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Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is a chemical compound commonly used as a biocide and preservative in various products, especially in the personal care, cosmetic, and industrial sectors.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is a member of the carbamate family and is characterized by its chemical structure, which consists of a butyl group attached to a 3-iodoprop-2-ynyl moiety.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is a highly effective fungicide as well as a bactericide.
CAS Number: 55406-53-6
Molecular Formula: C8H12INO2
Molecular Weight: 281.09
EINECS Number: 259-627-5
Synonyms: 55406-53-6, Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, Iodocarb, 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate, 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, Ipbc, 3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, Woodlife, Troysan KK-108A, Carbamic acid, butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester, 3-iodoprop-2-ynyl N-butylcarbamate, 1-Iodoprop-1-yn-3-yl N-n-butylcarbamate, 3-IODO-2-PROPYNYLBUTYLCARBAMATE, 3-Iodo-2-propynyl-N-butylcarbamate, Butyl-3-iodo-2-propynylcarbamate, MFCD00072438, 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl N-butylcarbamate, 3-IODO-2-PROPYNYLBUTYL CARBAMATE, 603P14DHEB, DTXSID0028038, CHEBI:83279, 3-iodoprop-2-ynyl butylcarbamate, 85045-09-6, DTXCID908038, Caswell No. 501A, CAS-55406-53-6, 3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-Butylcarbamate-d9, HSDB 7314, 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate, EINECS 259-627-5, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 107801, BRN 2248232, iodocarbe, UNII-603P14DHEB, C8H12INO2, 3-iodo-2-propynyl-N-butyl carbamate, 1246815-08-6, 3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl N-butylcarbamate, Iodocarb 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, Carbamic acid, butyl-3-iodo-2-propynyl ester, IPBC [MI], SCHEMBL114369, CHEMBL1893913, 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate #, 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-ylbutylcarbamate, Tox21_201864, Tox21_301117, AKOS015905567, CS-W010051, GS-3240, NCGC00164376-01, NCGC00164376-02, NCGC00164376-03, NCGC00164376-04, NCGC00164376-05, NCGC00255017-01, NCGC00259413-01, SY052464, 3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, 97%, IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE [VANDF], 3-IODO-2-PROPYNYL BUTYL CARBBAMATE, DB-262370, I0666, IODOPROPYNYL BUTYL CARBAMATE [MART.], NS00000275, N-Butylcarbamic Acid 3-Iodo-2-propynyl Ester, 3-IODO-2-PROPYNYLBUTYLCARBAMATE [HSDB], Q2928998, W-105563, Carbamic acid, N-butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl ester, 3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, analytical standard, troysanpolyphaseanti-mildew;woodlife;TROYSAN POLYPHASE 588;3-iodo-2-propynyl;PERMATOX;3-IODO-2-PROPINYLBUTYLCARBAMATE;IODOCIDE IPBC;Butyl-3-iodo-2-propnyl ester carbamic acid
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is a preservative that has been used as an industrial fungicide since the 1970s and more recently has been combined with formaldehydereleasing agents for use in cosmetics.
The North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch tested with 0.1%iodopropynyl butylcarbamate in petrolatum and found 0.2% of their patch test clinic patients had positive reactions to this chemical.
Most cosmetic applications appear to require less than 0.012% of this preservative.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate was first used in the 1970s as a film fungicide for paint and then as a wood preservative, where final use concentration up to 4% was permitted.
For paint and coatings usually no more than 0.5% iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is used.
For metalworking fluids, adhesives, textiles, and paper, concentrations between 0.1%and 0.2% are common.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in concentrations less than or equal to 0.1%and that it should not be used in products intended to be aerosolized.
By 1996, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate was used in 122 formulations reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is found in a wide variety of occupational and consumer products, including shampoos, lotions, powders, makeup, baby products, paints, coatings, metalworking fluids, household products, cooling water, building materials, and contact lenses.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is an irritant, although at low concentrations few problems have been reported.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, also known as IPBC or IPBC preservative, is an antimicrobial ingredient commonly used in cosmetics.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate appears as a white, crystalline powder.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is not a paraben; it belongs to a different chemical class called carbamates.
