PRODUCTS

K-FLEX PG

K-FLEX PG = 1,2-PROPANEDIOL DIBENZOATE

CAS Number: 19224-26-1
EC Number: 242-894-7
Molecular Formula: C17H16O4 / C6H5CO2CH2CH(CH3)O2CC6H5
MDL number: MFCD00038803

K-Flex PG is a benzoate ester.
K-Flex PG -is 1,2-propylene glycol dibenzoate (PGDB).
K-FLEX PG (propylene glycol dibenzoate) is a grade of dibenzoate designed primarily for use in PVC compositions.
K-Flex PG belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acid esters.

These are ester derivatives of benzoic acid.
K-Flex PG is an algae, metallic, and salmon tasting compound.
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on K-Flex PG.
K-Flex PG is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.

Benzoate plasticizers include dibenzoates and monobenzoates, such as diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DEGDB) and dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (DPGDB) esters that have been used in a wide variety of polymer applications, including in the vinyl industry.
DEGDB is an excellent plasticizer, but due to its high freeze point, blends with DPGDB were also developed to capitalize on the utility and lower cost of DEGDB.
Several years ago a blend of DEGDB, DPGDB and triethylene glycol dibenzoate (TEGDB) was introduced as a high solvating dibenzoate blend.

More recently, a new dibenzoate triblend was introduced as a low VOC plasticizer/coalescent for use in plastisols, adhesives, architectural paint and coatings, and polishes, among other applications.
This triblend, comprising DEGDB, DPGDB and 1,2-propylene glycol dibenzoate (PGDB) in various ratios and sold as K-FLEX 975P, has been found to be very versatile for a variety of applications, based on its broad range of compatibilities with polymers utilized in the coatings industry (for example, in vinyl acrylic, acrylic and styrene acrylic types) and possesses good solvating properties and low volatility.

Its performance properties compare favorably to traditional high solvating phthalate plasticizers as well as traditional benzoate ester plasticizers.
Results set forth herein show the triblend to be a high solvating plasticizer that enhances the performance properties of 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylate esters, such as 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester, commercially available through a number of manufacturers.

Monobenzoate esters known to be useful as plasticizers include: isodecyl benzoate, isononyl benzoate, and 2-ethylhexyl benzoate.
The use of 2-ethylhexyl benzoate in a blend with DEGDB and diethylene glycol monobenzoate is described.
The use of isononyl esters of benzoic acid as film-forming agents in compositions such as emulsion paints, mortars, plasters, adhesives, and varnishes.

The K-Flex dibenzoate plasticiser product line contains a variety of high solvating dibenzoate plasticisers for PVC applications.
K-Flex 850P and K-Flex 975P have found broad utility as fast fusers in numerous applications and have served as tools for formulators to increase fusion speed, compatibility, and performance when switching from traditional phthalates to the less compatible phthalate alternatives.

In addition, the K-Flex plasticisers impart exceptional stain and extraction resistance, especially versus oily solvents.
As little as 15% DOTP can be offset using K-Flex 850P or K-Flex .
The plasticizer of focus is propylene glycol dibenzoate (K-FLEX PG).
When blended with two traditional dibenzoates, it is part of a product called K-FLEX 975P, diethyl phthalate plasticizer.

Diethyl phthalate (C12H14O4), or DEP is a diethyl ester of phthalic acid.
DEP is used as a plasticizer in consumer goods, including plastic packaging films, cosmetics, solvent for fragrances, a surface lubricant in food and pharmaceutical packaging, and in tubing used for medical purposes.
K-FLEX plasticizers optimize manufacturing processes and the properties of end-products.
They are highly compatible with polar polymers in water-based adhesive systems and they improve the film formation of paints and coatings.

In PVC production, the fast-gelling dibenzoates can speed up processes, helping formulators achieve greater efficiency.
K-FLEX plasticizers have become standard plasticizers for adhesive products.
They improve the processability of many polar polymers used in water-based latex and hot-melt adhesives.
They further lower the glass transition temperature of the binder and thus enhance its adhesiveness.

