PRODUCTS

ISETHIONIC ACID

CAS Number: 107-36-8
EC Number: 203-484-3
Chemical formula: C2H6O4S

Isethionic acid is an organosulfur compound containing an alkylsulfonic acid located beta to a hydroxy group.
Isethionic acid's discovery is generally attributed to Heinrich Gustav Magnus, who prepared Isethionic acid by the action of solid sulfur trioxide on ethanol in 1833.
Isethionic acid is most commonly available in the form of Isethionic acid's sodium salt (sodium isethionate).

Isethionic acid is mild on the skin, and non-drying.
Isethionic acid works equally well in soft or hard water.
An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
Isethionic acid has role human metabolite.

Isethionic acid is a alkanesulfonic acid.
Isethionic acid is conjugate acid of isethionate.
Isethionic acid is found at high concentrations in several terrestrial and marine environments.
Concentration of Isethionic acid about 200 mM were measured in red algae and the squid giant axon.

An extremely high concentration of Isethionic acid is found in the sticky secretion that covers the silk orb web of an araneoid spider.
Lower concentrations of Isethionic acid are found in mammalian tissues and urine.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate (also known as 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid or isethionic acid) is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.

Isethionic acid forms a colourless, syrupy, and strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Mammals are also able to endogenously synthesize Isethionic acid via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process.
Isethionic acid can be found in both human plasma and urine.
Higher plasma levels of Isethionic acid have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organosulfonic acids.
Isethionic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
Isethionic acid has a role as a human metabolite.
Isethionic acid is a conjugate acid of an isethionate.

A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Isethionic acid (2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid) is an organosulfur compound.
Isethionic acid is widely distributed in animal species and in a few red algal species.
The main end products of the metabolism of sulphur amino-acids in mammals are inorganic sulphate and taurine.

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa ssuEADCB gene cluster is required for the utilization of alkanesulfonates (such as isethionic acid) as sulfur sources, and is expressed under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate (2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid or isethionic acid) is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.

Mammals are able to endogenously synthesize Isethionic acid via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process.
Isethionic acid can be found in both human plasma and urine.
Higher plasma levels of Isethionic acid have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.
Isethionic acid (2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid) is an organosulfur compound.

Isethionic acid is widely distributed in animal species and in a few red algal species.
A process for the preparation of isethionic acid involving the reaction of sodium isethionate and hydrogen chloride in an alcoholic solvent is described.
Isethionic acid can also be referred to as 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acid and is of the formula HOCH2CH2SO3.H.

Numerous processes have been suggested in the literature for the preparation of isethionic acid and the related isethionate salts.
Sulfoacetic acid is provided by the presence of sulfoacetate, isethionic acid or isethionate.
Cosmetic composition containing red algae extract comprising a combination of floridoside and isethionic acid.

An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
Isethionic acid is a reactant in the synthesis of 4-substituted-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenezenesulfonamides as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases I, II, VII, XII, and XIII.
A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.

USES and APPLICATIONS of ISETHIONIC ACID:
-Isethionic acid was used for the treatment of leishmaniasis in patients that showed no response to antimonials.
-Isethionic acid is frequently used in the industrial production of taurine.
-Isethionic acid is a water-soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable, and high-foaming anionic surfactants.

-Isethionic acid provide gentle cleansing and a soft skin feel.
-Isethionic acid is also an anti-static agent in shampoos.
-Isethionic acid is used as a starting material in the industrial production of taurine.
-Dehydration of isethionic acid gives vinylsulfonic acid.

-Fatty acid esters of isethionic acid (such as sodium lauroyl isethionate and sodium cocoyl isethionate) are used as biodegradable anionic surfactants.
-Isethionic acid is also used as a counter ion in certain pharmaceutical formulations, including the antimicrobials hexamidine and pentamidine.

-Isethionic acid is an amphoteric detergent used in detergent bar soaps.
-Isethionic acid makes a dense lather in addition to the lather made by the soap.
-Isethionic acid is a white water-soluble solid used in the manufacture of certain surfactants and in the industrial production of taurine.

