HYDROXYLAMINE SULFATE

Hydroxylammonium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula [NH3OH]2SO4. 
A colorless solid, Hydroxylammonium sulfate is the sulfate salt of hydroxylamine. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is primarily used as an easily handled form of hydroxylamine, which is a volatile liquid.

CAS:    10039-54-0
MF:    H2O4S.2H3NO
MW:    164.14
EINECS:    233-118-8

Synonyms
Hydroxylammoniumsulfat;HYDROXYLAMMONIUM SULFATE, 99.999%;Hydroxylammonium;HYDROXYLAMINESULFATE,CRYSTAL,REAGENT;Oxammonium sulfate;Hydroxyamine sulfate;HYDROXYLAMMONIUM SULFATE REAGENT;HAS

Colorless crystalline solid. 
Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. 
May be toxic by ingestion.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate exists as tetrahedral NH3OH+ cations and sulfate anions.
Hydroxylamine sulfate is a white crystalline solid commonly used as a reducing agent in pharmaceutical manufacturing. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is also employed in the synthesis of caprolactam, a precursor to several drugs.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (NH3OH)2SO4, is the sulfuric acid salt of hydroxylamine. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is primarily used as an easily handled form of hydroxylamine, which is explosive when pure.

Also hydroxylammonium sulfate, or HS, (NH2OH)2·H2S04 is colorless crystals that are soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. 
The solution has a corrosive action on the skin. 
Used as a reducing agent, photographic developer, purification agent for aldehydes and ketones, chemical synthesis, textile chemical, oxidation inhibitor for fatty acids, catalyst, in biological and biochemical research, for making oximes for paints and varnishes, and rustproofing.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate is a reducing agent in photography; catalyst, swelling agent, and copolymerization inhibitor in polymerization processes; in chemical synthesis; as a textile chemieal; as an oxidation inhibitor; in making oximes for paints and varnishes; in rustproofing; in nondiscoloring short -stoppers for synthetic rubbers; for unhairing hides; in biological and biochemical research; as a purification agent for aldehydes and ketones; converts aldehydes and ketones to oximes and acid chlorides to hydroxamic acids.

Hydroxylamine sulfate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 170 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Boiling point: 56.5℃
density: 1.86
bulk density: 1100kg/m3
vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility water: soluble(lit.)
form: Crystals
color: White
PH: 3.6 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
biological source: mouse
Water Solubility: 329 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,4828
Stability: Stable, but may be an explosion hazard - do not heat. May decompose explosively in the presence of alkalies. Air sensitive. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with copper, copper alloys, strong oxidising agents, strong bases, nitrites.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions    ANTIOXIDANT
InChI: 1S/2H3NO.H2O4S/c2*1-2;1-5(2,3)4/h2*2H,1H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)
InChIKey: VRXOQUOGDYKXFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.031 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 10039-54-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Hydroxylammonium sulfate (10039-54-0)

Also hydroxylammonium sulfate, or HS, (NH2OH)2·H2S04 is colorless crystals that are soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. 
The solution has a corrosive action on the skin. 
Used as a reducing agent, photographic developer, purification agent for aldehydes and ketones, chemical synthesis, textile chemical, oxidation inhibitor for fatty acids, catalyst, in biological and biochemical research, for making oximes for paints and varnishes, and rustproofing.

Physical properties    
Colorless, crystalline solid; melts at 177°C (decomposes); very soluble in386 HYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE / HYDROXYLAMINE SULFATEpp-03-25-new dots.qxd 10/23/02 2:38 PM Page 386 water; slightly soluble in alcohol.

Production
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is prepared industrially by protonation of hydroxylamine. 
The latter is produced by the hydrogenation of nitric oxide using a platinum catalyst:

2 NO + 3 H2 + H2SO4 → [NH3OH]2[SO4]
Another route to NH2OH is the Raschig process: aqueous ammonium nitrite is reduced by 
HSO−3 and SO2 at 0 °C to yield a hydroxylamido-N,N-disulfonate anion:

[NH4]+[NO2]− + 2 SO2 + NH3 + H2O → [NH4]2[HON(SO3)2]
This ammonium hydroxylamine disulfonate anion is then hydrolyzed to give hydroxylammonium sulfate:

[NH4]2[HON(SO3)2] + 2 H2O → [HONH3]2SO4

Uses
Almost all hydroxylamine and its salts are used to make precursors to nylons via cyclohexanone oxime.
Many aldehydes and ketones undergo the same conversion to oximes. 
carboxylic acids and their derivatives (e.g. esters) convert to hydroxamic acids. 
Isocyanates to N-hydroxyureas. 
Nitriles react to give amidoximes. Hydroxylammonium sulfate is also used to generate hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid from oleum or from chlorosulfuric acid.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is a reducing agent in photography; catalyst, swelling agent, and copolymerization inhibitor in polymerization processes; in chemical synthesis; as a textile chemieal; as an oxidation inhibitor; in making oximes for paints and varnishes; in rustproofing; in nondiscoloring short -stoppers for synthetic rubbers; for unhairing hides; in biological and biochemical research; as a purification agent for aldehydes and ketones; converts aldehydes and ketones to oximes and acid chlorides to hydroxamic acids.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in the production of anti-skinning agents, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, plastics and detergents. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is a radical scavenger that terminates radical polymerization reactions and serves as an antioxidant in natural rubber. 
(NH3OH)2SO4 is a starting material for some insecticides, herbicides and growth regulators. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in photography as a stabiliser for colour developers and as an additive in photographic emulsions in colour film.
Hydroxylamine sulfate may be used to prepare highly sensitive cellulose tape, used for the detection of formaldehyde gas. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate may be used in the quantitative determination of perchlorate in biological fluids by spectrophotometric methods.
As reducing agent in photography; in synthetic and analytical chemistry; to purify aldehydes and ketones. 
As antioxidant for fatty acids and soaps. 
As dehairing agent for hides.
Used as to purify aldehydes and ketones; reagent for mercury and silver detection in water; reducing agent.

Chemical Synthesis: Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used as a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis, particularly in the production of oximes, hydroxamic acids, and other nitrogen-containing compounds.
Photography: Hydroxylammonium sulfate is employed in photographic developing solutions as a reducing agent.
Textile Industry: Hydroxylamine sulfate is utilized in the textile industry for dye fixing and dye stripping processes.
Pharmaceuticals: Hydroxylammonium sulfate finds application in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical intermediates.

Preparation    
Hydroxylammonium sulfate may be prepared by mixing stoichiometric amountsof hydroxylamine and sulfuric acid. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate also may be prepared by electrolytical-ly reducing an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate.