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Isopropanol (IPA) is widely used for its antiseptic, disinfectant, and solvent properties across medical, household, industrial, and laboratory settings.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used as an antiseptic.
Isopropanol (IPA) is still used in industrial settings, both as a solvent and as an intermediate.
CAS Number: 67‑63‑0
EC Number: 200‑661‑7
Molecular Formula: C3H8O / CH3CHOHCH3
Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol
SYNONYMS:
Propan-2-ol, 2-Propanol, Isopropanol, Rubbing alcohol, sec-Propyl alcohol, 2-Hydroxypropane, i-PrOH, Dimethyl carbinol, IPA, İPA, Isopropanol, 2-Propanol, Propan-2-ol, Sec-propyl Alcohol, 1-methyl ethyl alcohol, İ-propanol, 67-63-0, 1-methylethanol, 2-propyl alcohol, 2-hydroxy propane, sec-Propyl alcohol, IPA, Isopropanol, Isopropyl alcohol, 2-Propanol, Isopropyl alcohol, isopropanol, 2-Propanol, Propan-2-ol, 67-63-0, 2-Hydroxypropane, Alkolave, Avantine, Hartosol, Dimethylcarbinol, i-Propanol, sec-Propyl alcohol, i-Propyl alcohol, ISO-PROPANOL, i-Propanol [German], i-Propylalkohol [German], Iso-propylalkohol [German], Alcool isopropilico [Italian], Alcool isopropylique [French], iso-propylalcohol, propanol-2, MFCD00011674, 2-Propanol, anhydrous, NCGC00090917-01, Rubbing alcohol, iPrOH, 2-Propanol, USP, 99.0%, Caswell No. 507, isopropylalcohol, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL(2-D), 2-Propanol, ACS reagent, >=99.5%, CAS-67-63-0, CCRIS 2308, HSDB 116, Isopropyl alcohol; Propan-2-ol; 2-Propanol, EINECS 200-661-7, UN1219, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL(1,1,1,3,3,3-D6), NSC 135801, BRN 0635639, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-D7), isoproylalcohol, Virahol, i-propylalcohol, Lavaco, 2propanol, 2-propylalcohol, isoproyl alcohol, Isopropyl-alcohol, propane-2ol, propan-2ol, UNII-ND2M416302, Isopropryl alcohol, propane-2-ol, 2 -propanol, 2- propanol, propan 2-ol, iso-PrOH, i-PrOH, (propan-2-ol), Isopro (TN), Hibistat (Salt/Mix), i-Pr-OH, Propane, 2-hydroxy-, 2-Propanol, Ph Eur, iso-C3H7OH, Isopropanol (JP18), Isopropanol ACS reagent, 2-Propanol, GC Grade, 2-Propanol, for HPLC, ISOPROPANOL [JAN], 2-Propanol, ACS reagent, 2-Propanol, HPLC Grade, SCHEMBL385, CHEMBL582, Isopropyl alcohol HPLC/UV, 2-Propanol, 99.5%, EC 200-661-7, SCHEMBL2464, IPS 1, Isopropanol, 70% in water, Isopropanol, 70% in H2O, SCHEMBL15676, SCHEMBL28931, SCHEMBL28932, SCHEMBL29414, SCHEMBL45145, ISOPROPANOL [WHO-DD], 4-01-00-01461 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Isopropyl alcohol (manufacture strong-acid process), SCHEMBL210425, SCHEMBL212534, 2-PROPANOL [USP-RS], 2-PROPANOL [WHO-IP], ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [II], ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [MI], Isopropanol, 99.5% anhydrous, SCHEMBL2890362, SCHEMBL3135052, SCHEMBL3518963, SCHEMBL4285665, SCHEMBL6061107, WLN: QY1&1, 2-Propanol, analytical standard, Isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [FCC], 2-Propanol, LR, >=99%, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [IARC], BDBM36154, ALCOHOL,ISOPROPYL [VANDF], DTXSID30192700, Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing-strong acid process only), ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [VANDF], 2-Propanol, anhydrous, 99.5%, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [MART.], 2-Propanol, AR, >=99.5%, STR00089, 2-Propanol, for HPLC, 99.5%, 2-Propanol, for HPLC, 99.9%, 2-Propanol, technical grade, 95%, Tox21_111039, Tox21_202475, 2-Propanol, 99.5%, HPLC grade, 2-PROPANOLUM [WHO-IP LATIN], 2-Propanol, histological grade, 99%, AKOS000121012, Isopropyl alcohol [for HPLC Solvent], 2-Propanol, for HPLC, >=99.8%, DB02325, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (ISOPROPANOL), ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [ORANGE BOOK], UN 1219, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH], ACETONE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL [USP MONOGRAPH], NCGC00260024-01, 2-Propanol, 99.95% (LC-MS Grade), 2-Propanol, UV HPLC gradient, 99.8%, 8003-15-4, Isopropyl alcohol (only persons who manufacture by the strong acid process are subject, supplier notification not required), Isopropyl alcohol [for