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DESCRIPTION
Isononyl Isononanoate is a synthetic ester compound commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.
It’s made by esterifying isononyl alcohol with isononanoic acid.
This ingredient primarily functions as an emollient, which means it helps to soften and smooth the skin by forming a barrier that prevents moisture loss.
Cas Number: 27458-92-0
SYNONYMS
C9-10 Isoalcohol Isononanoate,Isononyl Isononanoate Ester,Isononyl Nonanoate,Nonyl Nonanoate
Isononyl Isononanoate (ININ) is an ester compound primarily used as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of flexible plastic materials and as an emollient in cosmetics and personal care products.
This article provides an in-depth review of the chemical properties, synthesis, applications, and safety considerations surrounding Isononyl Isononanoate.
Topics covered include the molecular structure, production methods, market demand, and potential environmental impact.
A critical analysis of its toxicity, biodegradability, and regulatory status is also included to offer a balanced perspective on its use in various industries.
Overview of Isononyl Isononanoate:
Isononyl Isononanoate is an ester of isononyl alcohol and isononanoic acid.
Isononyl Isononanoate is primarily used as a plasticizer to enhance the flexibility and durability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other plastics.
Isononyl Isononanoate also acts as an emollient, providing moisturization and skin-softening effects in personal care products.
Historical Background and Discovery:
The development of Isononyl Isononanoate is rooted in the evolution of plasticizers and additives used in the polymer industry, dating back to the early 20th century.
As demand for flexible materials grew, chemists synthesized various esters, including ININ, which proved to be more efficient and stable than earlier alternatives.
Importance in Industrial and Commercial Applications:
ININ plays a significant role in both the industrial manufacturing of polymers and in consumer-facing industries like cosmetics.
Its versatility and relatively low toxicity make it a preferred choice over other plasticizers, such as phthalates.
Chemical Properties
Molecular Structure and Formula:
Isononyl Isononanoate has the chemical formula C20H38O4, consisting of a long hydrocarbon chain derived from isononyl alcohol and isononanoic acid.
Its structure consists of two nonyl groups attached to an ester linkage, giving it both hydrophobic properties and the ability to interact with other chemical compounds in formulations.
Physical Properties (Boiling Point, Melting Point, Solubility, etc.):
Boiling Point: Approximately 230°C
Melting Point: It remains liquid at room temperature, which makes it useful as a plasticizer in various products.
Density: 0.92 g/cm³
Solubility: Poorly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents and oils, which is typical for esters with long-chain alkyl groups.
Chemical Stability:
Isononyl Isononanoate is stable under normal conditions but may decompose under extreme heat or in the presence of certain reactive chemicals.
It is resistant to oxidation and hydrolysis, which makes it suitable for long-term use in formulations.
Compatibility with Other Chemicals:
ININ is compatible with a wide range of other chemicals, including various polymers, oils, and resins, which enhances its versatility in multiple applications.
It is often used in combination with other plasticizers to achieve specific performance characteristics in materials.
Synthesis and Production
Raw Materials Used in Synthesis:
The synthesis of Isononyl Isononanoate involves the reaction between isononyl alcohol (derived from synthetic or natural feedstocks) and isononanoic acid, often under the influence of a catalyst such as sulfuric acid.
The reaction is typically carried out under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure to maximize yield and minimize byproducts.
Industrial Production Methods:
The commercial production of ININ can take place using either batch or continuous processes, with the choice depending on the scale of production and desired efficiency.
The process is highly scalable, and the final product is purified through distillation or filtration.
Yield and Efficiency of Production:
Modern production techniques can achieve high yields (up to 90-95%) with efficient use of raw materials.
The overall efficiency of production depends on the choice of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time, which can be optimized for large-scale industrial production.
Applications of Isononyl Isononanoate
Use in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products: ININ is widely used as an emollient in cosmetic formulations due to its ability to soften and smooth the skin.
It is a common ingredient in lotions, sunscreens, hair care products, and other personal care items, where it helps to improve the texture and application properties of the product.
Use in Plasticizers for Polymers:
ININ is primarily used as a plasticizer in PVC, polyethylene, and other polymer materials.
It enhances flexibility, reduces brittleness, and improves durability in finished products such as wire coatings, flooring, and medical devices.
The plasticizing effect is crucial for manufacturing products that require a high degree of flexibility and toughness.
Use in Lubricants and Additives:
ININ is used as a lubricant in automotive and industrial applications due to its high stability and low volatility.
It can reduce wear and tear in machinery and provide long-lasting lubrication in extreme conditions.
Other Niche Applications:
Isononyl Isononanoate is also utilized in a variety of other niche applications, including as a stabilizer in polymer blends and as a plasticizer in synthetic rubber.
Its compatibility with other materials makes it a versatile compound across many industries.
Regulatory and Market Considerations
Regulatory Frameworks for Chemical Use in Various Regions:
The global regulatory landscape for Isononyl Isononanoate varies by region, with stricter guidelines in Europe compared to other regions.
The compound must be assessed for safety and environmental impact before being marketed in certain applications, especially those involving food contact materials.
Market Demand and Supply:
The demand for ININ is tied closely to industries such as PVC manufacturing, cosmetics, and personal care.
Trends in these industries drive the market, with an increasing emphasis on sustainable and safer alternatives influencing production practices.
Trends in the Use of Isononyl Isononanoate in Different Sectors:
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in bio-based alternatives to conventional plasticizers, but Isononyl Isononanoate continues to be a popular choice due to its performance characteristics and safety profile.
Future Directions
Emerging Research on Alternatives to Isononyl Isononanoate:
Research into alternative plasticizers and emollients is ongoing, with a focus on reducing toxicity and environmental impact.
Bio-based plasticizers, such as those derived from renewable resources, are being explored as potential replacements.
Trends in Green Chemistry and Sustainable Manufacturing:
The chemical industry is moving toward greener production methods, and there is an increasing focus on sustainable chemistry practices that minimize the use of hazardous chemicals and reduce waste during manufacturing.
Technological Advancements in the Use of Plasticizers and Emollients:
Innovations in polymer chemistry and materials science are enhancing the efficiency of plasticizers, while new formulations of emollients are improving the functionality and safety of personal care products.
Summary of the Compound's Key Attributes:
Isononyl Isononanoate is a versatile compound that plays a critical role in various industries, especially in plastic manufacturing and cosmetics.
Its chemical stability, low toxicity, and compatibility with other materials make it an attractive choice for many applications.
Potential for Future Use and Research:
As research continues into the environmental impact and potential health risks, ININ may be increasingly replaced with greener alternatives.
However, its current utility in industry ensures that it will remain in use for the foreseeable future.
Importance of Balanced Risk Management in Commercial Applications:
While Isononyl Isononanoate presents minimal risks when used according to safety standards, careful risk management is necessary to mitigate environmental and occupational hazards.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT ISONONYL ISONONANOATE
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
