TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE

TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE = Titanium(IV) chloride = Tetrachlorotitanium

CAS Number: 7550-45-0
EC-No. : 231-444-5
MDL number: MFCD00011267
Linear Formula: TiCl4

Titanium tetrachloride is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that has fumes with a strong odor. 
If Titanium tetrachloride comes in contact with water, Titanium tetrachloride rapidly forms hydrochloric acid, as well as titanium compounds. 
Titanium tetrachloride is not found naturally in the environment and is made from minerals that contain titanium. 
Titanium tetrachloride is used to make titanium metal and other titanium-containing compounds, such as titanium dioxide, which is used as a white pigment in paints and other products and to produce other chemicals.

Titanium tetrachloride appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor.
Titanium(IV) Chloride (Titanium Tetrachloride) is generally immediately available in most volumes. 
Ultra high purity, high purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. 
Titanium tetrachloride is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that has fumes with a strong odor. 

If Titanium tetrachloride comes in contact with water, Titanium tetrachloride rapidly forms hydrochloric acid, as well as titanium compounds.
Titanium tetrachloride is not found naturally in the environment and is made from minerals that contain titanium. 
The chemical formula for titanium tetrachloride is TiCl4, and Titanium tetrachlorides molecular weight is 189.73 g/mol.
Titanium tetrachloride occurs as a colorless to light yellow liquid that is soluble in cold water and decomposes in hot water.

Titanium tetrachloride has a penetrating acid odor; the odor threshold has not been established. 
The vapor pressure of titanium tetrachloride is 10.0 mm Hg at 20 °C.
Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl4. 
Titanium tetrachloride is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide. 

TiCl4 is a volatile liquid. 
Upon contact with humid air, Titanium tetrachloride forms spectacular opaque clouds of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hydrated hydrogen chloride. 
Titanium tetrachloride is sometimes referred to as "tickle" or "tickle 4" due to the phonetic resemblance of Titanium tetrachlorides molecular formula (TiCl4) to the word.
TiCl4 is a dense, colourless distillable liquid, although crude samples may be yellow or even red-brown. 

Titanium tetrachloride is one of the rare transition metal halides that is a liquid at room temperature. 
This property reflects the fact that molecules of TiCl4 weakly self-associate. 
Most metal chlorides are polymers, wherein the chloride atoms bridge between the metals. 
Titanium tetrachlorides melting and boiling points are similar to those of CCl4.

Ti4+ has a "closed" electronic shell, with the same number of electrons as the inert gas argon. 
The tetrahedral structure for TiCl4 is consistent with its description as a d0 metal center (Ti4+) surrounded by four identical ligands. 
This configuration leads to highly symmetrical structures, hence the tetrahedral shape of the molecule. 
TiCl4 is soluble in toluene and chlorocarbons. 

Certain arenes form complexes of the type [(C6R6)TiCl3]+. 
TiCl4 reacts exothermically with donor solvents such as THF to give hexacoordinated adducts. 
Bulkier ligands (L) give pentacoordinated adducts TiCl4L.
Titanium Tetrachloride (chemical formula TiCl4) is a clear acidic liquid, water white to light straw yellow used in the production of catalysts, pearlescent pigments and titanium metal and the surface treatment of metal and glass. 

Titanium Tetrachloride is also used as a Ti precursor for manufacturing titanium dioxide, organic titanates and mixed oxides.
Titanium tetrachloride can accelerate numerous organic reactions. 
Valuable syntheses of, e.g., allyl sulfides, amides, enamines, and ketones are based upon transformations of functional groups with TiCl4. 
Particular mention should also be made of carbon-carbon linkage with TiCl4 which permits the synthesis of hydroxy ketones and carbonyl compounds of the Michael adduct type. 

TiCl4 reduced in situ is suitable for the reduction of chloroarenes or the linkage of two aldehyde molecules to give an alkene.
Titanium tetrachloride is a colourless liquid with a penetrating acidic odour. 
Titanium tetrachloride does not exist naturally in the environment but is man-made. 
Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl4. 

Titanium tetrachloride is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide. 
TiCl4 is an unusual example of a metal halide that is highly volatile. 
Upon contact with humid air, Titanium tetrachloride forms spectacular opaque clouds of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl). 
An alterntive IUPAC name is tetrachlorotitanium.