Its chemical formula is C9H12IN3O2, and it is soluble in both water and oil-based systems.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is added to cosmetic formulations to prevent microbial growth, thus extending the shelf life of products.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
However, it is important to note that this ingredient usage should comply with regulatory guidelines to ensure safe levels of exposure in cosmetic applications.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is widely used in the cosmetics industry for its antimicrobial properties and preservative capabilities.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is incorporated into various cosmetic formulations to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, thereby extending the shelf life of the products.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is particularly useful in water-based formulations such as lotions, creams, and liquid cosmetics, where microbial contamination can be a concern.
By inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate helps maintain the safety and integrity of cosmetic products, ensuring that they remain free from spoilage and potential health risks, while maintaining their efficacy over time.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is typically synthesized through a reaction between iodine, butylamine, and carbamic acid.
The reaction forms the Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate compound, which is then further processed and purified to obtain the final product.
This synthesis method ensures the production of this ingredient with the desired antimicrobial properties for cosmetic applications.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is a water-soluble preservative used globally in the paints & coatings, wood preservatives, personal care, and cosmetics industries.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is a member of the carbamate family of biocides.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate was invented in the 1970s and has a long history of effective use as an antifungal technology.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate was initially developed for use in the paint & coatings industry as a dry-film preservative to protect interior and exterior coatings from mold, mildew, and fungal growth, while also offering cost performance and sustainability benefits.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate exhibits efficacy against a broad spectrum of fungal species, typically at very low use levels.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate today is incorporated into a wide variety of interior and exterior paint formulations around the world.
Use is restricted in some countries due to its toxicity, especially acute inhalation toxicity.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is also becoming recognized as a contact allergen.
It's one of those things that help your cosmetics not to go wrong too soon, aka a preservative.
Its strong point is being effective against yeasts and molds, and as a nice bonus seems to be non-comedogenic as well.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is safe in concentrations of less than 0.1% but is acutely toxic when inhaled, so it's not the proper preservative choice for aerosol formulas like hairsprays.
Used at 0.1%, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate has an extremely low rate of skin-irritation when applied directly for 24 hours (around 0.1% of 4,883 participants) and after 48 hours that figure was 0.5%, so it counts as mild and safe unless your skin is super-duper sensitive.
The molecular formula of Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is C8H12INO2, and its chemical name is 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate.
It features a butyl group (C4H9) connected to a propynyl group (C3H2I) via a carbamate linkage (NHCOO).
The iodine atom in the molecule is responsible for its antimicrobial properties.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is widely used as a preservative in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, and lotions.
It helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold in cosmetic formulations, extending the shelf life of the products.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamates primary function in cosmetics is to act as an antimicrobial and fungicide.
The iodine component in the molecule is effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, which can spoil products and cause infections when applied to the skin.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is also used in wood and leather preservation.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate helps protect these materials from microbial damage, including fungal growth and decay, by preventing the proliferation of mold and mildew.
In the industrial sector, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is incorporated into paints, adhesives, and coatings to prevent microbial contamination, particularly in environments where exposure to moisture and humidity can encourage mold growth.
In some formulations, it is used as an anti-fungal agent for agricultural purposes, including in the preservation of crops and plants.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamateis soluble in water and organic solvents, making it versatile for various formulations.
It is stable in the presence of both acidic and neutral conditions, making it suitable for use in a wide range of product types.
It is considered highly effective at low concentrations, typically around 0.05-0.1% in cosmetic products, depending on the intended use.
While Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is widely used, there are some concerns regarding its safety:
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate can cause skin irritation and sensitization, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin.
Prolonged or excessive exposure may lead to allergic reactions or irritation.
In high concentrations, it can be toxic if ingested or if there is prolonged skin contact.
However, the concentrations used in cosmetic products are usually low and considered safe for topical application when following guidelines.
There are concerns about its potential environmental impact, particularly in aquatic ecosystems, due to its antimicrobial properties.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is a broad-spec- trum preservative used for years because of its wide field of application, in polymer emulsions and pigment dispersions such as water-based paints and adhesives, cements and inks, as a wood preservative, in metal- working fluids, household products, and cosmetics.
Allergic contact dermatitis to IPBC was reported due to cosmetics, from sanitary wipes, and in metalworkers.
Melting point: 64-68 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 321.8±25.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.606±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
vapor pressure: 0.005Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,2-8°C
solubility: soluble in Methanol
pka: 12.03±0.46(Predicted)
color: White to Almost white
Water Solubility: 168mg/L at 20℃
Merck: 14,5069
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.81 at 25℃
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is a water-based preservative agent that comes from the carbamate chemical family.
