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IPBC (IODOPROPYL BUTYL CARBAMATE)

IPBC (IODOPROPYL BUTYL CARBAMATE)

CAS NO: 55406-53-6

SYNONYM : 3-Iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate; ipbc; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate; Iodocarb

IPBC (IODOPROPYL BUTYL CARBAMATE)

CAS NO: 55406-53-6

SYNONYM : 3-Iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate; ipbc; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate; Iodocarb; Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate; 3-IODO-2-PROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE; BUTYL-3-IODO-2-PROPYNYL ESTER CARBAMIC ACID; BUTYL-3-IODO-2-PROPYNYLCARBAMATE, BUTYLCARBAMIC ACID; 3-IODO-2-PROPYNYL ESTER, CARBAMIC ACID; BUTYL 3IODO2PROPYNYL ESTER, CARBAMIC ACID; BUTYL-3-IODO-2-PROPYNYL ESTER; IDOPROPYNL BUTYLCARBAMATE; IODOPROPYL BUTYLCARBAMATE; IODOPROPYNL BUTYLCARBAMATE; IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE; IPBC; IBP; IPBC; woodlife; PERMATOX; Glycacil; IODOCARB; asc 67000; Kitazine P; Glycacil-L; Glycacil-S; Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate; 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate; Iodocarb; Ipbc; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate; Woodlife; 1-Iodoprop-1-yn-3-yl N-n-butylcarbamate; Carbamic acid, butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester; Troysan KK-108A; Troysan polyphase anti-mildew; 3-iodoprop-2-ynyl N-butylcarbamate; Butyl-3-iodo-2-propynylcarbamate; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl-N-butylcarbamate; EINECS 259-627-5; 3-iodoprop-2-ynyl butylcarbamate; Carbamic acid, N-butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl ester; Carbamic acid, butyl-3-iodo-2-propynyl ester; CAS-55406-53-6; iodocarbe; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate; 3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl N-butylcarbamate; 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl N-butylcarbamate; Iodocarb 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, 97%; 3-IODO-2-PROPYNYL BUTYL CARBBAMATE; N-Butylcarbamic Acid 3-Iodo-2-propynyl Ester; 3-Iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate 55406-53-6; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, analytical standard

Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a water-soluble preservative used globally in the paints & coatings, wood preservatives, personal care, and cosmetics industries. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a member of the carbamate family of biocides. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) was invented in the 1970s and has a long history of effective use as an antifungal technology.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) was initially developed for use in the paint & coatings industry as a dry-film preservative to protect interior and exterior coatings from mold, mildew, and fungal growth, while also offering cost performance and sustainability benefits. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) exhibits efficacy against a broad spectrum of fungal species, typically at very low use levels. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) today is incorporated into a wide variety of interior and exterior paint formulations around the world.
Use is restricted in some countries due to its toxicity, especially acute inhalation toxicity. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is also becoming recognized as a contact allergen.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is an effective fungicide at very low concentrations in cosmetic and other products, and has shown very low sensitivity in humans tested with this preservative. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) was approved in 1996 for use up to 0.1% concentrations in topical products and cosmetics. However, this preservative is mostly found in cosmetics at about one-eighth that level [Maier et al., 2009]. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) Toxicity and Safety Tests show it to be generally safe: When used properly in leave-on skin products, Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is extremely safe [Steinberg, 2002]. Previous to being approved for cosmetic use in 1996, extensive safety and toxicity tests were conducted on Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) and their results were gathered along with earlier studies in a report of the Safety Assessment of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review [CIR Final Report, Lanigan 1998]. This final report found Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) to be a non-carcinogen with no genotoxicity and in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies using rats and mice, Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) had no significant effect on fertility, reproductive performance, or on the incidence of fetal malformation [Lanigan, 1998].
The study, "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate", discusses the results of 32 studies between 1990 and 1994 in 3,582 subjects using skin application of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) at relevant concentrations. [3] All 32 studies showed no evidence of contact sensitization compared to placebo controls, with the report stating "With each test formulation, a few panelists had erythema, edema, and/or a papular response, but overall, the results were negative." In addition, the study mentions two skin sensitivity studies on 183 children ages 3 – 12 yrs which showed no adverse effects as well as no significant irritation from Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC).
Since the early safety report, there have been a few reports of human skin sensitivity to Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) in individual patients – all of which showed complete recovery after discontinuance of use of any product containing the Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) which was presumably an allergen for these patients [Toholka & Nixon, 2014; Pazzaglia & Tosti, 1999].
Post-1996 tests of human sensitivity to Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) have all shown quite low sensitivity, having overall reported human skin testing (patch test) on 53,774 subjects with only 491 of those subjects showing any reaction (0.8%) to Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC). In every study, positive patch test reactions occurred in less than 1% of subjects tested in all but one study. This is a very low reaction rate, but it is not zero, and the industry reports this low rate of reaction even though in the largest study of 25,435 subjects over 69% of the reactions were either weak or doubtful [Warshaw et al., 2013a].
These combined studies showing prevalence of reaction below 1% means that Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) at this time does not have the reaction rates necessary to be included as an allergen in standard allergy series. But, it remains under close monitoring as it is a relatively new preservative for cosmetic products and will presumably increase in usage [Sasseville, 2004].
Most human patch tests performed before 2004 were with 0.1% Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) solutions, i.e. 10 times the concentration used in many cosmetic products. Some used 0.5% Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC). In 2004, it was suggested that a better concentration for tests of this substance would be 0.2% [Brasch et al., 2004] and this has contributed to the diagnosis of more sensitizations to this substance [Martin-Gorgojo & Johansen, 2013]. One study showed significantly increased sensitivity between 2005 and 2010 using 0.5% Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) in patch tests [Warshaw et al., 2013b].