-Isethionic acid is useful in electroplating; in the manufacture of inks; in the preparation of resins; as a reaction catalyst, for example, isethionic acid serves as a catalyst in the condensation reaction of aniline with formaldehyde to prepare diaminodiphenylmethanes; and as a reagent in the preparation of surfactants which are useful in the formulation of personal care and cleaning products.

-Isethionic acid can be used as an anionic detergent and has anti-settlement activity against Balanus amphitrite.
-A short-chain Isethionic acid used in the manufacture of anionic surfactants.
-A crystalline sulfonic acid C2H6O4S used especially in making surface-active agents.

-Isethionic acid (C2H6O4S) is a short chain alkane sulfonate containing hydroxy group, is a water soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable and high foaming anionic surfactants which provides gentle cleansing and soft skin feel.
-Isethionic acid can be used as an anionic detergent and has anti-settlement activity against Balanus amphitrite.

-The use is disclosed of isethionic acid as an acid base for cleaning and/or disinfecting agents, possibly together with other inorganic or organic acids, in particular in the food processing industry.
-The use of isethionic acid as the acid base of acidic cleaning and/or disinfecting formulations.

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of ISETHIONIC ACID:
-Sulfonyls
-Alkanesulfonic acids
-Primary alcohols
-Organic oxides
-Hydrocarbon derivatives

SUBSTITUENTS of ISETHIONIC ACID:
-Alkanesulfonic acid
-Sulfonyl Organosulfonic acid
-Organic oxygen compound
-Organic oxide
-Hydrocarbon derivative
-Primary alcohol
-Organosulfur compound
-Organooxygen compound
-Alcohol
-Aliphatic acyclic compound

SYNTHESIS of ISETHIONIC ACID:
Isethionic acid's original synthesis, by the reaction of sulfur trioxide on ethanol, has largely been surpassed.
Isethionic acid may be produced by the hydrolysis of carbyl sulfate, which is obtained by the sulfonation of ethylene.
However the most common route is the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous sodium bisulfite, which produces the sodium salt (sodium isethionate).

METHODS for PREPARETION of ISETHIONIC ACID:
A method for the preparation of isethionic acid by treating an alkali metal isethionate with hydrochloric acid to form isethionic acid and a chloride salt.

The chloride salt is removed so as to provide at least a 50% by weight aqueous solution of the isethionic acid after removal of excess hydrochloric acid, which solution may be further reacted with a polyvalent metal oxide, hydroxide or amine to form the corresponding heavy metal isethionate.
Zinc isethionate, for instance, is useful as a catalyst for making acyl isethionates used in making soap bars.

A method for preparation of isethionic acid comprising;
-forming a reaction mixture consisting essentially of an alkali metal isethionate and a molar excess of hydrochloric acid,
-the hydrochloric acid being in the form of anhydrous gaseous hydrogen chloride or a concentrated aqueous solution,
-the alkali metal isethionate being in the form of a substantially saturated aqueous solution when the hydrochloric acid is anhydrous,
-and the alkali metal isethionate being in a substantially dry state when the hydrochloric acid is in the form of a concentrated aqueo.

IONIC SURFACTANT FEATURE of ISETHIONIC ACID:
Ionic surfactants which contain hydrophobic hydrocarbon group connected with one or several hydrophilic groups dissociate into a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion in an aqueous solution.

If the head is negatively charged to carry the surface active properties, it is called anionic surfactant, whereas a positively charged head is the carrier of the surface active properties in cationic surfactants.

Typically cationic surfactants are based on the nitrogen atom carrying the cationic charge such as amine and quaternary ammonium product.

Cationic surfactant is considered to be poor cleaners but it contributes to the fabric softening, the disinfecting properties, and the grease-water interfacial tension reducing.

Cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium compounds, amines (primary, secondary, tertiary, diamines, polyamines, amine salts), imidazoline compounds, betaine compounds, and esterquats.

Anionic surfactant is the widely used type of surface active agent for laundry detergents, liquid cleaners and shampoos due to excellent cleaning properties particularly effective at oily soil cleaning and oil/clay soil suspension.