Spectrophotometry], Isopropyl alcohol, natural, >=98%, FG, 2-Propanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, DURAPREP COMPONENT ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL, Isopropyl alcohol, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, 2-Propanol, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, Isopropanol ACS reagent, benzene < 20 ppm, 2-Propanol, JIS special grade, >=99.5%, 2-Propanol, Laboratory Reagent, >=99.5%, 2-Propanol, meets USP testing specifications, CHLORAPREP COMPONENT ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL, I0163, I0164, I0277, NS00002384, EN300-21633, Isopropanol, 99.5% anhydrous, 50 ppm water, C01845, D00137, Q16392, R00276, InChI=1/C3H8O/c1-3(2)4/h3-4H,1-2H, SR-01000944474, SR-01000944474-1, 1344575-38-7, 2-Propanol, 2-propanol, HP-IPA, IPA, IPPAA, ISO PROPYL ALCOHOL, Isopropanol, Isopropyl alcohol, Propan-2-ol,
Isopropanol (IPA) is ideal for preparing vehicles for an upcoming polishing or sealing.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a general cleaner that can be used to clean virtually any surface.
Isopropanol (IPA) removes light grease, oils, dirt, food stains etc.
Isopropanol (IPA) evaporates quickly and leaves surfaces squeaky clean.
Isopropanol Alcohol liquid 99% pure Isopropanol (IPA) (also known as IPA Isopropanol, rubbing alcohol or iso-propanol) for all-purpose cleaning and degreasing.
Isopropanol (IPA) (IPA; aka 2-propanol, but never “isopropanol”) is a common solvent, reagent, and disinfectant.
Isopropanol (IPA) is with a characteristic odor that is similar to ethanol’s, but more pungent.
Isopropanol (IPA) dates to 1866 in the chemical literature, when it was mentioned by Eduard Linnemann at the University of Lemberg (Poland)1 in an article about the conversion of propylene oxides to acetone.
As described by Carleton Ellis in a 1921 article in Petroleum Magazine, Isopropanol (IPA) was first produced commercially by Standard Oil in 1920 from paraffin oil–derived propylene via its reaction with sulfuric acid, followed by hydrolysis.
Much of the alcohol was then oxidized to acetone.
In 2022, the global market for Isopropanol (IPA) was ≈2.3 million tonnes.
It is forecast that the volume will grow to ≈2.9 million tonnes by 2030.
Isopropanol (IPA) (IUPAC name propan-2-ol and also called isopropanol or 2-propanol) is a colorless, flammable, organic compound with a pungent odor.
Isopropanol (IPA), an organic polar molecule, is miscible in water, ethanol, and chloroform, demonstrating its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances including ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, oils, alkaloids, and natural resins.
Notably, Isopropanol (IPA) is not miscible with salt solutions and can be separated by adding sodium chloride in a process known as salting out.
Isopropanol (IPA) forms an azeotrope with water, resulting in a boiling point of 80.37 °C and is characterized by its slightly bitter taste.
Isopropanol (IPA) becomes viscous at lower temperatures, freezing at −89.5 °C, and has significant ultraviolet-visible absorbance at 205 nm.
Isopropanol (IPA), also known as 2-propanol or rubbing alcohol, is a colorless, flammable, and volatile organic compound.
Isopropanol (IPA) is an isomer of 1-propanol and shares many chemical and physical properties with ethanol.
Chemically, Isopropanol (IPA) can be oxidized to acetone or undergo various reactions to form compounds like isopropoxides or aluminium isopropoxide.
As an isopropyl group linked to a hydroxyl group (chemical formula (CH₃)₂CHOH), Isopropanol (IPA) is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a structural isomer of propan-1-ol and ethyl methyl ether, all of which share the formula C₃H₈O.
Isopropanol (IPA) was first synthesized in 1853 by Alexander William Williamson and later produced for cordite preparation.
Isopropanol (IPA) is produced through hydration of propene or hydrogenation of acetone, with modern processes achieving anhydrous alcohol through azeotropic distillation.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a common ingredient in products such as antiseptics, disinfectants and detergents.
More than a million tonnes are produced worldwide annually.
Isopropanol (IPA) is known as rubbing alcohol.
It is also the common name of the molecule Isopropanol (IPA).
Isopropanol (IPA) is also stated as rubbing alcohol.
Therefore, Isopropanol (IPA) is not a suitable type of alcohol for human consumption.
Isopropanol (IPA) has many properties of Ethanol.
The 2 can show similar properties.
Isopropanol (IPA) is also known as 2-Propanol, an isomer of 1-Propanol.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a chemical with antiseptic chemical properties.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.
Isopropanol (IPA) has a role as a protic solvent.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a secondary fatty alcohol and a secondary alcohol.
Isopropanol (IPA) is an isomer of 1-propanol.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties.
Isopropanol (IPA) has been reported in Opuntia ficus-indica, Malus pumila, and other organisms with data available.
Isopropanol (IPA) is an isomer of propyl alcohol with antibacterial properties.
Although the exact mechanism of isopropanol's disinfecting action is not known, Isopropanol (IPA) might kill cells by denaturing cell proteins and DNA, interfering with cellular metabolism, and dissolving cell lipo-protein membranes.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a small molecule drug with a maximum clinical trial phase of IV (across all indications) that was first approved in 2000 and has 10 approved and 2 investigational indications.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent.
Isopropanol (IPA) or 2-propanol is an isomer of 1-propanol.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a clear, colorless and volatile material with a light odor.
Isopropanol (IPA) possesses physico-chemical and solvency properties similar to those of ethyl alcohol, making it completely miscible with water and soluble in most organic solvents.
Isopropanol (IPA) (propan-2-ol, isopropyl alcohol) – is an organic chemical compound from the group of aliphatic alcohols, the simplest secondary alcohol with one substituent isomer, propan-1-ol.
Diisopropyl ether (IPE) is also produced as a byproduct of this Isopropanol (IPA) production process.
The on-site availability of propylene provides Isopropanol (IPA) customers with a greater level of supply reliability.
Isopropanol (IPA) (propan-2-ol; Isopropanol (IPA) or 2-propanol) is a compound with the chemical formula CH₃CHOHCH₃.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor.
As an isopropyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, Isopropanol (IPA) is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a structural isomer of 1-propanol and ethyl methyl ether.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive scent that can be freely mixed with water or ethanol.
Isopropanol (IPA) also known as IPA, is a colourless, flammable liquid with a strong odour that evaporates quickly.
Isopropanol (IPA) dissolves a wide range of non-polar compounds and leaves nearly zero oil traces.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a compound with the chemical formula C₃H₈O or C₃H₇OH or CH₃CHOHCH₃.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a colourless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odour.
Isopropanol (IPA) is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms sometimes shown as (CH₃)₂CHOH.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a structural isomer of propanol.
USES and APPLICATIONS of ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
Although it is chemically similar to consumable alcohols like ethanol, Isopropanol (IPA) is not suitable for human consumption due to its toxic effects.
Isopropanol (IPA) is widely used for its antiseptic, disinfectant, and solvent properties across medical, household, industrial, and laboratory settings.
Mode of action likely involves protein denaturation, disruption of lipid membranes, and inhibition of cellular metabolism and DNA
Sometimes used as a drying agent to prevent otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)
In 1990, 45,000 metric tonnes of Isopropanol (IPA) were used in the United States, mostly as a solvent for coatings or for industrial processes.
In that year, 5400 metric tonnes were used for household purposes and in personal care products.
Isopropanol (IPA) is popular in particular for pharmaceutical applications, due to its low toxicity.
Some Isopropanol (IPA) is used as a chemical intermediate.
Isopropanol (IPA) may be converted to acetone, but the cumene process is more significant.
Isopropanol (IPA) serves in medical settings as a rubbing alcohol and hand sanitizer, and in industrial and household applications as a solvent.
Topically, Isopropanol (IPA) is used as an antiseptic.
The vast majority of Isopropanol (IPA) is still used in industrial settings, both as a solvent and as an intermediate.
Isopropanol (IPA) is also a popular ingredient in many disinfectant and personal care products, but household applications represent only a small fraction of overall isopropanol production.
Isopropanol (IPA) can dissolve a wide range of non-polar products.
Isopropanol (IPA) evaporates quickly leaving no residue and it’s relatively non-toxic when compared to ethanol or other alternative solvents which make it an ideal product to use as a cleaning solution and for dissolving oils.
Isopropanol (IPA) can also be used for cleaning delicate parts during manufacture of electric and electronic devices, and stain removal in various products, such as fabrics, cotton and wood.
