HYDROXYLAMMONIUM SULFATE (HAS)

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water. 
Hydroxylamine sulphate (HAS) is a white crystalline compound containing nitrogen with the formula of (NH2OH)2.H2SO4 and is therefore an ammonia (NH3) like compound. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS), is the sulfuric acid salt of hydroxylamine. 

CAS Number: 10039-54-0
Molecular Formula: H2O4S.2H3NO
Molecular Weight: 164.14
EINECS Number: 233-118-8

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is soluble in water and is hygroscopic in nature. 
Also Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS), or HS, (NH2OH)2·H2S04 is colorless crystals that are soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. 
The solution has a corrosive action on the skin. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used as a reducing agent, photographic developer, purification agent for aldehydes and ketones, chemical synthesis, textile chemical, oxidation inhibitor for fatty acids, catalyst, in biological and biochemical research, for making oximes for paints and varnishes, and rustproofing.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O4S.2H3NO. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a strong acid, and is used in a variety of industrial and laboratory applications. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is also used in the synthesis of a variety of organic compounds, and has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications. 

This paper will discuss the synthesis method, scientific research applications, mechanism of action, biochemical and physiological effects, advantages and limitations for lab experiments, and future directions of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS).
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is colorless crystalline solid. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is primarily used as an easily handled form of hydroxylamine, which is explosive when pure.
Cyclohexanone oxime undergoes hydrolytic reaction with sulfuric acid to yield hydroxylamine sulfate.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is prepared industrially via the Raschig hydroxylamine process, which involves the reduction of nitrite with bisulfite. 
This initially gives Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS), which is hydrolysed to hydroxylammonium sulfate: It can also be obtained by the acid-base reaction of hydroxylamine with sulfuric acid:
2NH2OH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → (NH3OH)2SO4(aq)

At 120 °C, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) begins to decompose to sulfur trioxide, nitrous oxide, water, and ammonia[dubious – discuss]:
2(NH3OH)2SO4 → 2SO3 + N2O + 2NH3 + 5H2O
The reaction is exothermic above 138 °C, and is most exothermic at 177 °C.

Metals (especially copper, its alloys and its salts) catalyse the decomposition of hydroxylammonium sulfate. 
The instability of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is mainly due to the hydroxylammonium ion's weak nitrogen to oxygen single bond.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS), Reagent, ACS, also known as Hydroxylammonium sulfate, is used to convert ketones and aldehydes to oximes in organic synthesis. 

As an ACS grade quality reagent, its chemical specifications are the de facto standards for chemicals used in many high-purity applications and typically designate the highest quality chemical available for laboratory use. 
Spectrum Chemical manufactured Reagent ACS grade products meet the toughest regulatory standards for quality and purity.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) solution is a colorless, odorless liquid. 
At high temperature (140 °C) it will undergo exothermic decomposition and may explode. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is corrosive to metals and should be kept separate from strong oxidizing agents. 

Additional hazardous decomposition products such as sulphur oxides, ammonia, and nitrogen oxides may form in the event of an explosion or fire.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) solution is harmful with ingestion and after absorption through the skin. 
Repeated exposure can damage red blood cells and reduce the ability of the blood to carry oxygen. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can cause allergic skin reactions and can cause significant eye irritation.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is not known to cause reproductive or developmental harm.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been found to be genotoxic in some in vitro assays but not in intact animal studies. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is considered to have no or low genotoxic potential.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has not been evaluated for its ability to cause cancer in humans.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is toxic to aquatic life. As hydroxylamine sulfate released into the environment will quickly transform into hydroxylamine and further breakdown products, there is almost no potential for bioaccumulation. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is most commonly synthesized by the reaction between ammonium sulfate and hydroxylamine sulfate. 
This reaction is typically carried out at room temperature and in the presence of a catalyst. 
The resulting Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a white, odorless, crystalline solid. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can then be purified by recrystallization or filtration.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS), often abbreviated as HAS, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (NH3OH)2SO4. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a salt that contains hydroxylamine cations (NH3OH+) and sulfate anions (SO4^2-). 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is commonly used in various industrial applications.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is known for its reducing properties, and it is often used as a reducing agent in chemical processes. 
One notable application is in the preparation of hydrazine, a chemical compound with important uses in various industries, including as a rocket propellant, in pharmaceuticals, and as a component in some water treatment processes.