K-FLEX plasticizers are mainly used in protective coatings such as underbody protection and seam sealers.
They are more effective at gelling PVC than common standard plasticizers.
As a result, they allow shorter cycle times or lower processing temperatures, making production more efficient.
In paints and coatings, K-FLEX dibenzoates are excellent at increasing film-formation, even at lower temperatures.

This means that polymers become solid at a certain temperature and no longer flow together, which impairs film-formation.
Plasticizers ensure that this temperature, the so-called minimum film formation temperature, can be reduced.
Thus, these products can even be processed at room temperature.
K-FLEX dibenzoates are the go-to alternative to volatile solvents.

The K-FLEX line of low-volatile coalescing agents is highly compatible with the typical polymeric binders used in these applications, such as acrylates, vinyl and styrene acrylates, polyvinyl acetate and ethylene vinyl acetate.
K-FLEX coalescing agents help produce paints and coatings with a superior surface appearance and high durability.
In order to create a paper surface that could be used in packaging, for example, additives are needed.

They enhance the coating process and improve the resulting products.
K-FLEX products for coating paper and cardboard are safe for use in packaging with food contact.
K-FLEX products provide optimum performance in sealants and joint compounds.
This includes articles based on polyacrylates, polyvinyl acetate, their copolymers and silane-terminated sealants.

For reactive polyurethane applications, low hydroxyl dibenzoates have been developed to ensure consistency in the production of shelf-stable sealants.
In polysulfide sealants, the dibenzoates serve as an alternative to phthalates, which have been used up to now.
K-FLEX dibenzoates are known for their excellent gelling properties in a wide range of polymers, including PVC.

As additional plasticizers, they can supplement moderately-gelling standard plasticizers.
In both cases, this results in lower processing temperatures and/or shorter processing times.
The flexible PVC products produced show better stain resistance and create high wear-proof surfaces.

Typical applications are floor and wall coverings, artificial leather and gloves.
Nail care and depilatory waxes are just some of the personal care products that our additives are used for.
Personal care is one field where our products with a low ecological footprint are truly appreciated.

K-FLEX plasticizers are an excellent phthalate-free solution for formulators looking to satisfy both legislative requirements and consumer demand.
K-FLEX plasticizers offer equal or superior performance over other recognized plasticizers and coalescents in a wide range of applications including adhesives, caulks, sealants, coatings, and vinyl/plastisol applications

USES and APPLICATIONS of K-FLEX PG:
-Paints & Coatings:
*Concrete and Metal Primer:
Recommended, low VOC coalescent for direct-to-metal coatings

*Exterior Latex Paint:
Recommended, low VOC coalescent for exterior latex paints
*Floor Polish:
Recommended, non-phthalate plasticizer for floor polish applications, allowing reduced TBEP loading and improved gloss development between consecutive coats, leveling, recoatability, hardness development, removeability, and resistance to soiling, water spots, and powdering

*Industrial Coatings:
Recommended, low-VOC coalescent for industrial coatings
*Interior Latex Paint:
Recommended, low-VOC coalescent for interior latex paints

*Special Purpose Coatings:
Recommended, low-VOC coalescent for special purpose coatings applications

-Sealant:
Silane Modified Polymer Sealants:
Highly recommended, low VOC plasticizer for silane-modified polymer sealants

-Vinyl:
*PVC Melt Compounding:
Effective, high solvating plasticizer for PVC melt compounding

*Plastisol Consumer Products:
Effective, high solvating plasticizer used in plastisol consumer products
*Plastisol Flooring:
Effective, high solvating plasticizer used in plastisol flooring

*Plastisol Printing:
Effective, high solvating plasticizer used in plastisol printing applications

-K-Flex PG is a very high solvator for vinyl so K-Flex PG is particularly useful in blends of plasticizers to allow the tailoring of performance characteristics.
-K-Flex PG imparts outstanding stain resistance in vinyl compositions as well as excellent durability properties.

-In addition to PVC, K-Flex PG can be used in the following areas:
*Latex adhesives
*Latex caulks and sealants
*Latex coatings
*Sealants

-In adhesives, K-Flex PG performs well although it is not as efficient as other dibenzoates.
This is an attribute that allows for higher plasticizer loading without degrading the desired performance.
-K-Flex PG is also compatible with coating polymers and is lower in VOC than some traditional phthalate plasticizers.
K-Flex PG is highly polar – this indicates a large potential for use in most polar polymers.