Some examples of small-scale applications of Isopropanol (IPA):
Cosmetics and personal care products, Ingredient in paints, inks and resins, Pharmaceutical tablets, Extraction and purification processes, Coolant in beer manufacture, Coupling agent, De-icer, Polymerisation modifier, Synthetic flavouring adjuvant, Disinfectant / Sanitiser, and Cleaner.
According to the Merck Index, Isopropanol (IPA) has a wide range of uses: in antifreeze compositions; as an industrial solvent for gums, resins, and creosote; in quick-drying inks and oils; in cosmetic products such as body rubs, hand lotions, and after-shave formulations; and in the manufacture of acetone, glycerol, and isopropyl acetate.
Isopropanol (IPA) also has several medical uses, including in rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizers, and “wet wipes”.
Isopropanol (IPA) is the solvent of choice for the final preparation, cleaning and degreasing of all substrates prior to adhesive bonding.
In addition, Isopropanol (IPA) is useful for the cleaning up of many uncured adhesives, sealants and resins.
Isopropanol (IPA) can be used to safely and effectively remove stubborn dirt such as grease, fillers, etc.
Isopropanol (IPA); Rubbing alcohol benefits many home applications.
Isopropanol (IPA) is an isomer of 1-Propanol.
Isopropanol (IPA) has disinfectant properties.
Therefore, Isopropanol (IPA) has an intensive use in the industry due to its cleaning properties.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent.
Topically, Isopropanol (IPA) is used as an antiseptic.
Isopropanol is used in soaps and lotions as an antiseptic.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent.
Topically, Isopropanol (IPA) is used as an antiseptic.
Small amounts of Isopropanol (IPA) are produced naturally by gut microbial flora.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in industry as an organic solvent, and is also commonly used as a solvent and carrier for HPLC chromatography.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a reagent valued in the chemical industry in chemical synthesis processes that introduces an isopropyl and isopropoxy group.
In preventive medicine, Isopropanol (IPA) is particularly desirable in the form of a 70% aqueous solution as an antiseptic liquid, commonly used to disinfect people and surfaces.
Isopropanol (IPA) solution is used in printing in offset printing in moisturizing solutions.
As a cheaper substitute for ethanol and methanol, Isopropanol (IPA) is used in fluids for cleaning precision optics.
Also in other industries, Isopropanol (IPA) is widely used for cleaning magnetic heads, disk drives, rubber rollers, precision mechanics devices.
Its particular advantage in such situations is the fact that Isopropanol (IPA) is completely chemically inert to most metals and plastics.
In precision mechanics and renovation of technical monuments, Isopropanol (IPA) is used to remove lubricants and other impurities, including resin waxes, fats, including natural ones, as well as inks and dried printing inks.
Often used as a fuel additive due to Isopropanol (IPA)'s water-dispersing properties in propellant mixtures, which prevents the formation of ice plugs in fuel lines.
The automatically translated description is binding in the Polish version.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a secondary alcohol that exists as a clear, colourless liquid with a typical odour and is miscible with water.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in pharmacy, among other things, as a disinfectant for surfaces, the hands and the skin, as an excipient and for the production of dipping drops.
It must be noted that Isopropanol (IPA) and its vapours are flammable.
Isopropanol (IPA) is colourless and flammable with a strong odour.
In addition to being used as a cleaning solution or antiseptic, Isopropanol (IPA) is commonly used as a solvent.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a low-cost solvent and extractant.
Also known as isopropyl alcohol, Isopropanol (IPA) is widely used for cleaning and sanitising, pesticides, herbicides, inks, cosmetics, paints, resins, pharmaceuticals, food and adhesives.
Isopropanol (IPA) is also used for cleaning and drying electronic parts and metals, as an aerosol solvent, as a coolant, a coupling agent, a polymerisation modifier, a de-icing agent, a preservative and in motor oils.
Main Application of Isopropanol (IPA): Paint solvent, Gravure printing ink solvent, Raw materials for agricultural chemicals, Antiseptic alcohol, Surfactant, and Medical solvent.
Compared to alternative solvents Isopropanol (IPA) alcohol is relatively non-toxic as a result it is used widely as a cleaning fluid, disinfectant, Fuel Additive, solvent and for its Pharmaceutical and
Isopropanol (IPA) has a wide variety of industrial and household uses.
Isopropanol (IPA) is ideal cleaning solution/degreaser for oil production zones.
Isopropanol (IPA) can be used in various areas where slippy surfaces are a problem.
Isopropanol (IPA) is an excellent cleaning fluid and a fast evaporating fluid leaving a clean slip free finish.
-Using Isopropanol (IPA) to prevent water from freezing:
10% alcohol:90% water will reduce the freezing point of water from 0 °C to −3 °C.