Anionic surfactants are deactivated in many hard water.
To prevent deactivation, builders should be dosed.
Anionic surfactant is used as a emulsifier in cosmetics, tooth paste, cream, shampoo, and acrylic binder.

Common soap is an anionic surfactant.
Carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate and phosphate are the polar groups in anionic surfactants.

Anionic surfactants include alkyl benzene sulfonate, fatty acid salts, sodium lauryl sulfate, alkyl sulfate salts, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, alpha-olefin sulfonates, phosphate esters, sulphosuccinates, alkyl phenol ether sulfates, and isethionates.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ISETHIONIC ACID:
Molar mass: 126.13 g/mol
Density: 1.63 g/cm3
Acidity (pKa): 1.39 (predicted)
Water Solubility: 103 g/L   ALOGPS
logP: -2.2
logP: -2.9
logS: -0.09
pKa (Strongest Acidic): -1.4
pKa (Strongest Basic): -2.9

Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 4
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2
Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Å²
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Refractivity: 22.95 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 10.43 Å³
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes

Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
Appearance: Liquid
Odor: No data available
Odor threshold: No data available
Melting/freezing point: No data available
Boiling point/range: No data available

Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 1.344 g/cm3

FIRST AID MEASURES of ISETHIONIC ACID:
-Description of first aid measures
*Eye contact:
Remove any contact lenses, locate eye-wash station, and flush eyes immediately with large amounts of water.

*Skin contact:
Rinse skin thoroughly with large amounts of water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Call a physician.

*Ingestion:
Wash out mouth with water.
Call a physician.

-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
Treat symptomatically.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ISETHIONIC ACID:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use full personal protective equipment.
Ensure adequate ventilation.

-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Absorb solutions with finely-powdered liquid-binding material (diatomite, universal binders).
Decontaminate surfaces and equipment by scrubbing with alcohol.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ISETHIONIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ISETHIONIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
*Components with workplace control parameters:
This product contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.

-Exposure controls:
*Engineering controls:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Provide accessible safety shower and eye wash station.

--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye protection:
Safety goggles.

*Hand protection:
Protective gloves.

*Skin and body protection:
Impervious clothing.

*Respiratory protection:
Suitable respirator.

*Environmental exposure controls:
Keep the product away from drains, water courses or the soil.

HANDLING and STORAGE of ISETHIONIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly sealed in cool, well-ventilated area.

-Recommended storage temperature:
Solution, -20°C, 2 years
Shipping at room temperature if less than 2 weeks.

-Specific end use(s):
No data available.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ISETHIONIC ACID:
-Reactivity: No data available.
-Chemical stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.

SYNONYMS:
2-Hydroxyethane-1-sulfonic acid
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid
2-Hydroxyethylsulfonic acid
beta-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid
Isethionic acid
Isethionate
2-Hydroxyethane-1-sulfonate
2-Hydroxyethane-1-sulphonate
2-Hydroxyethane-1-sulphonic acid
2-Hydroxyethanesulphonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulphonic acid
2-Hydroxyethylsulfonate   Generator
2-Hydroxyethylsulphonate
2-Hydroxyethylsulphonic acid
b-Hydroxyethanesulfonate
b-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid
b-Hydroxyethanesulphonate
b-Hydroxyethanesulphonic acid
beta-Hydroxyethanesulfonate
beta-Hydroxyethanesulphonate
beta-Hydroxyethanesulphonic acid
Β-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Β-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid
Β-hydroxyethanesulphonate
Β-hydroxyethanesulphonic acid
(2-Hydroxyethyl)sulfonate
(2-Hydroxyethyl)sulfonic acid
Ethanolsulfonate
Ethanolsulfonic acid
Hydroxyethylsulfonate
Hydroxyethylsulfonic acid
Isethionic acid sodium salt
Kyselina isethionova
Potassium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Potassium isethionate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate
Sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium isethionate
Isethionate, sodium
Acid, isethionic
Isethionic acid monopotassium salt
Isethionic acid monosodium salt
Acid, hydroxyethylsulfonic
Isethionic acid monoammonium salt
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate