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IPM Isopropyl Myristate, also known as isopropyl tetradecanoate, myristic acid isopropyl ester, propan-2-yl tetradecanoate or simply IPM, is the ester of myristic acid and isopropyl alcohol with CAS No 110-27-0 and the formula C17H34O2, a clear, colorless, low-viscosity oily liquid used mainly as an emollient, spreading agent, solvent and penetration enhancer in cosmetics, personal care products and topical pharmaceuticals.
Isopropyl myristate is one of the most widely used cosmetic esters because it spreads quickly, absorbs readily, leaves a light, non-greasy skin feel and noticeably reduces the heavy, oily feel of richer oils, butters and waxes in the same formula.
Isopropyl tetradecanoate works as a polar, non-occlusive oil: its short branched alcohol part and medium-length fatty acid chain give it low viscosity and good solvent power, so it can dissolve lipophilic actives and fragrances, carry them across the skin surface and loosen the lipid structure of the outer skin layer.
CAS No: 110-27-0
EC No: 203-751-4
Molecular formula: C17H34O2
Molecular weight: 270.45 g/mol
INCI name: Isopropyl Myristate
Appearance: Clear, colorless, oily liquid
Density: approx. 0.85 g/cm³ (25 °C)
Melting point: approx. 3 °C
Boiling point: approx. 193 °C at 27 hPa
Flash point: > 150 °C
Refractive index (20 °C): approx. 1.434–1.437
Water solubility: Insoluble
COMMON PRODUCT & CHEMICAL NAMES OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE:
IPM Isopropyl Myristate, Isopropyl Myristate, IPM, Isopropyl Tetradecanoate, Myristic Acid Isopropyl Ester, Tetradecanoic Acid Isopropyl Ester, Tetradecanoic Acid 1-Methylethyl Ester, 1-Methylethyl Tetradecanoate, Propan-2-yl Tetradecanoate, iso-Propyl n-Tetradecanoate, 1-Tridecanecarboxylic Acid Isopropyl Ester, Isopropylis Myristas, Isopropyl Myristate NF, Isopropyl Myristate Ph. Eur., Isopropyl Myristate USP, FEMA 3556, JECFA 311, Crodamol IPM, Tegosoft M, Estergel, Kessco IPM, Liponate IPM, Lexol IPM, Wickenol 101, Radia 7730, Waglinol 6014, MMEster E1140
Isopropyl myristate is the INCI and pharmacopoeial (USP-NF, Ph. Eur.) name, while isopropyl tetradecanoate, tetradecanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester and propan-2-yl tetradecanoate are systematic chemical names. Isopropylis myristas is the Latin pharmacopoeial name. IPM is the standard trade abbreviation. FEMA 3556 and JECFA 311 are the identification numbers of the substance as a flavoring agent. Crodamol IPM, Tegosoft M, Estergel, Kessco IPM, Liponate IPM, Wickenol 101, Radia 7730, Waglinol 6014 and similar names are trade names used by different manufacturers.
The myristic acid ester is often confused with isopropyl palmitate (IPP, CAS 142-91-6), its C16 analogue. The two esters behave similarly, but they are different substances with different CAS numbers and slightly different viscosity and skin feel. Isopropyl alcohol (CAS 67-63-0) and myristic acid (CAS 544-63-8) are the raw materials of IPM, not synonyms.
WHAT IS IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
Isopropyl tetradecanoate is a fatty acid ester formed by the esterification of myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid, C14) with isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol). Myristic acid is typically obtained from palm kernel or coconut oil, while isopropyl alcohol is usually of petrochemical origin. The resulting ester is a clear, almost colorless and almost odorless liquid that remains fluid at room temperature.
Industrial IPM Isopropyl Myristate is produced by acid-catalyzed esterification of myristic acid with excess isopropyl alcohol. Water formed in the reaction is removed continuously to drive the reaction to completion. The crude ester is then neutralized, washed, freed from excess alcohol and purified by vacuum distillation and refining to reach low acid value, low color and low odor.
Commercial IPM Isopropyl Myristate is not always a 100 % C14 ester. Because myristic acid is derived from natural fats, minor amounts of isopropyl esters of other fatty acids (for example C12 and C16) can be present. Pharmacopoeial monographs therefore specify a minimum ester content (typically at least 90 % isopropyl myristate by GC) together with acid value, saponification value, iodine value and refractive index.
The myristic acid ester is available in several quality grades. Cosmetic grade is used in personal care products, pharmaceutical grade meets USP-NF and/or Ph. Eur. requirements for medicines, and technical grade is used in industrial applications. Some suppliers also offer RSPO-certified material, depending on the source of the myristic acid. The grade, origin of raw materials and certification status should be clarified when IPM Isopropyl Myristate is purchased.
The physical behavior of IPM Isopropyl Myristate is the basis of its usefulness. It has a low viscosity (around 5–6 mPa·s), a melting point of about 3 °C and very good spreading on skin. Unlike mineral oil or heavy vegetable oils, it does not form an occlusive film, which explains its "dry", non-greasy feel.
In a formula, IPM Isopropyl Myristate is rarely the main oil, it is more often the ingredient that makes the other oils work better. A small addition of IPM to a cream full of shea butter, mineral oil or vegetable oils makes it spread faster, absorb more quickly and feel lighter. In anhydrous products such as body oils, lip products, makeup removers and stick formulations, IPM Isopropyl Myristate thins heavy components and gives a silky, dry finish.