20% alcohol:80% water will reduce the freezing point of water from 0 °C to −7 °C.
40% alcohol:60% water will reduce the freezing point of water from 0 °C to −20 °C.
At these sorts of mixes water will not freeze at its normal 0 °C.
-Medical Applications of Isopropanol (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) alcohol’s ability to dissolve oils lead it to being used to clean a wide range of electronic devices such as contact pins, magnetic tape and disk heads (such as Audio and video tape recorders and floppy disk drives), the lenses of lasers in optical disc drives (e.g., CD, DVD) and removing thermal paste from heatsinks and IC packages (such as CPUs).
Isopropanol (IPA) is also used in the making of Rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizer, and disinfecting pads that typically contain a 30–70% solution of Isopropanol (IPA) depending on the exact use.
-Typical Uses of Isopropanol (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) evaporates quickly, leaving no residue and is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of industrial and household chemicals such as disinfectants, detergents and electronics cleaners.
Isopropanol (IPA) is also used in the personal care industry to make cosmetics, hand sanitizers, hairspray, sunblock, and perfumes.
Isopropanol (IPA) is an industrial solvent and chemical intermediate, distilled to a purity of approximately 99.0%.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a colorless liquid with high solubility and volatility, making it ideal for use as a solvent, cleaning agent, and disinfectant.
Due to these unique properties, Isopropanol (IPA) is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, paints, cosmetics, and electronics.
-Cleaning applications of Isopropanol (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) is excellent for removal of fluxes, light oils, polar soils, dirt, inks and oxides.
Isopropanol (IPA) is safe on plastics.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used preparation of metal and composite surfaces prior to painting.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a highly versatile solvent which has 1001 uses.
Second only to water Isopropanol (IPA) is the most commonly used liquid for cleaning and is found in millions of products worldwide.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in manufacturing acetone, glycerol and isopropyl acetate.
A solvent for many oils, alkaloids, gums and resins, Isopropanol (IPA) also serves as a de-icing agent for liquid fuels.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in extraction processes, as a dehydrating agent and as a laboratory reagent.
-Solvent uses of Isopropanol (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) dissolves a wide range of non-polar compounds.
Isopropanol (IPA) evaporates quickly and the typically available grades tend to not leave behind oil traces when used as a cleaning fluid unlike some other common solvents.
Isopropanol (IPA) is also relatively non-toxic.
Thus, Isopropanol (IPA) is used widely as a solvent and as a cleaning fluid, especially where there are oils or oil-based residues which are not easily cleaned with water, conveniently evaporating and (depending on water content and other variables) posing less of a risk of corrosion or rusting than plain water.
Together with ethanol, n-butanol, and methanol, it belongs to the group of alcohol solvents.
Isopropanol (IPA) is commonly used for cleaning eyeglasses, electrical contacts, audio or video tape heads, DVD and other optical disc lenses, bongs, and for removing thermal paste from heatsinks on CPUs and other IC packages.
Isopropanol (IPA) is sometimes used by miniatures hobbyists to strip acrylic paints & primers from high impact polystyrene miniatures.
-Intermediate uses of Isopropanol (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) is esterified to give isopropyl acetate, another solvent.
Isopropanol (IPA) reacts with carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide to give sodium isopropylxanthate, which has use as an herbicide and an ore flotation reagent.
Isopropanol (IPA) reacts with titanium tetrachloride and aluminium metal to give titanium and aluminium isopropoxides, respectively, the former a catalyst, and the latter a chemical reagent.
Isopropanol (IPA) may serve as a chemical reagent in itself, by acting as a dihydrogen donor in transfer hydrogenation.
-Medical uses of Isopropanol (IPA):
Rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizer, and disinfecting pads typically contain a 60–70% solution of Isopropanol (IPA) or ethanol in water.
Water is required to open up membrane pores of bacteria, which acts as a gateway for Isopropanol (IPA).
A 75% v/v solution in water may be used as a hand sanitizer.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used as a water-drying aid for the prevention of otitis externa, better known as swimmer's ear.
Inhaled Isopropanol (IPA) can be used for treating nausea in some settings by placing a disinfecting pad under the nose.
-Early uses of Isopropanol (IPA) as an anesthetic:
Although Isopropanol (IPA) can be used for anesthesia, its many negative attributes or drawbacks prohibit this use.
Isopropanol (IPA) can also be used similarly to ether as a solvent or as an anesthetic by inhaling the fumes or orally.
Early uses included using the solvent as general anesthetic for small mammals and rodents by scientists and some veterinarians.