-K-Flex PG acts as plasticizer.
-Imparts outstanding stain resistance in vinyl compositions as well as excellent durability properties.
-K-Flex PG is designed primarily for use in PVC compositions.
-K-Flex PG acts as a very good solvator for vinyls.

-Particularly useful in blends of plasticizers to allow the tailoring of performance characteristics.
-K-Flex PG is a dibenzoate plasticizer and low-VOC coalescent.
-K-Flex PG is a very high solvator for flexible vinyl, making it particularly useful in plasticizer blends.
-K-Flex PG enables formulators to close the performance gap with phthalates such as DINP when K-Flex PG is used in blends with non-phthalate GP types, such as DOTP.

-K-Flex PG imparts outstanding stain resistance, extraction resistance, and durability in PVC applications, including plastisols (pastes) and melt compounding.
-Manufacturers benefit from improved production efficiency and economy due to fast fusion and dry times and the possibility to reduce expensive copolymer levels.
-In coatings, K-Flex PG is growing in value due to K-Flex PG's excellent chemistry and regulatory profile.

-Additionally, K-Flex PG can be used at higher loading levels in waterborne adhesives without degrading performance.
-Like K-FLEX DP, K-Flex PG has an extremely low freeze point, which results in easier handling.
-However, K-Flex PG offers improved economy.
-K-Flex PG also has no GHS label requirements in the U.S. and Europe.

-K-Flex PG (propylene glycol dibenzoate) is a grade of dibenzoate designed primarily for use in PVC compositions.
-K-Flex PG is a very high solvator for vinyl so it is particularly useful in blends of plasticizers to allow the tailoring of performance characteristics.
-K-Flex PG imparts outstanding stain resistance in vinyl compositions as well as excellent durability properties.

-K-Flex PG is based on PGDB and specifically designed for vinyl applications.
A very high solvator making it particularly useful in blends of plasticizers to tailor characteristics and end-performance.
-K-Flex PG propylene glycol dibenzoate is designed primarily for use in PVC compositions.
-K-Flex PG imparts outstanding stain resistance and durability in vinyl applications and can be used in adhesives at higher loading levels without degrading performance.

-K-Flex PG offers an excellent chemistry and regulatory profile and has no GHS label requirements in the U.S. and Europe.
-Like K-FLEX DP, K-Flex PG has an extremely low freeze point, which results in easier handling.
However, K-Flex PG offers improved economy.
-K-Flex PG, primarily designed for use in PVC compositions, in vinyl applications K-Flex PG exhibits excellent stain resistance and durability and can be applied at higher loading levels adhesive without reducing its performance.

-A very high solvator making K-Flex PG particularly useful in blends of plasticizers to tailor characteristics and end-performance.
-K-Flex PG has excellent stain resistance & durability.
-Cosmetic Uses: skin conditioning
-K-Flex PG is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

-K-Flex PG is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, cosmetics and personal care products, coating products, inks and toners and polymers.
-Other release to the environment of K-Flex PG is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

-K-FLEX produces flexible elastomeric foam, polyethylene and mineral wool insulating pipes and sheets.
Self-adhesive versions are also available.
A variety of product types, from tubing to flat sheeting, is available with specific technical characteristics for individual applications.

Whenever applied outdoors K-FLEX products must be covered or clad for UV and wheater protection (e.g. Aluminum, steel, K-FLEX AL CLAD, K-FLEX IC CLAD or K-FLEX IN CLAD)
Where the tubing has to be cut for applications purposes, its thermal insulating characteristics are maintained using the proper K-FLEX glue.
With large diameter pipes or conduits, insulation is carried out using elastomeric sheets cut to size.

-K-FLEX recommends that fitting has to be carried out to the highest possible standards to optimise the insulation effectiveness
-K-FLEX ADHESIVES:
K-FLEX provides different types of adhesive:
K-414 for the most common civil application K-420 recomended for high performance insulation in both civil and oil&gas project K-425 recomended for high temperature insulation with SOLAR HT insulation product.