IPM is also a good solvent. It dissolves lanolin, many waxes, oil-soluble UV filters, fragrance materials and lipophilic active ingredients, and it disperses pigments in color cosmetics. For this reason it is used as a carrier, solubilizer and pigment wetting agent in many personal care products.
In topical pharmaceuticals, IPM Isopropyl Myristate is valued as a vehicle and penetration enhancer. It is listed in the major pharmacopoeias and is used in creams, ointments, gels and transdermal systems to improve the delivery of active ingredients through the skin. IPM is also the main component of some physically acting head lice treatments, where it works by dissolving the waxy surface of the lice rather than by poisoning them.
For the end user, IPM Isopropyl Myristate helps create creams, lotions and oils that feel light, absorb fast and do not leave a greasy film, while delivering the skin softening that consumers expect from an emollient.
For the formulator, IPM Isopropyl Myristate is a stable, low-odor, low-color liquid that is easy to handle, can be hot or cold processed and is compatible with most cosmetic oils, esters, silicones and waxes.
Isopropyl myristate can be evaluated in skin care emulsions, body oils, sun care, color cosmetics, lip products, hair care, deodorants and antiperspirants, bath oils, makeup removers, perfumes, topical pharmaceuticals, veterinary products, head lice treatments and certain technical applications such as lubricants and inks.
CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
Product name: IPM Isopropyl Myristate
Common abbreviation: IPM
Chemical name: Isopropyl tetradecanoate (propan-2-yl tetradecanoate)
INCI name: Isopropyl Myristate
Pharmacopoeial names: Isopropyl Myristate (USP-NF, Ph. Eur.), Isopropylis myristas
Flavoring identification: FEMA 3556, JECFA No. 311
CAS No: 110-27-0
EC / EINECS No: 203-751-4
Molecular formula: C17H34O2
Molecular weight: 270.45 g/mol
Chemical class: Fatty acid ester, isopropyl ester of a saturated C14 fatty acid
Main functions: Emollient, spreading agent, solvent and solubilizer, pigment dispersant, binder for powders, skin penetration enhancer, fragrance solvent, physically acting pediculicide component
The CAS number 110-27-0 identifies isopropyl myristate as a substance, but it does not describe the commercial quality. Ester content, acid value, peroxide value, color, odor and the share of other fatty acid esters can differ between suppliers and grades. These parameters matter especially in sensitive formulations such as eye-area products, pharmaceuticals and fragrance-free products.
IPM is registered under the EU REACH regulation, is listed in the EU CosIng database as a cosmetic ingredient, and has pharmacopoeial monographs in the USP-NF and Ph. Eur. It has been evaluated as a flavoring agent by JECFA, which found no safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavoring agent. Regulatory acceptance in one field, however, does not automatically mean that every grade is suitable for every use.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
The molecule of IPM Isopropyl Myristate consists of a straight saturated hydrocarbon chain of 13 carbon atoms attached to an ester group, which in turn is bonded to a branched isopropyl group. Its structure can be written as CH3(CH2)12–COO–CH(CH3)2.
This structure explains most of the properties of IPM. The long saturated chain makes the molecule lipophilic and stable against oxidation, because it contains no double bonds. The ester group adds a small polar center, making IPM more polar than mineral oil and many vegetable oils. The branched isopropyl group disturbs close packing of the molecules, which keeps the melting point low and the viscosity low.
Because IPM Isopropyl Myristate is fully saturated, it does not easily turn rancid. Its iodine value is very low (typically at most 1), which shows the absence of unsaturated bonds. This gives IPM good color and odor stability over shelf life compared to unsaturated vegetable oils.
The ester bond is the only reactive part of the molecule. Under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions and especially at higher temperatures, IPM Isopropyl Myristate can be hydrolyzed back to myristic acid and isopropyl alcohol. The released acid can lower the pH of a formula and slightly change odor. In normal cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations near neutral pH, hydrolysis is slow, but extreme pH values should be avoided.
The medium polarity of IPM Isopropyl Myristate allows it to mix with a wide range of cosmetic oils, esters, fatty alcohols and silicones, and to dissolve many lipophilic substances. It is not miscible with water, glycerin or propylene glycol, so in emulsions it is always part of the oil phase.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Physical appearance: Clear, colorless to almost colorless, oily liquid
Odor: Almost odorless
Chemical character: Saturated fatty acid ester, non-ionic, lipophilic
Molecular formula: C17H34O2
Molecular weight: 270.45 g/mol
CAS No: 110-27-0
EC / EINECS No: 203-751-4
Assay (GC): Typically min. 90 % isopropyl myristate (pharmacopoeial grades), higher purity grades are also available
Density: Approx. 0.85 g/cm³ at 20–25 °C
Viscosity: Approx. 5–6 mPa·s
Refractive index (n20/D): Approx. 1.434–1.437
Melting point: Approx. 3 °C
Boiling point: Approx. 193 °C at 27 hPa (reduced pressure)
Flash point: > 150 °C
Acid value: Typically max. 1.0 mg KOH/g
Saponification value: Typically 202–212 mg KOH/g
Iodine value: Typically max. 1.0
Water content: Typically max. 0.1 %
Water solubility: Practically insoluble
Solubility in other media: Miscible with most oils, esters, alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol, and many silicones, soluble in castor oil
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions, ester can hydrolyze under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions, avoid strong oxidizing agents
Isopropyl myristate can become cloudy or partly solidify in cold storage because its melting point is close to 3 °C. This change is reversible: when the product is brought back to room temperature and mixed, it becomes clear again.