However, Isopropanol (IPA) was soon discontinued, as many complications arose, including respiratory irritation, internal bleeding, and visual and hearing problems.
In rare cases, respiratory failure leading to death in animals was observed.
-Automotive uses of Isopropanol (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) is a major ingredient in "gas dryer" fuel additives.
In significant quantities, water is a problem in fuel tanks, as it separates from gasoline and can freeze in the supply lines at low temperatures.
Alcohol does not remove water from gasoline, but Isopropanol (IPA)solubilizes water in gasoline.
Once soluble, water does not pose the same risk as insoluble water, as Isopropanol (IPA) no longer accumulates in the supply lines and freezes but is dissolved within the fuel itself.
Isopropanol (IPA) is often sold in aerosol cans as a windshield or door lock deicer.
Isopropanol (IPA) is also used to remove brake fluid traces from hydraulic braking systems, so that the brake fluid (usually DOT 3, DOT 4, or mineral oil) does not contaminate the brake pads and cause poor braking.
Mixtures of Isopropanol (IPA) and water are also commonly used in homemade windshield washer fluid.
-Laboratory uses of Isopropanol (IPA):
As a biological specimen preservative, Isopropanol (IPA) provides a comparatively non-toxic alternative to formaldehyde and other synthetic preservatives.
Isopropanol (IPA) solutions of 70–99% are used to preserve specimens.
Isopropanol (IPA) is often used in DNA extraction.
A lab worker adds it to a DNA solution to precipitate the DNA, which then forms a pellet after centrifugation.
This is possible because DNA is insoluble in Isopropanol (IPA).
-Semiconductors uses of Isopropanol (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) is used as an additive in alkaline anisotropic etching of monocrystalline silicon, such as with potassium hydroxide or tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
This process is used in texturing of silicon solar cells and microfabrication (e.g. in MEMS devices).
Isopropanol (IPA) increases the anisotropy of the etch by increasing the etch rate of [100] plane relative to higher indexed planes.
-Industrial and Domestic Uses of Isopropanol (IPA):
Used as a solvent in: Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, Perfumes, Hair and skin products, Lacquers and dyes, Window and surface cleaners, Soaps and antifreezes, Sold commercially as 70% aqueous solution for cleaning and disinfection.
-In the automotive industry:
Isopropanol (IPA) is added to fuel as a water solubilizer (e.g. in gas dryer additives)
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in windshield washer fluids and deicers
Isopropanol (IPA) removes brake fluid from hydraulic systems
-Laboratory Applications of Isopropanol (IPA)
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in DNA extraction to precipitate DNA
Isopropanol (IPA) serves as a preservative for biological specimens (alternative to formaldehyde)
Concentrations of 70–99% are common in lab applications of Isopropanol (IPA)
Isopropanol (IPA) acts as a protic solvent in many organic reactions
-Semiconductor and Synthesis Applications of Isopropanol (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in anisotropic etching of silicon during solar cell production and MEMS fabrication
Isopropanol (IPA) increases the etch rate of the [100] silicon plane
Reacts with:
Aluminum metal to form aluminum isopropoxide, a reagent in organic synthesis
Titanium tetrachloride to yield titanium isopropoxide, a catalyst
-Medical and Antiseptic Use of Isopropanol (IPA):
*Isopropanol (IPA) is used topically as a disinfectant and antiseptic
*Commonly found in: Rubbing alcohol (usually 70% aqueous solution)
*Hand sanitizers
*Disinfecting pads
ADVANTAGES OF ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
*Environmentally Friendly
*Biodegradable and breaks down relatively quickly in the environment
*High Volatility
*Ideal for cleaning and disinfecting various surfaces and sensitive components
*High Solubility
*Easily used in organic mixtures such as thinners, coatings, and paints
*Versatile
*A practical, effective, and easy-to-use solution for manufacturing, disinfection, and cleaning in numerous industries
PROPERTIES OF ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
Isopropanol (IPA) will dissolve ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, many oils, alkaloids, gums and natural resins.
Isopropanol (IPA) is insoluble in salt solutions.
Unlike ethanol or methanol, Isopropanol (IPA) can be separated from aqueous solutions by adding a salt such as sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, or any of several other inorganic salts, since the alcohol is much less soluble in saline solutions than in salt-free water.
The process is colloquially called salting out, and causes concentrated Isopropanol (IPA) to separate into a distinct layer.
Isopropanol (IPA) forms an azeotrope with water, which gives a boiling point of 80.37 °C (176.67 °F) and a composition of 87.7 wt% (91 vol%) Isopropanol (IPA).
