildup of dead skin cells can be associated with many common skin problems, such as acne, dry and severely dry skin, and wrinkles.
Hydroxyethanoic acid acts by dissolving the internal cellular cement responsible for abnormal keratinization, facilitating the sloughing of dead skin cells.
Hydroxyethanoic acid also improves skin hydration by enhancing moisture uptake as well as increasing the skin’s ability to bind water.
This occurs in the cellular cement through an activation of Hydroxyethanoic acid and the skin’s own hyaluronic acid content.
Hyaluronic acid is known to retain an impressive amount of moisture and this capacity is enhanced by Hydroxyethanoic acid.
As a result, the skin’s own ability to raise its moisture content is increased. Hydroxyethanoic acid is the simplest alpha hydroxyacid (AHA).
Hydroxyethanoic acid is also the AHA that scientists and formulators believe has greater penetration potential largely due to its smaller molecular weight.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is mildly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes if the formulation contains a high Hydroxyethanoic acid concentration and/ or a low pH.
Hydroxyethanoic acid proves beneficial for acne-prone skin as it helps keep pores clear of excess keratinocytes.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is also used for diminishing the signs of age spots, as well as actinic keratosis.
However, Hydroxyethanoic acid is most popularly employed in anti-aging cosmetics because of its hydrating, moisturizing, and skin-normalizing abilities, leading to a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Regardless of the G skin type, Hydroxyethanoic acid use is associated with softer, smoother, healthier, and younger looking skin.
Hydroxyethanoic acid is naturally found in sugarcane but synthetic versions are most often used in cosmetic formulations.