The acid value is a useful indicator of storage quality. A rising acid value shows hydrolysis or contamination, while peroxide value and color give information on oxidation and contamination. Because IPM is used in leave-on skin products, odor and color are also important release parameters.
The values listed above are typical and are based on pharmacopoeial-type specifications and supplier safety data, they are not a binding specification for a particular delivery. For the current specification and batch data of IPM Isopropyl Myristate, please contact Ataman Kimya.
HOW DOES IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE WORK ON THE SKIN?
Isopropyl tetradecanoate does not act through a chemical reaction. Its effects come from how this small, mobile ester interacts with skin lipids, other oils and dissolved ingredients.
SPREADING AND SKIN FEEL
IPM has a low viscosity and low surface tension, so it spreads rapidly over the skin and forms a thin film. Mixed with heavier oils, it lowers the viscosity of the whole oil phase and helps it spread further with less effort. The result is a lighter, faster-absorbing product with less residual greasiness.
EMOLLIENCE WITHOUT OCCLUSION
IPM softens and smooths the skin surface by filling small gaps between dry skin flakes. Unlike petrolatum or mineral oil, it does not form an occlusive barrier, so its effect on transepidermal water loss is limited. In moisturizers, IPM is therefore usually combined with occlusive and humectant ingredients.
PENETRATION ENHANCEMENT
In the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, lipids are arranged in ordered layers. IPM can partition into these lipid layers and increase their fluidity. This makes it easier for dissolved active ingredients to diffuse through the skin. In addition, IPM is a good solvent for many lipophilic drugs, which increases their concentration in the formulation's oil phase and in the skin surface layer. These combined effects explain why IPM is used as a penetration enhancer in topical and transdermal pharmaceuticals.
SOLVENT AND CARRIER ACTION
IPM dissolves lanolin, waxes, many UV filters, vitamins such as tocopherol and fragrance oils, and it wets pigment surfaces. It carries these ingredients evenly over the skin and helps keep them in solution.
PHYSICAL ACTION ON HEAD LICE
In head lice treatments, IPM Isopropyl Myristate dissolves the waxy protective layer on the exoskeleton of lice. This leads to dehydration and immobilization of the insects. Because the action is physical rather than neurotoxic, the development of resistance is considered unlikely, however, such products are generally not ovicidal and are used according to the instructions approved for the finished product.
THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE CAN BE SUMMARIZED AS:
Emollient and skin softener
Fast-spreading agent
Reducer of greasiness and tackiness of heavy oils and butters
Solvent for lipophilic actives, UV filters, lanolin and fragrances
Pigment wetting and dispersing agent in color cosmetics
Binder for pressed powders
Penetration enhancer in topical and transdermal pharmaceuticals
Carrier oil in anhydrous products
Physically acting component of head lice treatments
Lubricant in cosmetic and technical applications
IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE IN COSMETIC AND PERSONAL CARE FORMULATIONS
Personal care is the largest application area of IPM Isopropyl Myristate. The ester is added to the oil phase of emulsions or used as the base of anhydrous products, and it can be processed hot or cold.
TYPICAL COSMETIC ROLES OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE:
In creams and lotions, it lightens the skin feel of rich formulations and speeds up absorption
In body oils and massage oils, it reduces stickiness and gives a dry finish
In sun care, it helps dissolve oil-soluble UV filters and improves spreading
In makeup and color cosmetics, it wets and disperses pigments and binds powders
In lipsticks and lip balms, it adjusts hardness and glide
In makeup removers and cleansing oils, it dissolves waterproof makeup and sebum
In deodorants and antiperspirants, it improves skin feel and reduces whitening in some formats
In hair care, it adds shine and softness without heaviness
In perfumes and fragrance products, it acts as a solvent and carrier for fragrance oils
In bath oils, it spreads on the water surface and on the skin
Use levels of IPM Isopropyl Myristate vary widely, from a few percent in emulsions to much higher levels in anhydrous oils and makeup removers. The actual level depends on the desired skin feel, the other oils in the formula and the type of product.
The myristic acid ester is often reported to be comedogenic in older rabbit-ear tests. The relevance of these tests for real-life use in finished products is debated, but for products intended for acne-prone or oily skin, formulators often reduce the IPM level or choose an alternative ester and confirm suitability through in-use testing.
IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL AND VETERINARY PRODUCTS
Pharmaceutical-grade IPM Isopropyl Myristate is described in the USP-NF and Ph. Eur. and is a widely used excipient in topical dosage forms.
IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS, IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE CAN BE USED AS:
Oily vehicle in creams, ointments and lotions
Solvent for lipophilic active ingredients
Penetration enhancer in topical gels and transdermal patches
Emollient component that improves the skin feel of medicated creams
Non-aqueous phase in some two-phase oral care products
Active component in physically acting head lice treatments
In veterinary products, IPM Isopropyl Myristate is used in a similar way, for example as a solvent and spreading agent in spot-on and topical preparations for animals.
For pharmaceutical and veterinary use, only grades that meet the required pharmacopoeial monograph and are supported by the appropriate quality documentation should be used. The finished product must be developed and approved according to the medicinal product regulations of the target market.