Water-Isopropanol (IPA) mixtures have depressed melting points.
It has a slightly bitter taste, and is not safe to drink.
Isopropanol (IPA) becomes increasingly viscous with decreasing temperature.
At temperatures below −70 °C (−94 °F), Isopropanol (IPA) resembles maple syrup in viscosity.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
Appearance: Colorless, volatile liquid
Odor: Sharp, musty (characteristic of rubbing alcohol)
Boiling point: 83 °C
Melting point: −89.5 °C
Flash point: 53 °F (~11.7 °C)
Density:
0.875 g/mL at 25 °C
~6.5 lb/gal
Solubility:
Isopropanol (IPA) is miscible with water, alcohol, ether, and chloroform; insoluble in salt solutions
Vapor:
Heavier than air, mildly irritating to eyes, nose, and throat
Volatility:
Isopropanol (IPA) is high; should be stored in tightly closed containers, away from heat and sunlight
BIOLOGICAL AND NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF OF ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
Small amounts of Isopropanol (IPA) may be produced in the human body, particularly in conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis.
Naturally found in trace amounts in organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear), and Malus pumila (apple).
Isopropanol (IPA) can be produced by gut microbiota in very small amounts.
WHAT ARE ITS PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?
Isopropanol (IPA) is a colorless flammable and organic compound.
Isopropanol (IPA) mixes well with many solvents including water.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a volatile chemical.
Isopropanol (IPA)'s vapors are heavier than air.
Isopropanol (IPA) can have a mild irritating effect on the eyes, nose and throat.
Isopropanol (IPA)'s boiling point is 83 ∘C.
Isopropanol (IPA)'s melting point is −89.5 ∘C.
Isopropanol (IPA) is miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform in terms of solubility, but it is a chemical that does not dissolve in salt solution.
Isopropanol (IPA) density is known as 0.875 gr/mlt at 25 ∘C.
Isopropanol (IPA) should be stored in closed containers for stability, there may be a loss due to volatility.
Isopropanol (IPA) should be kept away from heat and direct sunlight.
Isopropanol (IPA) is a volatile, colorless liquid with a sharp musty odor like rubbing alcohol.
Flash point of Isopropanol (IPA) is 53 ∘F.
Isopropanol (IPA)'s vapors are heavier than air and mildly irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat.
Density of Isopropanol (IPA) approximately is 6.5 lb / gal.
Isopropanol (IPA) is used in making cosmetics, skin and hair preparations, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, lacquer formulations, dye solutions, antifreezes, soaps, window cleaners.
HISTORY OF OF ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) was first synthesized by the chemist Alexander William Williamson in 1853.
He achieved this by heating a mixture of propene and sulfuric acid.
Standard Oil produced Isopropanol (IPA) by hydrating propene.
Isopropanol (IPA) was oxidized to acetone for the preparation of cordite, a smokeless, low explosive propellant.
PRODUCTION OF OF ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
In 1994, 1.5 million tonnes of Isopropanol (IPA) were produced in the United States, Europe, and Japan.
Isopropanol (IPA) is primarily produced by combining water and propene in a hydration reaction or by hydrogenating acetone.
There are two routes for the hydration process and both processes require that the Isopropanol (IPA) be separated from water and other by-products by distillation.
Isopropanol (IPA) and water form an azeotrope, and simple distillation gives a material that is 87.9% by mass Isopropanol (IPA) and 12.1% by mass water.
Pure (anhydrous) Isopropanol (IPA) is made by azeotropic distillation of the wet Isopropanol (IPA) using either diisopropyl ether or cyclohexane as azeotroping agents.
BIOLOGICAL OF OF ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
Small amounts of Isopropanol (IPA) are produced in the body in diabetic ketoacidosis.
INDIRECT HYDRATION
Indirect hydration reacts propene with sulfuric acid to form a mixture of sulfate esters.
This process can use low-quality propene, and is predominant in the USA.
These processes give primarily Isopropanol (IPA) rather than 1-propanol, because adding water or sulfuric acid to propene follows Markovnikov's rule.
Subsequent hydrolysis of these esters by steam produces Isopropanol (IPA) by distillation.
Diisopropyl ether is a significant by-product of this process; Isopropanol (IPA) is recycled back to the process and hydrolyzed to give the desired product.
CH₃CH=CH₂ + H₂O
H₂SO₄ → (CH₃)₂CHOH
DIRECT HYDRATION
Direct hydration reacts propene and water, either in gas or liquid phase, at high pressures in the presence of solid or supported acidic catalysts.
This type of process usually requires higher-purity propylene (> 90%).