It has been used for years as a preservative in water-based paints, metal-working fluids and as a wood preservative.
More recently it has been used as a preservative in cosmetics products, where it is found to be effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is a carbamate ester. Carbamates are chemically similar to, but more reactive than amides.
Like amides they form polymers such as polyurethane resins. Carbamates are incompatible with strong acids and bases, and especially incompatible with strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is produced by the combination of active metals or nitrides with carbamates.
Strongly oxidizing acids, peroxides, and hydroperoxides are incompatible with carbamates.
A carbamate ester that is carbamic acid in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a butyl group and in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group is replaced by a 1-iodoprop-2-yn-3-yl group.
A fungicide, it is used as a preservative and sapstain control c emical in wood products and as a preservative in adhesives, paints, latex paper coating, plastic, water-based inks, metal working fluids, textiles, and numerous consumer products.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate has produced slight irritation in rabbits. However, it was not found to be either a skin sensitizer or a photo sensitizer in guinea pigs.
Cosmetic formulations containing up to 0.125% of iodopropynyl butylcarbamate produce no significant irritation or sensitization reactions in human repeated insult patch tests.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate did not cause crosssensitization reactions in patients who had demonstrated sensitivity to related dithiocarbamate compounds.
In the European Union, it is approved as a preservative up to 0.05% and is not to be used in oral hygiene or lip care products.
If the concentration exceeds 0.02% in leave-on products, a warning label must indicate that the product contains iodine.
The study, "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate", discusses the results of 32 studies between 1990 and 1994 in 3,582 subjects using skin application of IPBC at relevant concentrations.
All 32 studies showed no evidence of contact sensitization compared to placebo controls, with the report stating "With each test formulation, a few panelists had erythema, edema, and/or a papular response, but overall, the results were negative."
In addition, the study mentions two skin sensitivity studies on 183 children ages 3 – 12 yrs which showed no adverse effects as well as no significant irritation from IPBC.
Since the early safety report, there have been a few reports of human skin sensitivity to IPBC in individual patients – all of which showed complete recovery after discontinuance of use of any product containing the IPBC which was presumably an allergen for these patients.
Post-1996 tests of human sensitivity to Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate have all shown quite low sensitivity, having overall reported human skin testing (patch test) on 53,774 subjects with only 491 of those subjects showing any reaction (0.8%) to IPBC.
In every study, positive patch test reactions occurred in less than 1% of subjects tested in all but one study.
This is a very low reaction rate, but it is not zero, and the industry reports this low rate of reaction even though in the largest study of 25,435 subjects over 69% of the reactions were either weak or doubtful.
These combined studies showing prevalence of reaction below 1% means that Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate at this time does not have the reaction rates necessary to be included as an allergen in standard allergy series.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate remains under close monitoring as it is a relatively new preservative for cosmetic products and will presumably increase in usage.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is an internationally recognized preservative that has been used for years because of a wide eld of application.
The need for a broad-spectrum and safe preservative system for cosmetics has led to the development of several combinations of Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate with other preservatives eective against a wide variety of organisms.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is also used as a preservative in household products, paints, cements and inks.
Uses Of Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate:
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is used as a preservative in personal care formulations.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is used as a preservative in personal care formulations.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is used as a preservative in personal care formulations.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is a preservative with broad fungicidal activity used in skin care products.
It is recommended for use in difficult formulation systems.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is an effective fungicide at very low concentrations in cosmetic and other products, and has shown very low sensitivity in humans tested with this preservative.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate was approved in 1996 for use up to 0.1% concentrations in topical products and cosmetics.
However, this preservative is mostly found in cosmetics at about one-eighth that level.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate Toxicity and Safety Tests show it to be generally safe: When used properly in leave-on skin products, IPBC is extremely safe.
Previous to being approved for cosmetic use in 1996, extensive safety and toxicity tests were conducted on IPBC and their results were gathered along with earlier studies in a report of the Safety Assessment of IPBC by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review.
This final report found Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate to be a non-carcinogen with no genotoxicity and in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies using rats and mice, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate had no significant effect on fertility, reproductive performance, or on the incidence of fetal malformation.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is primarily used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in various applications due to its ability to prevent the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and mold.
One of its most common uses is in cosmetic and personal care products, where it helps to extend the shelf life of items such as shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, lotions, and other skincare products.
By inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms, it ensures that these products remain safe for use and free from contamination that could lead to spoilage or skin irritation.