IN WHICH SECTORS IS IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE USED?
IPM Isopropyl Myristate is used mainly in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, but it also has applications in other sectors.
MAIN AREAS OF USE:
Skin care creams, lotions and serums
Body oils, massage oils and bath oils
Sun care products
Color cosmetics, foundations, pressed powders and lipsticks
Makeup removers and cleansing oils
Deodorants and antiperspirants
Hair care products
Perfumes and fragrance products
Topical and transdermal pharmaceuticals
Veterinary topical products
Head lice and flea treatments
Oral care products (two-phase formulations)
Flavor applications
Lubricants, inks and other technical applications
In each of these sectors, the reason for using IPM Isopropyl Myristate is slightly different. Skin care producers use it mainly for skin feel and spreading, color cosmetics producers value pigment wetting and binding, pharmaceutical companies use it as a vehicle and penetration enhancer, and fragrance producers use it as a low-odor solvent.
IS IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE USED IN COSMETIC, FOOD, AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?
Yes. IPM Isopropyl Myristate is used in all three fields, but in each case the grade and documentation must match the intended use.
Cosmetics: IPM Isopropyl Myristate is listed in the EU CosIng database under the INCI name Isopropyl Myristate, with functions such as emollient, binding agent and perfuming. It has also been reviewed by the US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) panel, which concluded that it is safe as used in cosmetic products. Cosmetic grade with suitable purity, odor and color should be used, and the safety of the final product must be assessed according to the cosmetic legislation of the target market.
Food: IPM Isopropyl Myristate is used as a flavoring agent. It is listed by FEMA under number 3556 and was evaluated by JECFA (No. 311), which found no safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavoring agent. It does not have an E number as a food additive. Use in food or flavor preparations requires food-grade material and must follow the flavoring legislation of the target market.
Pharmaceuticals: IPM Isopropyl Myristate has monographs in the USP-NF and Ph. Eur. and is used as an excipient in topical and transdermal products. Only pharmaceutical grades with the corresponding documentation should be used.
Technical-grade IPM Isopropyl Myristate is not intended for cosmetic, food or pharmaceutical use.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
Outside personal care and pharmaceuticals, IPM Isopropyl Myristate is used where a stable, low-viscosity, low-odor ester is needed.
LUBRICANTS AND METAL WORKING
Purpose: To provide lubricity and good spreading on surfaces.
Role of IPM Isopropyl Myristate: Lightweight ester lubricant and solvent.
Limitations: Lower viscosity and flash point than heavier lubricant esters, suitability for high-temperature applications must be tested.
PRINTING INKS AND COATINGS
Purpose: To dissolve or disperse resins, dyes and pigments.
Role of IPM Isopropyl Myristate: Low-odor solvent and wetting agent.
Limitations: May act as a plasticizer and affect film hardness.
HOUSEHOLD AND PET CARE
Purpose: To support spreading and physical action in insect control products.
Role of IPM Isopropyl Myristate: Spreading agent and physically acting component.
Limitations: The finished product must comply with biocide or veterinary regulations, depending on the claim and market.
OTHER USES
IPM Isopropyl Myristate is also used as a solvent in perfume materials, in some textile auxiliaries and as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
WHICH PROBLEMS CAN IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE HELP SOLVE?
GREASY, HEAVY SKIN FEEL
Formulas rich in butters, waxes or mineral oil often feel heavy and greasy. Adding IPM Isopropyl Myristate thins the oil phase and gives a lighter, drier finish.
POOR SPREADING AND SLOW ABSORPTION
Products that drag on the skin or stay on the surface for a long time are less pleasant to use. The fast spreading of IPM improves application and shortens absorption time.
DIFFICULT-TO-DISSOLVE LIPOPHILIC INGREDIENTS
Crystalline UV filters, lanolin, some vitamins and lipophilic actives can crystallize or separate in the oil phase. IPM Isopropyl Myristate improves their solubility and helps keep them evenly dispersed.
LOW SKIN DELIVERY OF TOPICAL ACTIVES
In medicated creams and gels, the active ingredient must pass the stratum corneum. IPM can enhance penetration, although its effect depends strongly on the active ingredient and the full formulation.
POOR PIGMENT DISPERSION IN COLOR COSMETICS
Pigments that are not properly wetted can cause streaks and uneven color. IPM helps wet and disperse pigments and binds powders in pressed products.
RANCIDITY OF OIL PHASES
Unsaturated vegetable oils can oxidize and develop off-odors. Replacing part of them with saturated IPM Isopropyl Myristate improves oxidative stability.
IPM Isopropyl Myristate does not solve all of these problems on its own, the effect must be confirmed in the complete formulation through stability and in-use tests.
THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN USING IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
The most frequent mistake is to treat IPM Isopropyl Myristate simply as a cheap filler oil. In fact, even small changes in IPM level can noticeably change the texture, absorption, stability and skin delivery of a product.
POINTS TO CONSIDER:
Choose the grade (cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food or technical) that matches the intended use.
Add IPM to the oil phase, it can be processed hot or cold.
Check compatibility with packaging: IPM can soften or swell some plastics and rubbers, such as certain grades of polystyrene and natural rubber.
Remember that IPM can increase skin penetration of other ingredients, including preservatives and fragrance components, this should be considered in the safety assessment.
Evaluate comedogenic potential for products intended for acne-prone skin.