Additionally, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in analytical chemistry for the determination of certain metals, as it can form complexes with metal ions. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may also find applications in other chemical reactions where a reducing agent is required.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is chemical structure reflects the presence of hydroxylamine, which is a compound containing an amino group (-NH2) and a hydroxyl group (-OH). 
The sulfate ion (SO4^2-) contributes to the overall charge balance of the compound.
One of the primary uses of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is as a reducing agent in chemical reactions. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is particularly useful in processes where the reduction of metal ions is required.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a precursor in the synthesis of hydrazine (N2H4), a powerful reducing agent and an important industrial chemical. 
The reaction involves the reduction of hydroxylammonium sulfate to hydrazine.

In analytical chemistry, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can be used to reduce certain metal ions for analysis. 
The formation of complexes between hydroxylamine and metal ions is employed in various analytical techniques.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been used in water treatment processes. Its reducing properties can be beneficial in certain applications where the removal of specific contaminants is necessary.

Due to its reducing nature and potential hazards, including its role in the synthesis of hydrazine, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) should be handled with care. 
Adequate safety measures, such as the use of protective equipment and proper ventilation, are essential.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is typically stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances.

Melting point: 170 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Boiling point: 56.5℃
Density: 1.86
vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: water: soluble(lit.)
form: Crystals
color: White
PH: 3.6 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: 329 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,4828
LogP: -1.031 (est)

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be prepared by mixing stoichiometric amountsof hydroxylamine and sulfuric acid. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) also may be prepared by electrolytical-ly reducing an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been studied for its potential applications in various scientific research areas. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been used as a reagent for the synthesis of organic compounds, such as alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has also been used as a catalyst in organic reactions. 
In addition, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications, such as as an antifungal agent and an antiviral agent.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is involved in diazotization reactions, where aromatic amines are converted to diazonium salts. 
This is a crucial step in the synthesis of azo dyes and other organic compounds.
In addition to its role in reducing metal ions, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is employed in analytical chemistry for the determination of certain compounds, including carbonyl compounds.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can be used as a photoinitiator in free radical polymerization reactions initiated by light. 
This is relevant in certain polymerization processes in the production of polymers.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in chemiluminescence reactions, where light is produced as a result of a chemical reaction. 

This property has applications in analytical chemistry and the development of chemiluminescent assays.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a related compound derived from hydroxylammonium sulfate. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is known for its stability and is used as a reagent in various chemical transformations.

Some research suggests that Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS), a compound derived from hydroxylammonium sulfate, may play a role in biological nitrogen fixation by certain bacteria.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can be involved in modifying the properties of polymers through specific chemical reactions. 
This can result in changes to the polymer's structure and performance.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in electroless plating processes, which involve the deposition of a metal layer on a substrate without the use of an external electrical current.
In some spectrophotometric analyses, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be used as a reagent for colorimetric measurements.
In certain industrial processes, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is employed as an oxygen scavenger to reduce oxygen levels, preventing corrosion and other undesirable reactions.

The mechanism of action of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is not yet fully understood. 
However, it is believed that the acidity of Hydroxylammonium sulfate is responsible for its biological activity. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is thought that the acidity of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) increases the solubility of certain compounds, which in turn allows them to interact with biological molecules. 

In addition, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is thought that the acidity of Hydroxylammonium sulfate can disrupt the cell membranes of certain organisms, leading to their death.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been studied for its potential biochemical and physiological effects. 
Studies have shown that Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has antifungal and antimicrobial activity. 