-K-FLEX THINNER:
It is recommended that surfaces to be insulated should first be cleaned with K-FLEX thinner, which is suitable for use with K-FLEX glue.
The glue will adhere perfectly to surfaces cleaned with the proprietory thinner.
K-FLEX thinner can also be used to clean tools (brush, spatula, etc.).

-K-FLEX FINISH:
K-FLEX finish is an acrylic paint that can be diluted in water to protect insulation both indoors and outdoors.
The paint is environmentally safe and odorless, making it particularly suitable for use in confined spaces.
It gives a professional, durable finish.

It dries rapidly, and provides excellent coverage.
When used as a primer, subsequent layers of white paint retain their color even in dark surroundings.
Colors are fade resistant.

-K90 ELBOWS and “TEES”:
A useful accessories pre-cut in the thickness and diameter required.
-K-FLEX INSULATED PIPE SUPPORTS:
Specifically designed to ensure that thickness of the insulating material is absolutely correct, especially in the fixing points.

-K-FLEX ADHESIVE INSULATING TAPE:
Special, 3mm thick, selfadhesive, 5 cm wide insulating tape for covering gaps or sealing insulated sections.
-K-FLEX GLUE DISPENSER:
It facilitates the glueing of the surface avoiding the continuous dipping of the brush in the can.
The controlled flow of the adhesive allows proper and regular quantity on the surface to glue.

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of K-FLEX PG:
*Benzoyl derivatives
*Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Organooxygen compounds
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives

SUBSTITUENTS of K-FLEX PG:
*Benzoate ester
*Benzoyl
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of K-FLEX PG:
Color (APHA): 140
Density, ASTM D1475, 25°C g/ml: 1.14
Density, ASTM D1475 ,25°C lbs/gal: 9.5
Flash Point, ASTM D92, °C: 193
Glass Point, by DSC, °C: -50
Moisture Content, %: 0.02
Refractive Index, 25°C: 1.5408
Solidification Point, °C: -30

Solubility, in water, %: 0.005
Solubility, water in %: 0.8
Solubility Parameter, Small’s Hildebrands: 9.8
Specific Gravity, 25/25°C: 1.14
Surface Tension, ASTM D1331, 25°C, dynes/cm: 43.5
Vapor Pressure, 25°C (extrapolated), mmHg: 3.55×10-4
Viscosity, Brookfield RVT, 20 RPMs at 25°C, cps and mPa.S: 81
Viscosity, Kinematic, 25°C, cSt: 71
VOC, ASTM D2369, %: 5.8

Physical state: Liquid
Colour: Colorless to pale yellow
Odour: Slight aromatic
Odour threshold: Not Available
Melting point/Freezing point: -21°C (-5.8°F)
Boiling point °C: Decomposes before boiling >295°C
Boiling point °F: Decomposes before boiling >563°F
Flammability: Not flammable
Lower and upper explosion limit:
LEL: Not Available
UEL: Not Available

Flash point: 138 °C (280 °F) Pensky-Marten Closed Cup
Auto-ignition temperature: >400°C (>752°F)
Decomposition temperature: Not Available
pH: Not Available
Kinematic viscosity: 71 mm2/s @ 25°C
Solubility in water: Slight
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water (log value): 3.9 @ 25°C (OECD 117)
Vapour pressure: <0.1 mm Hg @ 20°C; 0.06 Pa @ 25°C
Density and/or relative density: 1.14
Relative vapour density: Heavier than air

Particle characteristics: Not Applicable
% Volatile by weight: 5.8%
VOC: 5.8% ASTM D2369
Surface tension: 43.5 dynes/cm @25°C (ASTM D1331)
Amounts specified are typical and do not represent a specification.
Other information:
Information with regard to physical hazard classes:
Explosive properties: Not explosive
Oxidising properties: Not oxidizing
Other safety characteristics:
Evaporation rate: Slower than n-butyl acetate

Molecular Weight: 284.31
XLogP3-AA: 3.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 7
Exact Mass: 284.10485899
Monoisotopic Mass: 284.10485899
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 21

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 341
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 96.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.15700 to 1.16300 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 9.627 to 9.677
Refractive Index: 1.54200 to 1.54700 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -3.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 232.00 °C. @ 12.00 mm Hg