Check the effect of IPM on the viscosity and stability of emulsions, at high levels it can thin the oil phase and reduce viscosity.
Avoid strongly acidic or alkaline conditions that may hydrolyze the ester.
Store away from strong oxidizing agents.
Consider that cloudiness in cold storage is reversible.
Use certified material (for example RSPO) if required by brand policy.
IPM is not classified as hazardous under GHS according to supplier safety data sheets. Nevertheless, prolonged or repeated contact can cause mild skin or eye irritation in sensitive individuals, and spills make floors slippery. Normal industrial hygiene, gloves and eye protection are recommended during handling.
INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
The examples below show how IPM Isopropyl Myristate can be evaluated in product development. They are starting points for laboratory trials, not finished commercial formulas. Ingredient quality, emulsifier systems and processing conditions can change the result, so stability, compatibility, microbiological and safety assessments must be carried out for each product.
EXAMPLE 1: LIGHTENING A SHEA BUTTER BODY LOTION WITH IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
Objective: To evaluate how replacing part of the heavy oil phase with IPM Isopropyl Myristate changes spreading, absorption time and greasiness of an O/W body lotion.
INITIAL COMPONENTS:
Shea butter: approx. 4 %, kept constant
Sunflower oil: approx. 8 %, reduced as IPM is added
IPM Isopropyl Myristate: approx. 0, 2, 4 and 6 %
Emulsifier system (e.g. glyceryl stearate / cetearyl alcohol type): approx. 4–5 %, kept constant
Glycerin: approx. 3 %
Thickener (e.g. xanthan gum): approx. 0.2 %
Preservative: according to supplier recommendation
Water: to 100 %
APPLICATION APPROACH:
The oil phase including IPM Isopropyl Myristate and the water phase are heated separately to approx. 70–75 °C.
The oil phase is added to the water phase under homogenization.
The emulsion is cooled under stirring, heat-sensitive ingredients and preservative are added below approx. 40 °C.
Viscosity, pH and appearance are measured.
Spreading, absorption time and greasiness are evaluated by a small sensory panel.
Samples are stored at different temperatures to check stability.
The IPM level giving the best balance between skin feel and stability is selected.
ILLUSTRATIVE PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION — 4 % IPM TRIAL (W/W):
Shea butter: 4.0 %
Sunflower oil: 4.0 %
Isopropyl myristate: 4.0 %
Emulsifier system: 4.5 %
Glycerin: 3.0 %
Xanthan gum: 0.2 %
Preservative: 0.8 %
Water: 79.5 %
Total: 100.0 %
This is an illustrative laboratory starting mixture, not a validated commercial formula. The preservative percentage is a placeholder subject to supplier limits and efficacy testing. Confirm the emulsifier system, any pH-adjusting ingredient replaces an equal amount of water. For the 0, 2 and 6 % IPM trials, use 8, 6 and 2 % sunflower oil respectively, keeping the other percentages constant.
EXAMPLE 2: ANHYDROUS CLEANSING OIL AND MAKEUP REMOVER WITH IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
Objective: To investigate the effect of the IPM Isopropyl Myristate level on makeup removal efficiency, rinse-off and skin feel of a cleansing oil.
INITIAL APPROACH:
IPM Isopropyl Myristate: approx. 20, 35 and 50 %
Light vegetable oil or caprylic/capric triglyceride: balance of the oil phase
Oil-soluble emulsifier for rinse-off (e.g. polyglyceryl ester type): approx. 5–10 %, kept constant
Antioxidant (e.g. tocopherol): approx. 0.1–0.5 %
Fragrance: optional
APPLICATION APPROACH:
All ingredients are mixed at room temperature until clear.
Clarity is checked at room temperature and after storage in the cold.
Removal of standardized waterproof makeup is evaluated on skin or on test substrates.
Rinse-off behavior with water and residual feel on the skin are compared.
The formulation is evaluated for eye-area tolerance according to the intended claims.
Compatibility with the bottle and pump material is tested, since high IPM levels can affect some plastics.
ILLUSTRATIVE PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION — 35 % IPM TRIAL (W/W):
Isopropyl myristate: 35.0 %
Caprylic/capric triglyceride: 57.3 %
Oil-soluble rinse-off emulsifier: 7.5 %
Tocopherol: 0.2 %
Total: 100.0 %
This fragrance-free mixture is an illustrative laboratory starting point, not a validated commercial formula. Confirm the selected emulsifier's solubility and performance. For the 20 and 50 % IPM trials, use 72.3 and 42.3 % caprylic/capric triglyceride respectively, keeping the other percentages constant.
EXAMPLE 3: SCREENING IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE AS A PENETRATION ENHANCER IN A TOPICAL GEL
Objective: To compare the effect of different IPM Isopropyl Myristate levels on the in vitro skin permeation of a lipophilic model active ingredient.
INITIAL APPROACH:
Model active ingredient: constant concentration
IPM Isopropyl Myristate (pharmaceutical grade): approx. 0, 2, 5 and 10 %
Ethanol or isopropanol: constant level as co-solvent
Gelling agent: suitable for the solvent system, kept constant
Other excipients: kept constant
APPLICATION APPROACH:
Gels are prepared with the same procedure and checked for clarity, viscosity and content of the active ingredient.
In vitro permeation is measured using Franz diffusion cells with a suitable membrane or skin model.
Flux and cumulative permeation are compared for the different IPM levels.