In addition to cosmetics, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is also used in the wood treatment industry.
It acts as a fungicide and preservative for wood, protecting it from mold and mildew growth, particularly in environments with high humidity or moisture, which are conducive to fungal infestation.
Similarly, it is used in leather treatment to prevent microbial damage and decay, ensuring that leather products, including furniture, clothing, and accessories, maintain their integrity over time.
Another important use of Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is in industrial applications, particularly in the formulation of paints, coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
In these products, it helps prevent microbial contamination, extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of the product in environments where microbial growth could be a concern, such as in damp or humid conditions.
Additionally, it is used in agricultural products to protect crops and plants from fungal infections and microbial damage, especially in formulations intended to preserve harvested crops or seeds.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is also utilized in textile treatments and other materials where microbial contamination could affect the quality and longevity of the product.
Its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties make it effective in a range of different environments, from industrial applications to consumer goods, where the prevention of microbial growth is essential for both functionality and safety.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is highly valued for its versatility and effectiveness in preventing microbial contamination across a variety of sectors.
Beyond its uses in personal care products, wood, and leather treatment, it is also incorporated in plastics and polymers to enhance their durability and protect them from microbial degradation.
In these applications, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate helps to preserve the physical properties of the materials by preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae that could otherwise lead to degradation or odor formation over time.
In paints and coatings, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate plays an essential role in preventing fungal growth on the surface of painted structures, particularly those exposed to high moisture levels, such as bathrooms, kitchens, or outdoor furniture.
This ensures that the finish of the paint remains intact, free from mildew, and maintains its aesthetic quality.
Additionally, its antimicrobial properties make it suitable for use in anti-fungal paints that are specifically designed to be used in high-humidity areas like hospitals, swimming pools, and food processing plants, where sanitation is crucial.
Building materials also benefit from IPBC, where it is applied to protect drywall, insulation, and ceiling tiles from mold and mildew growth.
In these environments, the presence of moisture can easily lead to the proliferation of harmful microorganisms that can compromise the structural integrity of the materials and create health hazards.
By incorporating Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate into the formulation of these materials, manufacturers can significantly reduce the risk of microbial growth and ensure the longevity of the building's infrastructure.
In the field of agriculture, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is used to protect crops during storage, especially in environments where temperature and humidity control are less predictable.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate helps prevent fungal infections and mold growth that could damage harvested crops, especially grains, fruits, and vegetables.
By preventing these types of microbial damage, IPBC contributes to food preservation and reduces waste due to spoilage.
Furthermore, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is also employed in aquaculture to protect fish and shellfish farming environments.
As microbial contamination in water can lead to diseases among aquatic animals, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is added to water treatments and aquatic feed to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth, thus ensuring the health and productivity of farmed species.
Lastly, in pet care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and flea treatments, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate serves as an antimicrobial agent to maintain the safety and quality of the product, preventing contamination that could harm the animals.
Its use helps to ensure that these products do not harbor harmful microorganisms that could cause skin irritation or infections in pets.
Safety profile Of Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate:
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is not entirely safe for use and can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals.
This necessitates patch testing prior to full usage, especially in the case of sensitive skin.
Additionally, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is non-comedogenic and does not cause acne.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is also vegan-friendly since it is not derived from animal sources.
One of the most common risks associated with Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is its potential to cause skin irritation and sensitization.
Prolonged or frequent contact with the skin, especially for individuals with sensitive skin, may lead to redness, dryness, itching, or more severe irritation.
In some cases, prolonged exposure can cause allergic reactions such as eczema or rashes.
The chemical can act as a skin sensitizer, meaning repeated exposure can trigger a more severe reaction upon subsequent contact.
This is particularly relevant in cosmetics and personal care products that contain Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate at higher concentrations.
If Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate comes into direct contact with the eyes, it may cause irritation.
Symptoms can include redness, stinging, tearing, or general discomfort.
It is important to avoid applying products containing this ingredient near the eyes, and in case of contact, the eyes should be rinsed thoroughly with water.
In rare cases, prolonged or repeated exposure could lead to more severe damage to the eye tissue.
Although Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is generally safe at the concentrations used in personal care products and household goods, it can be toxic when ingested or when absorbed into the body in large amounts.
Swallowing or inhaling large quantities of Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate may lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or headaches.
If this occurs, medical attention should be sought immediately.
This risk is more relevant in industrial settings where workers may come into contact with the substance in concentrated forms.