In addition, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has also been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has several advantages and limitations when used in laboratory experiments. 

One advantage is that Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a strong acid and is highly soluble in water, making it easy to use in a variety of experiments. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is also a strong acid, which can be corrosive and can cause damage to laboratory equipment.

There are many potential future directions for Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) research. 
One potential direction is to further study the biochemical and physiological effects of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS). 
In addition, further research could be conducted to explore the potential therapeutic applications of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS). 

Finally, further research could be conducted to explore the potential industrial and laboratory applications of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS).
In the past, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) was used in photography as a photographic developer, specifically in processes involving the reduction of silver halides.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) finds applications in the textile industry, particularly in the preparation of certain dyes and chemicals used in textile processing.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been employed in biological research, particularly in studies related to nitric oxide. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can be used in the preparation of diazeniumdiolates, which release nitric oxide under specific conditions.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been investigated for its potential role in inhibiting nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme involved in the production of nitric oxide in the body. 

This research is often related to studying the physiological and pathological roles of nitric oxide.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been studied as a corrosion inhibitor for metals, particularly in cooling water systems, where it can help reduce corrosion of metal surfaces.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can be a source of hydroxylamine derivatives, which have applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.

In certain polymerization reactions, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be used as a reducing agent or a reaction modifier.
Ongoing research may discover new applications for Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) in different fields, as chemical research continually explores novel reactions and processes.

Uses Of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS):
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a reducing agent in photography; catalyst, swelling agent, and copolymerization inhibitor in polymerization processes; in chemical synthesis; as a textile chemieal; as an oxidation inhibitor; in making oximes for paints and varnishes; in rustproofing; in nondiscoloring short -stoppers for synthetic rubbers; for unhairing hides; in biological and biochemical research; as a purification agent for aldehydes and ketones; converts aldehydes and ketones to oximes and acid chlorides to hydroxamic acids.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be used to prepare highly sensitive cellulose tape, used for the detection of formaldehyde gas. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be used in the quantitative determination of perchlorate in biological fluids by spectrophotometric methods.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in organic synthesis for various reactions, such as the Wolff–Kishner reduction, where it helps to convert carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) into corresponding hydrocarbons.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used as to purify aldehydes and ketones; reagent for mercury and silver detection in water; reducing agent.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used as a raw material for herbicides, insecticides, germicides, acaricides and other products in the form of derivatives of hydroxamic acid, hydroxy uric acid, carbamate, alkyl hydroxylamine, oxadiazole, and organophosphorous compounds, among others. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is also used as a raw material for germicides, CNS sedatives, antihistamines, sedatives, drugs for high blood sugar, wound infection inhibitors, diuretics, stimulants, blood coagulants, anti-malarial drugs, and diabetes drugs and other products in the form of derivatives of hydroxamic acid, hydroxy uric acid, isoxazole, oxadiazole, oxime, and amide, among others. 

Due to its ability to reduce hydroxylamine sulfate and form metal complexes, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used as a metal surface treatment agent, precipitant for separating metal, metal extractant, and rust proofer.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in organic synthesis to convert aldehydes and ketones to oximes, carboxylic acids and their derivatives (e.g. esters) to hydroxamic acids, isocyanates to N-hydroxyureas and nitriles to amidoximes. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is also used to generate hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid from oleum or chlorosulfuric acid.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in the production of anti-skinning agents, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, plastics and detergents. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a radical scavenger that terminates radical polymerization reactions and serves as an antioxidant in natural rubber. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a starting material for some insecticides, herbicides and growth regulators. 

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in photography as a stabiliser for colour developers and as an additive in photographic emulsions in colour film.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, rubber products and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used as a viscosity stabilizer for natural rubber, and as a non-contaminating shortstopper for synthetic rubber.

A derivative of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is also used as a vulcanizer. Its many properties, including selective reactivity to textile fiber functional groups, make it useful for applications such as dye improvers, textile discoloration inhibitors, and modifiers for acrylic fibers and cellulose.
Other uses include resin improvers, UV stabilizers, and polymerization catalysts.

