KATHON 893

KATHON 893 is a biocide metalworking fluid fungicide for water-based cutting fluids.

Soluble, synthetic, and semi-synthetic metalworking fluids or coolants provide an excellent environment for the growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria, mold, and yeast. 
If allowed to grow, these organisms can have detrimental effects on the fluids. 
For example, bacteria, which can grow very quickly, can destroy the integrity of the fluid by discoloration, destroying lubricity characteristics, and causing emulsions to split. 

Bacteria can also reduce the pH of the fluid, which can promote corrosion. 
Some forms of bacteria have objectionable odors. 

Fungi typically grow more slowly than bacteria, but can form large masses which clog filters and lines and in some cases lead to system shutdown; fungi also generate foul odors and can cause corrosion. 
The increased use of synthetic fluids over the past few years has led to an even greater need for the enhanced fungal control that KATHON 893 biocide can provide. 

For Tankside and Concentrate KATHON 893 biocide is a broad-spectrum fungicide that has been recommended and widely used for tankside control of fungi in metalworking central systems. 
KATHON 893 is also an effective fungicide for use in many metalworking fluid concentrates with the appropriate stabilizer package. 
Due to the wide variations in metalworking fluid formulations, laboratory or small-scale tests are recommended to evaluate KATHON 893 in usedilution and concentrate metalworking fluids before they are commercialized.

KATHON 893 is a highly effective, industrial fungicide that exhibits excellent fungistatic and fungicidal activity against fungi, including yeasts and mold, and Gram-Positive bacteria, and limited activity against Gram-Negative bacteria. 
Commonly known as octhilinone, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is the active ingredient of KATHON 893. 

KATHON 893 is supplied as a 45 percent active liquid in propylene glycol. 
The information in this brochure has been compiled to familiarize the reader with KATHON 893 technology, to communicate the tremendous benefits of this product, and to provide directions for safe and efficient use of the product. 
By following the precautions outlined in this brochure, on the product label, and on the Dow Safety Data Sheet (SDS), KATHON 893 can be safely handled.

This product is a powerful fungicidal compound, which can be used as an additive in aqueous metalworking fluids. 
KATHON 893 offers excellent anti-fungal protection at use rates of 55 to 170 ppm on a post-addition basis. 
KATHON 893 is also compatible with KATHON 886 MW.

The solubility of KATHON 893 in toluene is 25% w/v. 
The solubility of KATHON 893 in water at 25°C is 480 ppm (active ingredient), although this may be increased by using suitable surfactants and emulsifiers. 
KATHON 893 is insoluble in heptane. 

Compatibility In concentrate and use-dilution metalworking fluids, the compatibility of KATHON 893 is concentration-dependent and varies from formulation to formulation. 
KATHON 893 is compatible with most metalworking fluid additives, including surfactants and amines. 

Compatibility with amines may vary by the type, concentration and pH. 
Strong reducing agents, such as sulfides, mercaptans, bisulfites and metabisulfites, or strong oxidizing agents, such as hypochlorites, may affect the efficacy of KATHON 893.

Laboratory or small-scale tests are recommended in order to evaluate KATHON 893 compatibility in use-dilution or concentrate metalworking fluids prior to commercialization. 
KATHON 893 is compatible with most other metalworking fluid biocides, including KATHON 886 and KATHON CC (methylchlorosiothiazolone), KORDEK LX5000 (methylisothiazolone), ROCIMA BT 2S biocides (benzisothiazolone), triazine and formaldehyde-releasers, IPBC (iodopropynylbutylcarbamate) and sodium Pyrithione. 

Stability In-Use Stability: 
KATHON 893 has excellent stability in end use dilutions of metalworking fluids. 
KATHON 893 is stable over a wide pH range (4-10) in water and in metalworking fluid systems. 

Concentrate Stability: 
KATHON 893 stability, in metalworking fluid concentrates, is variable.