Titanium tetrachloride is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that has fumes with a strong or pungent odor. 
If Titanium tetrachloride comes in contact with water, Titanium tetrachloride rapidly forms hydrochloric acid (HCl), as well as other titanium compounds. 
While not found naturally in the environment, TiCl4 is made from minerals that contain titanium and used to make titanium metal and other titanium-containing compounds. 
One such compound is titanium dioxide, which is used as a white pigment in paints, paper, and to produce other chemicals.

Titanium tetrachloride is a dense, colourless liquid that is highly reactive with water. 
Titanium tetrachloride is formed in the chloride process used to produce titanium dioxide (TiO2).
Titanium tetrachloride is synthetic compound that is generated from processing minerals containing titanium. 
Titanium tetrachloride is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a strong stinging odor. 

Titanium tetrachloride is highly reactive with water. 
Upon contact Titanium tetrachloride will fume and form hydrogen chloride and various titanium oxides. 
If moisture is present in the air, titanium tetrachloride reacts with the moisture to form hydrochloric acid and other titanium compounds, such as titanium hydroxide and titanium oxychlorides.
Titanium tetrachloride (also called titanium (IV) chloride or TiCl4) is a strong Lewis acid. 

Titanium tetrachloride is highly oxophilic and reacts instantly with water to form TiO2 and HCl vapours. 
Titanium tetrachloride is a clear, colourless liquid at RT. 
Less pure samples may have a colour or solid particulates but Titanium tetrachloride can be re-purified by distillation. 
Titanium tetrachloride is not compatible with ethereal solvents as Titanium tetrachloride is known to form crystalline diether complexes. 

Titanium tetrachloride is non-polar and is soluble in/compatible with benzene and chlorinated solvents.
Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl4. 
TiCl4 is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide. 
TiCl4 is an unusual example of a metal halide that is highly volatile. 

Upon contact with humid air, Titanium tetrachloride forms spectacular opaque clouds of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl). 
Titanium tetrachloride is sometimes referred to as "tickle" due to the phonetic resemblance of its molecular formula (TiCl4) to the word.
Titanium tetrachloride is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that has fumes with a strong odor.

Titanium tetrachloride is a colourless liquid with a penetrating odour. 
Titanium tetrachloride does not exist naturally in the environment but is man-made using minerals that contain high levels of titanium.
The world's supply of titanium metal, about 4M tons per year, is made from TiCl4. 
The conversion takes place by the reduction of the chloride with magnesium metal, and yields titanium metal and magnesium chloride.

Uses and Applications of TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE:
-Titanium Tetrachloride is used for a variety of products; electronic components, catalysts for manufacturing polyolefin, pearl pigments, and evaporation materials etc.
-Titanium sponge
-High purity titanium dioxide (TiO2)
-Barium titanate

-Polymerization catalyst (Ziegler-Natta catalyst)
-Titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution
-Titanium tetrachloride is used to make titanium metal and other titanium-containing compounds, such as titanium dioxide, which is used as a white pigment in paints and other products and to produce other chemicals. 
-Titanium tetrachloride, the starting material for TiO2 pigments and titanium metal, serves the same function for many titanium compounds and is used as a catalyst as well.

-Titanium tetrachloride is used as an intermediate in the production of titanium metal, titanium dioxide, and titanium pigments, in the manufacture of iridescent glass and artificial pearls, as a polymerization catalyst, and to produce smoke screens. 
-Titanium tetrachloride was formerly used with potassium bitartrate as mordant in the textile industry and with dyewoods in dyeing leather. 
-Titanium tetrachloride is the main raw material for making titanium sponge and titanium chloride. 
-Titanium tetrachloride is used as an important component of ethylene polymerization catalysts. 

-Titanium tetrachloride is used in the manufacture of pigments and titanium organic compounds as well as smoke agents for national defense. 
-Titanium tetrachloride is also a good solvent for dissolving various organic substances such as synthetic resins, rubber, and plastics.
-Preparation of titanium trichloride for the iodometric method. 
-Mix with ammonia to form a fuming agent. 