Physical and chemical stability of the gels is monitored.
Skin tolerance and the regulatory status of the excipient levels are assessed before further development.
ILLUSTRATIVE PERCENTAGE BALANCE — 5 % IPM TRIAL (W/W):
Model active ingredient: A %
Pharmaceutical-grade isopropyl myristate: 5 %
Ethanol or isopropanol: E %
Gelling agent: G %
Other excipients: X %
Vehicle: (95 − A − E − G − X) %
Total: 100 %
A, E, G and X are the fixed percentages selected for the model active, co-solvent, gelling agent and other excipients, their sum must not exceed 95 %. The source does not specify these levels, so they are retained as variables rather than inventing a drug formula. For the other IPM trials, the vehicle is (100 − IPM percentage − A − E − G − X) %. This is an illustrative balance for in vitro laboratory screening, not a validated commercial or patient-use formula. Confirm solubility, gel compatibility and all selected levels experimentally.
IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE SIMILAR PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
Alternatives to IPM Isopropyl Myristate are usually chosen for skin feel, comedogenicity concerns, natural-origin claims, solvent power or cost.
IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE AND ISOPROPYL PALMITATE (IPP)
Isopropyl palmitate is the C16 analogue of IPM. It is slightly more viscous and feels a little richer on the skin, while IPM is lighter and spreads faster. The two are often interchangeable at similar levels, but texture and penetration effects differ slightly.
IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE AND CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE
Caprylic/capric triglyceride is a light, stable oil that is often preferred in "natural" and sensitive-skin formulations. It feels somewhat less dry than IPM and is less associated with comedogenicity, but has lower penetration-enhancing power.
IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE AND OTHER LIGHT ESTERS
Esters such as ethylhexyl palmitate, coco-caprylate/caprate, isononyl isononanoate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate and dicaprylyl carbonate offer similar light textures with different spreading profiles. C12-15 alkyl benzoate is especially valued as a solvent for UV filters.
IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE AND VOLATILE SILICONES OR HYDROCARBONS
Cyclopentasiloxane replacements, isododecane and light alkanes give a very dry, fast-evaporating feel. They evaporate rather than remain on the skin, so they are not equivalent emollients.
IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE AND PENETRATION ENHANCERS IN PHARMACEUTICALS
Oleic acid, propylene glycol, ethanol, isopropyl palmitate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and terpenes are also used as penetration enhancers. The choice depends on the active ingredient, the dosage form and the skin tolerance.
The final choice of alternative should be confirmed by sensory, stability and, where relevant, permeation and safety testing.
HOW DOES IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?
IPM Isopropyl Myristate is the ester formed from myristic acid, a saturated fourteen-carbon fatty acid, and isopropanol. The molecule combines a straight hydrocarbon chain with a small, branched isopropyl group on the ester end. It has no free hydroxyl or acid groups, no double bonds and a relatively low molecular weight for a cosmetic oil. These features make it a thin, non-greasy, oxidation-stable liquid that interacts readily with other lipids, which explains its roles as an emollient, solvent and penetration enhancer.
Low viscosity and fast spreading: The myristate chain is long enough to give an oily character, but the molecule is still small and its branched isopropyl end prevents close packing. Intermolecular attractions are therefore weak, so the ester remains a low-viscosity liquid that does not crystallise at room temperature. On skin or hair, it spreads quickly into a thin film and is absorbed into the upper layers, leaving a light, dry rather than greasy feel.
Emollient action: When applied to skin, isopropyl myristate fills the small gaps between the flattened cells of the outermost skin layer and smooths the surface. The thin lipid film reduces friction and roughness, so the skin feels softer and more supple. Because the film is light and partly absorbed, it gives only mild occlusion, it is used more for texture and slip than for heavy barrier protection.
Interaction with skin lipids: The intercellular space of the stratum corneum is filled with ordered layers of ceramides, cholesterol and fatty acids. Isopropyl myristate can partition into these lipid layers and insert between their chains. This disturbs their tight packing and increases fluidity. As a result, the skin barrier becomes temporarily more permeable to other lipophilic substances. This mechanism makes IPM a well-known penetration enhancer in topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.
Solvent and carrier action: As a medium-polarity ester, the molecule dissolves many lipophilic actives, UV filters, fragrance materials, vitamins and pigments that are poorly soluble in water or in very non-polar hydrocarbons. By keeping these ingredients in solution and distributing them evenly, isopropyl myristate improves their incorporation into creams, lotions and oils and supports their delivery to the skin.
Modifying the feel of heavier oils: In blends with thicker oils, butters and waxes, the low-viscosity ester acts as a diluent and spreading agent. It reduces the overall viscosity and tackiness of the oil phase, makes products easier to apply and helps heavier ingredients form more even films.
Action on insect cuticles: The same ability to dissolve and fluidise waxy lipids is used in some treatments for head lice. The ester dissolves the waxy outer layer of the louse’s exoskeleton, disrupting its water barrier and causing dehydration, a physical rather than neurotoxic mode of action.
Chemical stability: The fatty acid chain is fully saturated, so there are no double bonds that react readily with oxygen. Isopropyl myristate therefore resists oxidative rancidity better than unsaturated vegetable oils. The branched isopropyl group also shields the ester bond somewhat from attack by water, giving reasonable hydrolytic stability in typical cosmetic pH ranges.