Acid Value: 1.00 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure: 0.000003 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 235.00 °F. TCC ( 112.78 °C. )
logP (o/w): 4.257 (est)
Shelf Life: 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage: store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 9.825 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in: water

Water Solubility: 0.0086 g/L
logP: 3.56
logP: 4.2
logS: -4.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -6.6
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 52.6 Å²
Rotatable Bond Count: 7

Refractivity: 78.62 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 29.8 Å³
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

FIRST AID MEASURES of K-FLEX PG:
-Description of first aid measures:
*Eye contact:
Any material that contacts the eye should be washed out immediately with water.
Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

*Skin contact:
Wash the affected area thoroughly with plenty of soap and water.
Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

*Inhalation:
If affected, remove to fresh air.
Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

*Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse out the mouth with water.
Get medical attention immediately.

*Protection of first aid responders:
Wear proper personal protective clothing and equipment.

-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
Treat symptomatically.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of K-FLEX PG:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not flush liquid into public sewer, water systems or surface waters.

-Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:
Wear proper personal protective clothing and equipment.
Absorb spill with an inert material.
Change contaminated clothing and launder before reuse.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of K-FLEX PG:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable:
Use water spray, ABC dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide.
Water or foam may cause frothing.
Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
Water spray may be used to flush spills away from exposures.

*Unsuitable:
None known.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of K-FLEX PG:
-Exposure controls:
--Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Wear eye protection.

*Skin and body protection:
Use good laboratory/workplace procedures including personal protective clothing:
labcoat, safety glasses and protective gloves.

*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not needed with proper ventilation.

*Further information:
Eyewash fountains and safety showers are recommended in the work area.

HANDLING and STORAGE of K-FLEX PG:
-Precautions for safe handling:
As with any chemical product, use good laboratory/workplace procedures.
Wash thoroughly after handling this product.
Always wash up before eating, smoking or using the facilities.
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store cool and dry, under well-ventilated conditions.
Do not store in open, unlabeled or mislabeled containers.
Keep container closed when not in use.
Do not reuse empty container without commercial cleaning or reconditioning.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of K-FLEX PG:
-Reactivity:
None known.

-Chemical stability:
This product is stable.

-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
Hazardous polymerization will not occur.

SYNONYMS:
Propane-1,2-diyl dibenzoate
Propylene glycol dibenzoate
1,2-PROPANEDIOL DIBENZOATE
propane-1,2-diyl dibenzoate
Propylene glycol dibenzoate
1,2-PROPANEDIOL DIBENZOATE 96%
Bis(benzoic acid)propane-1,2-diyl ester
Propylene glycol dibenzoate
1,2-Propanediol dibenzoate
1,2-Propanediol, dibenzoate
Propane-1,2-diyl dibenzoate
1,2-Propanediol, 1,2-dibenzoate
2-benzoyloxypropyl benzoate
2-(Benzoyloxy)propyl benzoate
Propyleneglycol dibenzoate
DL-Propylene glycol dibenzoate
1-(benzoyloxy)propan-2-yl benzoate
FEMA No. 3419
propane-1,2-diyldibenzoate
DSSTox_CID_7802
DSSTox_RID_78572
DSSTox_GSID_27802
SCHEMBL227395
CHEMBL3184408
DTXSID0027802
FEMA 3419
CHEBI:174714
Tox21_201183
AKOS015889105
NCGC00248949-01
NCGC00258735-01
AS-76205
DB-044787
CS-0245408
FT-0637810
D92948
Q27277317
Z1310677516
2-benzoyloxypropylbenzoate
1,2-PROPANEDIOL DIBENZOATE
Propylene glycol dibenzoate
propane-1,2-diyl dibenzoate
1,2-PROPANEDIOL DIBENZOATE 96%
1,2-Propanediol,1,2-dibenzoate
Bis(benzoic acid)propane-1,2-diyl ester
(±)-1,2-Propanediol dibenzoate
1,2-Propanediol dibenzoate
1,2-Propanediol, 1,2-dibenzoate
1,2-Propanediol, dibenzoate
1-(Benzoyloxy)propan-2-yl benzoic acid
DL-Propylene glycol dibenzoate
DL-Propylene glycol dibenzoic acid
FEMA 3419
Propane-1,2-diyl dibenzoate
Propylene glycol dibenzoate