-Polymerization catalyst. 
-Glass with iridescent agent.
-In manufacture of titanium pigments and metal, as a catalyst in organic syntheses, in iridescent glass, as a smoke screenTitanium(IV) chloride is used to make titanium metal, pigment titanium dioxide and is used in smoke screens. 
-Titanium tetrachloride is involved in the activation of pyrrolidines for better conversion through a modified Bouveault reaction, to the corresponding alpha, alpha -dimethylamines. 

-In organometllic chemistry, Titanium tetrachloride is used to prepare complexes like titanocene dichloride, which is a precursor to Ziegler-Natta catalysts. 
-Tebbe’s reagent is an aluminum containing derivative of titanocene used for the olefination reactions.
-Titanium tetrachloride is used in industry to manufacture titanium metal and titanium compounds
-Titanium tetrachloride is also used to produce artificial pearls and iridescent glass. 

-In the past Titanium tetrachloride has been used by the textile industry to set dyes onto fabric and to produce smoke screens for the military.
-Production of catalysts.
-Production of electronic chemicals.
-Manufacture of pearlescent pigments.

-Precursor of titanium metals and powders.
-Metal/glass surface treatment.
-Manufacturing of titanium dioxides.
-Metalworking: Used worldwide as a material for manufacturing titanium metal.

-Pigments: Titanium tetrachloride is used as the main component in special titanium oxides such as chloride-process titanium oxides and ultrafine particle titanium oxides.
-Plastics: Titanium tetrachloride is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of plastics such as PP (polypropylene), HDPE (high density polyethylene), IR (isoprene rubber), etc.
-Electronics: Titanium tetrachloride is used as a material in the manufacture of electronic components including TiO2, BaTiO3, etc.
-Deposition material: Titanium tetrachloride is used as a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) material in the manufacture of TiN, TiC, TiB2.

-Titanium tetrachloride is used as a material for manufacturing organic titanium compounds.
-Titanium tetrachloride is an important part of the production of TiO2 and to produce the metal titanium. 
-Titanium tetrachloride is also used to manufacture artificial pearls and iridescent glass (a type of coloured glass), and in Ziegler-Natta catalysts used to produce types of plastic.
-The preparation of metallic titanium, known as the Kroll process, consists essentially of the reduction of titanium tetrachloride with magnesium in an inert atmosphere to produce titanium metal with magnesium chloride as a by-product.

-Titanium tetrachloride is the basic compound from which to prepare metallic titanium by the Kroll process, much thought has been given to the preparation of titanium tetrachloride from titanium ores such as rutile or ilmenite.
-Titanium metal is very valuable because of its lightness and strength, while titanium pigments are very valuable to the paint and plastics industries. 
-Titanium dioxide is the most widely used white pigment where “whiteness” and opacity are required.
-Titanium dioxide is involved in the activation of pyrrolidines for better conversion through a modified Bouveault reaction, to the corresponding alpha, alpha -dimethylamines. 

-In organometllic chemistry, Titanium dioxide is used to prepare complexes like titanocene dichloride, which is a precursor to Ziegler-Natta catalysts. 
-Tebbe's reagent is an aluminum containing derivative of titanocene used for the olefination reactions.
-TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE is used primarily in the production of titanium metal, and to create the widely-used pigment titanium dioxide. 

-When exposed to moisture in the air, TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE will rapidly decompose into titanium dioxide and hydrochloric acid which produce a thick white smoke; the white coloring from the titanium dioxide and the smoke from the hydrochloric acid. 
Because of this, TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE has been used for creating smoke screens by the military, by commercial planes to perform skywriting, and to observe airflow patterns in buildings. 
Because TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE does not require heat to generate smoke, TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE has also seen use in the film and television industry for various special effects.

-TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE is used to manufacture titanium-containing compounds; used as white pigments in paints. 
-TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE is used in chemical vapor deposition to apply coatings to metals and other materials with high melting points. 
-The process involves bubbling hydrogen and nitrogen though a bath of titanium tetrachloride or vanadium tetrachloride. 
-TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE is used in dyeing textiles and leather (mordant), making glass, and in smoke screens.

-TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE is used to make titanium metal and other titanium-containing compounds, such as titanium dioxide, which is used as a white pigment in paints and other products and to produce other chemicals.
-Minerals with a high titanium content, such as beneficiated ilmenite, mineral r-utile, and leucoxene, are used in the production of titanium tetrachloride.
-Titanium tetrachloride is used in industry to manufacture titanium metal and titanium compounds.
-In the past TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE has been used by the textile industry to set dyes onto fabric and to produce smoke screens for the military.