Behaviour in hair and other uses: On hair, the ester forms a thin, slippery film that improves combability and shine without heavy build-up. In industrial applications, it is used as a lubricant and solvent where a stable, low-viscosity, low-odour ester is required.
Comedogenic potential: Because the ester penetrates easily into the upper skin layers and follicle openings, high concentrations in leave-on products may contribute to clogged pores in people with acne-prone skin. Formulators therefore balance concentration and combine it with other emollients for facial products.
Feel, spreading, delivery and stability depend on concentration, the other oils and emulsifiers used, the active ingredients present and the type of skin or substrate. IPM Isopropyl Myristate dosage and formulation conditions should therefore be confirmed through laboratory trials.
QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
When buying IPM Isopropyl Myristate, the quality grade and specification are as important as the price.
RECOMMENDED INFORMATION TO REVIEW BEFORE PURCHASING:
Product name and manufacturer
Quality grade (cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food or technical)
Pharmacopoeial compliance (USP-NF, Ph. Eur., JP) if required
Assay (isopropyl myristate content by GC)
Acid value
Saponification value
Iodine value
Peroxide value
Refractive index
Color (e.g. APHA / Hazen)
Odor
Water content
Residue on ignition / ash
Origin of myristic acid (palm kernel, coconut) and certification (e.g. RSPO, Kosher, Halal)
Technical Data Sheet (TDS)
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Certificate of Analysis (COA)
Batch number and production date
Packaging type and net quantity
Storage conditions and shelf life
REACH and regulatory compliance information
The COA confirms the analytical results of a specific batch, the TDS describes the typical properties and uses of the grade, and the SDS covers safe handling and transport. For pharmaceutical use, additional documents such as pharmacopoeial compliance statements or quality agreements may be required.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
IPM Isopropyl Myristate should be stored in tightly closed original containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, protected from direct sunlight and heat.
Because its melting point is around 3 °C, IPM can become cloudy or partly solidify in cold warehouses. This does not damage the product, it should be brought to room temperature and mixed before use.
Containers should be kept closed to avoid moisture uptake and contamination. Long storage at high temperature or in partly filled containers can increase acid and peroxide values.
Suitable packaging materials include stainless steel, lined steel drums and compatible plastics such as HDPE. Compatibility of IPM with other plastics and elastomers should be checked, because some materials may soften or swell.
Transport: IPM Isopropyl Myristate is not classified as dangerous goods for transport by road, sea or air according to supplier safety data sheets, so it has no UN number.
In case of spillage, the liquid should be absorbed with inert material such as sand or earth and collected in suitable containers. The floor should be cleaned thoroughly because oily residues are slippery. Large amounts should not be released into drains or surface water.
SAFETY INFORMATION OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
Hazard classification: IPM Isopropyl Myristate is not classified as a hazardous substance or mixture under GHS according to supplier safety data sheets.
Skin and eye contact: IPM is generally well tolerated and is widely used in leave-on cosmetic products. Undiluted product may cause mild, temporary irritation in sensitive individuals. In case of eye contact, rinse with water, in case of skin contact, wash with soap and water.
Inhalation: Vapor pressure at room temperature is very low, so inhalation exposure is unlikely. Mists from heated product should be avoided.
Ingestion: Low acute toxicity is expected. Rinse the mouth with water and seek medical advice if discomfort occurs.
Fire: IPM Isopropyl Myristate is a combustible liquid with a flash point above 150 °C. Suitable extinguishing media are water spray, foam, dry chemical and carbon dioxide. Combustion produces carbon oxides.
Personal protection: Gloves and safety glasses are recommended for industrial handling. Normal workplace hygiene should be observed.
Environment: IPM Isopropyl Myristate is expected to be readily biodegradable, but large spills should be prevented from reaching drains, soil and surface water.
Waste: Disposal should follow local regulations.
WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN BUYING IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
Before purchasing IPM Isopropyl Myristate, buyers should define the end use, the required grade and any certification needs.
BEFORE PURCHASING, THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION SHOULD BE CLARIFIED:
Application (cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food/flavor, veterinary, technical)
Required pharmacopoeial compliance
Minimum assay and limits for acid value, peroxide value and color
Odor requirements
Certification requirements (RSPO, Kosher, Halal, vegan)
Origin and traceability of raw materials
Packaging type and quantity (drum, IBC, bulk)
Documentation requirements (TDS, SDS, COA, regulatory statements)
Current product specification if IPM is to replace an existing supply
The price of IPM Isopropyl Myristate depends on the cost of myristic acid (and therefore palm kernel and coconut oil markets), isopropyl alcohol and energy, as well as grade, certification, order volume, packaging and logistics.
SUPPLY OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE FROM ATAMAN KIMYA
Isopropyl myristate is a versatile emollient ester used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, flavors and technical applications. Companies planning to purchase it should define the required grade, specification and documentation before ordering.
Ataman Kimya can provide information on available grades, specifications, packaging options and price quotations for IPM Isopropyl Myristate.
Current stock, origin, grade and packaging details should be confirmed with Ataman Kimya before ordering.
SHARING THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IN A QUOTATION REQUEST HELPS EVALUATE THE RIGHT IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE PRODUCT:
Application and target market
Required grade and pharmacopoeial compliance
Key specification limits
Certification requirements
Estimated quantity
Packaging preference
Required documents
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
WHAT IS IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
Isopropyl tetradecanoate is the ester of myristic acid and isopropyl alcohol. It is a clear, light, oily liquid used mainly as an emollient, spreading agent, solvent and penetration enhancer in cosmetics and topical pharmaceuticals.
