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DESCRIPTION
Isododecane is a type of hydrocarbon solvent commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products.
It's a branched-chain alkane that is derived from petroleum.
This ingredient is known for being a lightweight, fast-drying liquid with a silky texture.
It's often included in formulations for its ability to help products spread smoothly, improve the feel of the product on the skin, and enhance the longevity of makeup.
Cas Number
31807-55-3
SYNONYMS
Iso-C12-13 Alkyl Benzene,2,6,10-Trimethylpentadecane,Dodecane, Isomeric mixture,C12-13 Alkyl Isomer
Isododecane is a hydrocarbon commonly used in various industrial and cosmetic applications due to its unique chemical properties.
This article explores the synthesis, chemical characteristics, industrial applications, and environmental impact of isododecane.
By examining its role in cosmetics, fuel additives, and other industries, we provide a comprehensive understanding of this versatile compound.
Isododecane (C12H26) is an isomer of dodecane, belonging to the family of branched alkanes.
With its low viscosity, volatility, and hydrophobic nature, it is widely utilized in industries ranging from cosmetics to energy.
The compound’s unique balance of volatility and stability has made it a preferred choice for formulations requiring rapid evaporation without residue.
Its applications are diverse, spanning cosmetics, adhesives, and fuel additives.
Despite its industrial importance, a thorough understanding of its properties, production methods, and environmental implications is essential for ensuring sustainable use.
Chemical Structure and Properties
Molecular Characteristics
Isododecane is a branched hydrocarbon with 12 carbon atoms and 26 hydrogen atoms.
Its structure includes multiple methyl branches, which contribute to its low viscosity and high volatility.
The branching also enhances its stability, making it resistant to degradation under standard conditions.
This molecular arrangement differentiates it from its straight-chain counterpart, dodecane, and accounts for its unique physical and chemical properties.
Physical Properties
Molecular Weight: Approximately 170.33 g/mol
Boiling Point: ~176°C
Industrial Production Methods
The industrial synthesis of isododecane primarily involves catalytic hydrocracking and isomerization of long-chain alkanes derived from petroleum.
These processes utilize advanced catalysts, such as zeolites or platinum-based systems, to achieve high yields and precise branching.
The raw materials, typically kerosene fractions, are subjected to high temperatures and pressures to break long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter, branched chains.
The resulting mixture is refined to isolate isododecane.
Recent advancements in catalytic technology have improved the efficiency and environmental footprint of this process. The integration of renewable feedstocks, such as bio-based alkanes, is being explored to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Laboratory Synthesis
Laboratory-scale synthesis of isododecane is less common but serves research purposes.
Techniques involve controlled isomerization reactions using specific catalysts to replicate industrial conditions.
These methods allow for the study of reaction mechanisms and the development of more sustainable production processes.
Applications
Cosmetic Industry
Isododecane’s low viscosity, lightweight texture, and non-greasy feel make it a cornerstone ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
It is used in products such as:
Foundations and concealers: Enhances spreadability and ensures long-lasting wear without caking.
Mascaras: Prevents smudging and provides a lightweight finish.
Lipsticks and lip glosses: Improves texture and ensures even application.
Its quick-drying properties and compatibility with pigments and other cosmetic ingredients contribute to its widespread use.
Additionally, isododecane acts as a solvent for silicone-based products, further expanding its utility.
Fuel and Lubricants
In the energy sector, isododecane is valued as an additive in jet fuels and high-performance lubricants.
Its benefits include:
Reduced viscosity: Enhances flow properties at low temperatures.
Improved combustion efficiency: Contributes to cleaner burning fuels.
Stability under extreme conditions: Ensures consistent performance in aviation and automotive applications.
Research into renewable sources of isododecane is ongoing to address environmental concerns associated with fossil fuel derivatives.
Other Industrial Uses
Beyond cosmetics and energy, isododecane is used in:
Adhesives and sealants: Provides quick-drying properties and enhances durability.
Coatings and paints: Acts as a solvent and improves application properties.
Electronics: Used in cleaning agents for delicate components due to its low residue.
Its versatility stems from its unique combination of volatility, stability, and hydrophobicity.
Future Prospects and Research Directions
The future of isododecane lies in balancing its industrial utility with environmental sustainability.
Key areas of research include:
Green chemistry innovations: Developing eco-friendly synthesis methods.
Bio-based feedstocks: Reducing reliance on petroleum-derived raw materials.
Improved formulations: Enhancing performance while minimizing environmental impact.
Collaboration between industries and academic institutions will be crucial in achieving these goals.
Advances in catalytic processes and renewable energy integration hold promise for the sustainable production of isododecane.
Isododecane is a versatile compound with applications spanning cosmetics, energy, and industrial manufacturing.
Its unique properties make it indispensable in many formulations, but its environmental impact warrants careful consideration.
By advancing research into sustainable production methods and alternative uses, isododecane can continue to play a vital role in modern industry while aligning with environmental goals.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT ISODODECANE
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