IPBC(Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate) Typical Properties
Items     Specifications
Appearance    White crystalline powder with a slight odor
Solid content (%)    99min
Moisture %    0.1max

IPBC (Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate) Usage
1. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is an effective bactericidal preservative, mainly used in cosmetics, household chemicals, paint, leather, plastic, wood, metal cutting fluid, wood color control, textiles, paper industry, ink, adhesives, etc.
2. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is non-irritating at a concentration of ≤ 0.1% and is a new anti-dandruff anti-itching agent.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, also known as IPBC, is a white or slightly off-white crystalline powder that contains iodine. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is used in a wide variety of cosmetics and personal-care products. Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate prevents or retards bacterial growth, thereby protecting cosmetics and personal-care products from spoilage.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a water-based preservative agent that comes from the carbamate chemical family. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) has been used for years as a preservative in water-based paints, metal-working fluids and as a wood preservative. More recently Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) has been used as a preservative in cosmetics products, where Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is found to be effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
Although Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) has claimed to be safe when used at concentrations less than 0.1%, Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)s widespread use in cosmetic products has led to an increased number of cases of Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC)-induced contact allergy. In addition, there are concerns that Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is acutely toxic by inhalation and therefore should not be used in aerosolized or inhaled products.
Countries around the world have in place regulatory standards that define the concentrations, limitations and requirements for the use of preservatives in cosmetic products. For example, in New Zealand the cosmetic standards state that Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is not to be used in oral hygiene and lip care products; not to be used in preparations for children under 3 years, except below certain levels in bath products/shower gels and shampoos; and not to be used in body lotion and body cream (concerns because application is on a large part of the body).
Typical allergic contact dermatitis may occur. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) may take several days after exposure to the allergen for symptoms to appear. Typical symptoms include redness, swelling, itching, and fluid-filled blisters. Patients commonly present with a scattered generalized dermatitis or dermatitis affecting hands and arms.
Another concern of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is that Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) may have adverse effects on the immune system. It is also suspected to be an environmental toxin. Further research into these areas is necessary.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is an internationally recognized chemical that has been used for years because of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)s wide field of application. Initially used as a water-based paint and wood preservative and then in metalworking fluids, Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)s role has expanded into the more recent uses in cosmetic products. The need for a potent, broad-spectrum, and safe preservative system in cosmetics allowed for the discovery of several combinations of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) effective against a wide variety of organisms. Although Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) has claimed to be safe when used at concentrations less than 0.1%, the introduction of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) into cosmetics has led to several reports labeling Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) as a potential new contact allergen. As the use of this seemingly safe preservative becomes vast, an increased number of cases of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)-induced contact allergy is likely.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is used as a preservative in cosmetic formulations; Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is acutely toxic by inhalation and should not be used in products that can be aerosolized or inhaled.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a preservative that has been used as an industrial fungicide since the 1970s and more recently has been combined with formaldehydereleasing agents for use in cosmetics. The North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch tested with 0.1%Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) in petrolatum and found 0.2% of their patch test clinic patients had positive reactions to this chemical. Most cosmetic applications appear to require less than 0.012% of this preservative.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) uses antibacterial agent. Fungicide; mildewcide; preservative in cosmetics, paints and coatings, metal working fluids; wood protection. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a preservative with broad fungicidal activity used in skin care products. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is recommended for use in difficult formulation systems.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) was administered orally in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose to groups of male and female Crl:CD/BR rats in the following manner: Groups of 5 male and 5 female rats (groups A and B) received either a single oral high dose of radiolabelled Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) (125 mg/kg) or a repeated low oral dose of non-radiolabelled Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) followed by a single radiolabelled dose (20 mg/kg). Separate groups of rats (9/sex/group, groups C and D) received single oral doses (20 and 125 mg/kg) of radiolabelled Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC), and 3 rats/sex were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 120 hours post-dose for determination of tissue distribution of radioactivity. Urine, feces and expired air were collected at 24 hr intervals for groups A and B, while urine and feces were collected from groups C and D. Absorption of test chemical at the low and high dose was between 80-90% for all dose groups, as suggested by excretion data showing the majority of a dose eliminated through urine or exhaled air. Excretion of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)-derived radioactivity was mainly via the urine, with between 50-70% of an administered dose excreted by this route at 168 hours post-dose. Feces was a minor route of excretion in all dose groups (4-7% of the administered dose), while radiolabelled CO2 constituted between 18-24% of the administered dose. Repeated low oral dosing or a single high oral dose appeared to result in a decrease in the percentage of radioactivity excreted as 14-CO2 compared to a single low dose.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) undergoes reductive dehalogenation followed by dealkylation to form the URM-9 and URM-10 metabolites. In addition, de-carboxylation following reductive dehalogenation yields carbon dioxide. Various other metabolites formed from dehalogenation are glucuronidated and constitute minor metabolites of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC).
Uses of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) 
Adhesive Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)  General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
Adhesive, water_based, consumer_use    Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) Term applied when the only information the source indicates is 'consumer' or 'consumer product' ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are for consumer use, yet the descriptor term is ambivalent about usage (e.g., cleaning_washing products may be for industrial or consumer use, when the source indicates consumer use, the consumer_use term is also applied) - see appendix for full list of unambiguous consumer related terms plus ambiguous consumer related terms which if indicated are labeled with 'consumer_use'
Antimicrobial    Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) Type of pesticide used to destroy or inhibit the growth of disease-causing mechanisms, can be impregnated into clothing
Apparel_care    Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) Products used to care for apparel (e.g., she polish, products to repair footwear or leather, wterproofing sprays, etc.)
Building_construction    Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
Cleaning_washing    Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; modifiers included when specific information is known, such as drycleaning, laundry, soap, window/floor, etc 
Cleaning_washing, textile    Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) Textiles used for clothing or furniture upholstery, processes related to textiles (e.g. softeners, antiwrinkle agents), or the processing/manufacturing of textiles 
Colorant    Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing; modifiers included when application is known 
Construction    General construction (as opposed to those things labeled building_construction); i.e. when source only indicates 'construction,' construction of roads, or engineering 
Detergent, fragrance    Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) Fragrances or odor agents, can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products; usage indicated when known; more specific modifiers included when known 
Drug    Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet if indicated by source
Food_additive, preservatives    Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) Includes preservatives used in cosmetics, film, wood preserving agents, foods, etc (note food preservatives are also indicated as food_additive)
Impregnation    Impregnation materials and impregnation agents for various prodcts (wood, oils, grease, paper)
Manufacturing    Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)  If applied entry is related to the manufacturing process for the product, widely applied, modifiers often included (if not included, no additional information is known)
Manufacturing, chemical Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)    General term used only when the only information known from the source is 'chemical,' typically related to manufacturing of chemicals, or laboratory chemicals 
Paper    Related to the manufcturing of pulp or paper products, or paper products in general
Personal care: hair styling Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)    Hair styling products for hold, shine, or texture
Personal_care    Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
Personal_care, cosmetics, hand, cream Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)    Personal care products, including scouring cream, hand creams, shaving cream, and tanning cream
Pesticide    Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)
Pesticide, biocide, non_agricultural    Pesticide for non agricultural use Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) 
Pet    General term for pet related products, pet food, cleaning of pets, etc
Photographic    Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)
Surface_treatment    Surface treatments for metals, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors, polishing agents, rust inhibitors, water repellants, etc (surfaces to be applied to often not indicated in source description) 
Toys, child_use, detected    Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an 'ingredient list' for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies) 
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a fungicide and antimicrobial used in both industrial processes and residential settings. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is used in the following industrial products and processes: paint/adhesive/emulsion manufacturing, metal cutting fluids, oil recovery drilling mud/packer fluids, plastics manufacturing, textile manufacturing, ink manufacturing, paper coating, canvas manufacturing, and milled wood products manufacturing. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is also a wood preservative used to combat fungal wood rot/decay. For residential use, Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) can be applied with a paint brush, paint roller, and airless sprayer. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is also applied to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts to control mold and fungi.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is an antimicrobial pesticide for non-food uses.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)'s production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a fungicide in paint, adhesives, emulsion, paper coatings, metal cutting fluids, oil recovery drilling fluids, plastics, textiles, inks, canvas, air conditioner and furnace filters, and wood products will result in Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)s direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5.25X10-5 mm Hg at 30 °C indicates Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.5 hours. Particulate-phase Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is expected to have high to moderate mobility based upon Koc values ranging from 62-310. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is expected to biodegrade quickly in soil based on a half-life of 2.13 hours. If released into water, Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. This substance is expected to biodegrade quickly in water based on a biodegradation half-life 1.5 hours in a static, anaerobic sediment water system. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. This substance is expected to undergo hydrolysis based on measured half-lives of 139 days at pH 7 and 0.98 days at pH 9. The half-life of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) was 13.3 hours in an aerobic, sterile, static sediment-water system. An estimated BCF of 36 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Occupational exposure to Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to this substance through the use of consumer products containing Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC). (SRC)
Well here we are talking about the potential problems with synthetic preservatives again! Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a water-based preservative which—get this—was used originally in the wood and paint industries. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)'s now also used in some cosmetics and personal care products. However, even the cosmetic industry admits that this ingredient is toxic, and restrictions have been placed on its use.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a preservative that helps prevent mold, bacteria, and other germs from spreading in creams, lotions, and other products. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) was used for years in paints, primers, and coolants, and only more recently in cosmetic products, as it is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms. You're likely to find it in foundations, concealers, bronzers, self-tanners, eye shadows, mascaras, makeup removers, shampoos, conditioners, shaving creams, diaper creams, anti-itch and rash creams, bath soaks, body washes, hair dyes, lip balms, and moisturizers.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a highly effective fungicide and bactericide. Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is used as a preservative for wood and paints as well as in cosmetic formulations and various consumer products. Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is an internationally recognized chemical that has been used for years because of its wide field of application. Initially used as a water-based paint and wood preservative and then in metalworking fluids, its role has expanded into the more recent uses in cosmetic products. The need for a potent, broad-spectrum, and safe preservative system in cosmetics allowed for the discovery of several combinations of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) effective against a wide variety of organisms. Although Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) has claimed to be safe when used at concentrations less than 0.1%, the introduction of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) into cosmetics has led to several reports labeling Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) as a potential new contact allergen. As the use of this seemingly safe preservative becomes vast, an increased number of cases of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)-induced contact allergy is likely.
The present invention relates to a method for improving enhanced physical and chemical proprieties of 3-iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC)) through its co-crystalisation with other molecules.
The invention is particularly intriguing because “at the same time, it relates both to the Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC), a highly versatile molecule with an important economic value, and to the synthesis of co-crystals, one of the most innovative topic in Solid State Chemistry of the last years. The match of these two topics has been exploited in an innovative technology, able to give new horizons to a molecule that has been in the market from a long time” (Prof. Giancarlo Terraneo, one of the inventors).
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a biocide, largely used as preservative, fungicide and inhibitor against algae proliferation in industrial formulations such as paints, coatings and wood preservative formulations. It is also used in metalworking fluids, in the preservation of polymer-based products and in the preservation of personal care products and cosmetics. However, Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) shows several drawbacks that make its use difficult in common manufacturing processes, namely a low melting point (67°C), a poor water solubility, and a high cohesiveness of powders that compromises its use in automated handling devices during manufacturing processes.
To address these drawbacks a group of researchers from the Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” of Politecnico di Milano, has developed an innovative solution, which includes the synthesis of co-crystals where the active pharmaceutical ingredient is assembled with another molecule (named co-crystal former). The result is a new molecular entity, the co-crystal which displays enhanced physical and chemical properties such as higher soluble, thermodynamically more stable and more easy to handle than the pure Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) crystalline form. Due to these properties, the co-crystals can be used alternatively to Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC), assuring better performances in the manufacturing processes and in the preparation of formulates.
In the case of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC), the co-crystals can be formed by a supramolecular approach involving the assembly of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) with selected chemical species called co-crystal formers, which are able to establish non-covalent interactions involving the iodine atom (halogen bond, XB) present in the molecular structure of Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC). The co-crystal formers used in the invention are: organic bases, in particular aliphatic amines or aromatic heterocyclic derivatives containing at least one basic nitrogen atom; halides; phosphates; and carboxylates. Other co-crystallisation agents can be an organic or inorganic halide. In any case, the different molecular compounds are in a specific stoichiometric ratio.
The  co-crystallization methods, according to the invention, comprise different solutions. The choice of the method is due to the physical state (solid or liquid) of the Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) and/or the co-crystallisation agent at the temperature at which the formation of the co-crystal is carried out.
Independently to the method used, the obtained co-crystals have different physical and chemical properties compared to the original compound, without altering the biological activity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The co-crystals are more performing than the pure Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) molecule even when used to prepare formulations such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, tablets and inhalers, or microencapsulated in polymers. The formulations, according to the invention, can be prepared by conventional methods.


 

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