-Titanium tetrachloride is ideal to use as a white pigment in both oil and water-based paints, as well as in paper, plastics, inks, and cosmetics.
-Titanium tetrachloride is used in the manufacturing of titanium dioxide pigments, titanium metal, artificial pearls, and iridescent glass; in the production of Ziegler-Natto catalysts; and as a military smoke screen.
-Titanium tetrachloride has not been found in water, soil, food, or air except in the workplace. 
-Titanium tetrachloride was formerly used with potassium bitartrate as a mordant in the textile industry, with dyewoods to dye leather, and as a smoke-producing screen with ammonia for the military.

-Asymmetric Aldol Additions.
-Isomerization of β-carotene by titanium tetrachloride catalyst.
-Mix-solvent-thermal method for the synthesis of anatase nanocrystalline titaniumdioxide used in dye-sensitized solar cell.

Synonyms:
Titanium tetrachloride
Titanium(IV) chloride
Tetrachlorotitanium
Titanic chloride
TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE
Titantetrachloride
Titanic chloride
Titanium(IV)tetrachloride
Titanium chloride 
Anhydrous titanium tetrachloride
tannic chloride
tickle

Physical and chemical properties of TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE:
Appearance Form: liquid
Colour: colourless
Molecular Weight: 189.68
Relative density: 1,73 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,005 g/l - insolubleRisk of violent reaction.
Odour: stinging
Odour Threshold: No data available
pH: Not applicable
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -25 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 135 - 136 °C - lit.
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapour pressure: 12 hPa at 20 °C
Vapour density: 6,55
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Auto-ignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Flash Point: 8 °C
Refractive Index: 1.61
Melting Point:    -25 °C
Specific Gravity: 1.726 (15-20 °C)
Vapor Density: 197.4 (Oxygen=16)
Vapor Pressure:    logP=7.64433-1947.6/T (P:mmHg,T:K)
Critical Temperature:    358 °C
Specific Heat: 35.7 cal/mol °C (liquid)(13-99 °C)
Viscosity: 0.826 C.P (20 °C)
Heat of Vaporization: 8.96 kcal/mol (25 °C)
Heat of Fusion: 2.24 kcal/mol
Heat Conductivity: 0.073 kcal/m.hr.°C
Surface Tension: 34.03 dyn/cm (13 °C)
Dielectric Constant: 2.83 (10C), 2.79 (20 °C)
Coefficient of Cubical Expansion: 0.001086 (0-100 °C)
Entropy: 
60.4±2 cal/mol. °C (25 °C, liquid)
84.4±1 cal/mol. °C (25 °C, vapor)
Heat of Formation:    
-198.5±10 kcal/mol (0 °C, solid)
-184.3±10 kcal/mol (0 °C, gas)

First aid measures of Titanium(IV) chloride:
-Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician. 
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. 
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. 
Wash off with soap and plenty of water. 
Take victim immediately to hospital. 
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting. 
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Rinse mouth with water. 
Consult a physician.

Exposure controls/personal protection of Titanium(IV) chloride:
-Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
-Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls
Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. 
Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.
Personal protective equipment
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles. 
Faceshield (8-inch minimum). 
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves. 
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. 
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. 
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. 
Wash and dry hands.
The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of Regulation (EU) 2016/425 and the standard EN 374 derived from it.
Full contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,2 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 210 min
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. 
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. 
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. 
Do not let product enter drains.

Accidental release measures of Titantetrachloride:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Wear respiratory protection. 
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. 
Ensure adequate ventilation. 
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. 
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Do not flush with water. 
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Firefighting measures of Titantetrachloride:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Dry powder.
Dry sand.
Unsuitable extinguishing media:
Do NOT use water jet.
-Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
-Further information: No data available

Handling and storage of TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. 
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. 
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. 
Store in cool place.
Never allow product to get in contact with water during storage.
Handle and store under inert gas. 
Moisture sensitive. 

Disposal considerations of TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE:
-Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. 
Waste material must be disposed of in accordance with the Directive on waste 2008/98/EC as well as other national and local regulations. 
Leave chemicals in original containers. 
No mixing with other waste. 
Handle uncleaned containers like the product itself.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.