Direct hydration is more commonly used in Europe.
HYDROGENATION OF ACETONE
Isopropanol (IPA) can be prepared via the hydrogenation of acetone, but this approach involves an extra step compared to the above methods, as acetone is itself normally prepared from propene via the cumene process.
Isopropanol (IPA) cost is primarily driven by raw material cost, and this way is economical when acetone is cheaper than propylene as a byproduct of phenol production (the coexistence of two ways on most markets allows them to balance the prices).
A known issue is the formation of MIBK and other self-condensation products.
Raney nickel was one of the original industrial catalysts, modern catalysts are often supported bimetallic materials.
PROPERTIES OF OF ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) is miscible in water, ethanol, and chloroform, as it is an organic polar molecule.
Isopropanol (IPA) dissolves ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, many oils, alkaloids, and natural resins.
Unlike ethanol or methanol, Isopropanol (IPA) is not miscible with salt solutions and can be separated from aqueous solutions by adding a salt such as sodium chloride.
The process is colloquially called salting out, and causes concentrated Isopropanol (IPA) to separate into a distinct layer.
Isopropanol (IPA) forms an azeotrope with water, which gives a boiling point of 80.37 °C (176.67 °F) and a composition of 87.7% by mass (91% by volume) Isopropanol (IPA).
Isopropanol (IPA) has a slightly bitter taste, and is toxic when ingested.
Isopropanol (IPA) becomes increasingly viscous with decreasing temperature and freezes at −89.5 °C (−129.1 °F).
Mixtures with water have higher freezing points:
99% at −89.5 °C (−129.1 °F)
91% (the azeotrope) at −75.5 °C (−103.9 °F)
70% at −61.7 °C (−79.1 °F)
Isopropanol (IPA) has a maximal absorbance at 205 nm in an ultraviolet-visible spectrum.
REACTIONS OF OF ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
Isopropanol (IPA) can be oxidized to acetone, which is the corresponding ketone.
This can be achieved using oxidizing agents such as chromic acid, or by dehydrogenation of Isopropanol (IPA) over a heated copper catalyst:
(CH₃)₂CHOH → (CH₃)₂CO + H₂
Isopropanol (IPA) is often used as both solvent and hydride source in the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction and other transfer hydrogenation reactions.
Isopropanol (IPA) may be converted to 2-bromopropane using phosphorus tribromide, or dehydrated to propene by heating with sulfuric acid.
Like most alcohols, Isopropanol (IPA) reacts with active metals such as potassium to form alkoxides that are called isopropoxides.
With titanium tetrachloride, Isopropanol (IPA) reacts to give titanium isopropoxide:
TiCl₄ + 4(CH₃)₂CHOH → Ti[OCH(CH₃)₂]₄ + 4HCl
This and similar reactions are often conducted in the presence of base.
The reaction with aluminium is initiated by a trace of mercury to give aluminium isopropoxide.
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
CAS Number: 67-63-0
EC / EINECS Number: 200-661-7
PubChem CID: 3776
ChemSpider ID: 3644
Molecular Formula: C3H8O
Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol
Chemical formula: C3H8O
Molar mass: 60.096 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Pungent alcoholic odor
Density: 0.786 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Melting point: −89 °C (−128 °F; 184 K)
Boiling point: 82.6 °C (180.7 °F; 355.8 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible with water
Solubility: Miscible with benzene, chloroform, ethanol, diethyl ether, glycerol;
soluble in acetone
log P: −0.16
Acidity (pKa): 16.5
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −45.794·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.3776
Viscosity: 2.86 cP at 15 °C, 1.96 cP at 25 °C, 1.77 cP at 30 °C
Dipole moment: 1.66 D (gas)
Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol
CAS Number: 67-63-0
EC / EINECS Number: 200-661-7
PubChem CID: 3776
ChemSpider ID: 3644
Molecular Formula: C3H8O
Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol
Chemical formula: C3H8O
Molar mass: 60.096 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Pungent alcoholic odor
Density: 0.786 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Melting point: −89 °C (−128 °F; 184 K)
Boiling point: 82.6 °C (180.7 °F; 355.8 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible with water
Solubility: Miscible with benzene, chloroform, ethanol, diethyl ether,
glycerol; soluble in acetone
log P: −0.16
Acidity (pKa): 16.5
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −45.794·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.3776
Viscosity: 2.86 cP at 15 °C, 1.96 cP at 25 °C, 1.77 cP at 30 °C
Dipole moment: 1.66 D (gas)
Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol
FIRST AID MEASURES of ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
HANDLING and STORAGE of ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ISOPROPANOL (IPA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