WHAT DOES IPM STAND FOR?
IPM stands for isopropyl myristate.
WHAT IS THE CAS NUMBER OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
The CAS number is 110-27-0.
WHAT IS THE EC / EINECS NUMBER OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
The EC / EINECS number is 203-751-4.
WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL FORMULA OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
The formula is C17H34O2 and the molecular weight is 270.45 g/mol.
WHAT IS THE INCI NAME OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
The INCI name is Isopropyl Myristate.
IS IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE USED IN COSMETICS?
Yes. It is one of the most widely used cosmetic esters, found in creams, lotions, body oils, makeup, sun care, hair care, deodorants and perfumes.
DOES IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE HAVE AN E NUMBER?
No. It has no E number as a food additive. It is used as a flavoring agent under FEMA No. 3556 and was evaluated by JECFA (No. 311).
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE AND ISOPROPYL PALMITATE?
IPM is the isopropyl ester of myristic acid (C14), while isopropyl palmitate is the ester of palmitic acid (C16). IPM is slightly lighter and spreads faster, isopropyl palmitate feels a little richer.
WHY IS IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE USED IN CREAMS?
It makes creams lighter, less greasy and faster absorbing, and it helps dissolve other oil-soluble ingredients.
IS IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE COMEDOGENIC?
It has been rated as comedogenic in older rabbit-ear tests. Whether a finished product is comedogenic depends on the whole formula, so products for acne-prone skin should be tested.
HOW DOES IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE ENHANCE SKIN PENETRATION?
It partitions into the lipid layers of the stratum corneum, increases their fluidity and acts as a solvent for lipophilic actives, which together can increase skin permeation.
HOW DOES IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE WORK AGAINST HEAD LICE?
It dissolves the waxy outer layer of lice, leading to dehydration and immobilization. The action is physical rather than chemical.
IS IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE SOLUBLE IN WATER?
No. It is practically insoluble in water but miscible with most oils, esters and alcohols.
HOW MUCH IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE IS USED IN FORMULATIONS?
Levels range from a few percent in emulsions to much higher levels in anhydrous oils and makeup removers. The optimum level is determined by formulation trials.
IS IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE HAZARDOUS?
It is not classified as hazardous under GHS according to supplier safety data sheets. Normal industrial hygiene precautions apply.
IS IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE REGISTERED UNDER REACH?
Yes, isopropyl myristate is registered under REACH.
WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
It is a clear, colorless to almost colorless, almost odorless oily liquid.
WHAT IS THE UN NUMBER OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
It is not classified as dangerous goods for transport and has no UN number.
WHY DOES IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE BECOME CLOUDY IN WINTER?
Its melting point is about 3 °C, so it can crystallize partly in the cold. Warming to room temperature and mixing restores clarity.
HOW DOES THE PRICE OF IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE VARY?
Price depends on myristic acid and isopropyl alcohol costs, palm kernel and coconut oil markets, grade, certification, order volume, packaging and logistics.
IS THERE AN ALTERNATIVE TO IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
Isopropyl palmitate, caprylic/capric triglyceride, ethylhexyl palmitate, coco-caprylate/caprate, isononyl isononanoate and C12-15 alkyl benzoate are common alternatives, depending on the desired skin feel and function.
HOW SHOULD IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE BE STORED?
In tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, protected from heat, sunlight and strong oxidizing agents.
WHAT DOCUMENTS SHOULD BE REQUESTED WHEN BUYING IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
TDS, SDS and COA, plus pharmacopoeial compliance and certification documents where required.
WHAT TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE IMPORTANT WHEN BUYING IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE?
Assay, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, refractive index, color, odor and water content.
IPM ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
IPM Isopropyl Myristate (isopropyl tetradecanoate, CAS 110-27-0, EC 203-751-4, C17H34O2, 270.45 g/mol) is the ester of myristic acid and isopropyl alcohol. It is a clear, colorless, almost odorless, low-viscosity liquid with a melting point of about 3 °C, a density of about 0.85 g/cm³ and a flash point above 150 °C.
The myristic acid ester is a light, fast-spreading, non-occlusive emollient that reduces greasiness, improves absorption, dissolves lipophilic ingredients, wets pigments and enhances skin penetration of actives. It is saturated and therefore stable against oxidation.
It is listed as Isopropyl Myristate in INCI and CosIng, has monographs in the USP-NF and Ph. Eur., is registered under REACH, and is used as a flavoring agent under FEMA 3556 / JECFA 311. It has no E number.
IPM is used in skin care, body oils, sun care, color cosmetics, lip products, hair care, deodorants, perfumes, topical and transdermal pharmaceuticals, veterinary products, head lice treatments, flavors and technical applications.
It is not classified as hazardous under GHS and is not regulated as dangerous goods for transport. Comedogenic potential and packaging compatibility should be considered in product development.
Companies planning to source IPM Isopropyl Myristate through Ataman Kimya are advised to share the application, required grade, specification, certification and documentation needs to confirm current product, stock, origin, packaging and quotation details.
IPM Isopropyl Myristate can be sourced from ATAMAN KİMYA. For further information and supply inquiries about IPM Isopropyl Myristate, please contact ATAMAN KİMYA.