Due to its ability to reduce Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) and form metal complexes, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used as a metal surface treatment agent, precipitant for separating metal, metal extractant, and rust proofer.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used as a raw material for herbicides, insecticides, germicides, acaricides and other products in the form of derivatives of hydroxamic acid, hydroxy uric acid, carbamate, alkyl hydroxylamine, oxadiazole, and organophosphorous compounds, among others.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) solution is used in organic synthesis to prepare various pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is also used for textile finishing, as a photographic processing solution, for metal finishing, and as a vulcanization accelerator. 
In the nuclear industry Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used for separation of uranium and plutonium.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is widely used as a reducing agent in the conversion of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) to their corresponding alcohols. 
This is known as the Wolff-Kishner reduction.
One of the major applications of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is in the synthesis of hydrazine. 

The reduction of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is a key step in the production of hydrazine, which has applications in various industries, including as a rocket propellant, in pharmaceuticals, and as a reducing agent in chemical processes.
Historically, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been used in photographic developing solutions, where it contributes to the reduction of silver ions in the development of photographic films.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in the synthesis of certain dyes, particularly azo dyes, which are widely employed in the textile industry.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can be used as a component in polymerization reactions, influencing the molecular structure and properties of polymers.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is utilized in chemiluminescence reactions, which produce light as a result of a chemical reaction. 
This property is employed in analytical chemistry and various assays.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in electroless plating processes, where a metal layer is deposited onto a substrate without the need for an external electrical current.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be employed in water treatment processes, contributing to the removal of specific contaminants.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) and its derivatives are used in biological research, particularly in studies related to nitric oxide and its role in physiological and pathological processes.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been investigated for its potential as a corrosion inhibitor in certain applications, helping to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is used in analytical chemistry for the determination of various compounds, including metal ions and carbonyl compounds.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be used in other processes within the textile industry.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can serve as an oxygen scavenger to reduce oxygen levels and prevent corrosion.
Some research suggests that hydroxylamine, a derivative of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS), may be involved in biological nitrogen fixation by certain microorganisms.
In analytical chemistry, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be used as a reagent in spectrophotometric analyses for the quantification of specific compounds.

In organic synthesis labs, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is employed for various reactions due to its reducing properties and versatility in chemical transformations.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can be used in wastewater treatment processes to assist in the removal of color from industrial effluents.
In certain applications within the food industry, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be used as a processing aid or additive.

In addition to its role in free radical polymerization, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be used as a photoinitiator in other types of polymerization reactions initiated by light.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) has been investigated for its potential use in gas absorption processes, particularly in the removal of gases such as carbon dioxide.
In environmental applications, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be used in soil remediation processes to facilitate the degradation of certain pollutants.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) can be utilized in metal surface treatment processes to modify the properties of metal surfaces.
Some research has explored the potential use of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) in fuel cell technologies.
In some instances, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) or its derivatives may act as a catalyst in various organic reactions.

In certain analytical techniques, Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may be used as a stabilizing agent for specific chemical species.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) may find applications in pyrotechnics due to its ability to participate in redox reactions.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is often used as a reagent in research and development laboratories for exploring new chemical reactions and processes.

Safety Profile Of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS):
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is an irritant to the respiratory tract, skin, eyes, and other mucous membranes. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is harmful if swallowed and may be absorbed through the skin. 
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) and its compounds are considered possible mutagen.

Poison by skin contact and intraperitoneal routes. 
A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. 
Moderately explosive when exposed to heat or by chemical reaction. 

In the presence of alkalies at elevated temperatures, free Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS) is liberated and may decompose explosively. 
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and NOx.

Synonyms Of Hydroxylammonium sulfate (HAS):
10039-54-0
HAS, Hydroxylammonium Sulfate
Hydroxylamine Sulfate