General Practices When Using KATHON Biocides:
Know the size of your system and dose at the recommended use levels. 
To improve performance and longevity, add KATHON 893 on the clean side of the filters. 
KATHON 893 may be necessary to occasionally add KATHON 893 to the dirty side of the filters if large populations of microorganisms are detected there. 

Minimize contamination: – Eliminate or minimize dead spots – Disconnect unused portions of the system – Do not throw trash in sumps 
Always remember to triple rinse (or equivalent) empty containers to avoid incidental contact. 
Post placard with safety information and deactivation protocol near biocide handling area. 

Additional guidelines for maximizing the performance of KATHON 893 are as follows: 
KATHON 893 stability and performance is improved with lower pH. 

Whenever possible, maintain the pH of system below pH 9.2. 
Lower pH also makes amines and amine-containing compounds less aggressive. 

For systems with pH greater than 9.5, we strongly recommend determination of biological efficacy and chemical stability prior to use. 
Avoid adding highly basic additives (alkaline materials with pH of 10-12) immediately prior to or after adding KATHON 893 to your system. 

If a highly basic additive must be added, allow sufficient time (at least 30 minutes) between additions. 
Minimize levels of diethanolamine (DEA) in your system. 

If possible use 99% triethanolamine (TEA) or monoethanolamine (MEA) instead of DEA, and use these at as low a level as possible. 
Always add KATHON 893 directly to the metalworking fluid sump. 

Never use KATHON 893 in a spray bottle. 
Avoid charging KATHON 893 in high temperature zones, since increasing temperatures accelerate other degradation effects. 

Ideally, add KATHON 893 to the fluid below 60°C (140°F). 
Avoid adding KATHON 893 and incompatible corrosion inhibitors directly to the tank at the same time. 

How Does KATHON 893 Work? 
KATHON 893 utilizes a two-step mechanism involving rapid growth inhibition leading to a loss of cell viability. 
Growth inhibition is the result of rapid disruption of the central metabolic pathways of the cell by inhibition of several specific enzymes, including dehydrogenases. 

The critical enzymes which are affected are associated with the Krebs cycle, nutrient metabolism and energy generation. 
The key physiological activities that are rapidly inhibited in microbial cells are respiration (oxygen consumption), energy generation (ATP synthesis), and growth (assimilation). 

Many of these key enzymes are present in both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, which explains why KATHON 893 is such a broad spectrum biocide. 
Inhibition of cellular activity and growth is rapid (within minutes), whereas cell death (cidal activity) is observed after several hours’ contact. 

In general, the higher the concentration of biocide, the shorter the contact time required for more complete kill. 
Cell death results from the progressive loss of protein thiols in the cell from one of multiple pathways. 

As cell metabolism is disrupted, free radicals are produced which also results in cell death. 
This unique mechanism results in the broad spectrum of activity of KATHON 893, low use levels for microbial control, and difficulty in attaining resistance by mutation. 
See technical bulletin (CS-632) for more detailed information. 

How Rapidly Does KATHON 893 Work? 
Within minutes after addition of KATHON 893 to a metalworking fluid sump, the metabolic activity of the microorganisms in the system shuts down. 
This includes cellular respiration (oxygen uptake), growth, energy generation, and nutrient uptake. 

The microorganisms, although still alive, are no longer able to reproduce or metabolize metalworking fluid components. 
After 24 to 48 hours of contact with a lethal dose of the biocide, most of the microorganisms have been killed. 

How Long Does KATHON 893 Last? 
KATHON 893 has excellent in-use stability and generally retains KATHON 893 antimicrobial efficacy in metalworking fluid systems for 2 to 4 weeks. 
Variables such as degree of fluid contamination, effectiveness of the filtration system, system turnover time, compatibility between the microbicide and the metalworking fluid components, and other system additives involved, can affect the life of the microbicide in a system. 

Uses of KATHON 893:
Preservative in leather
Paint manufacturing
Bactericide
Biocide

Fungicide in:
Adhesives
Decorative wood stains
Pulp
Water-based Paints
Sealants
Additive in refinery oil
Cutting oils
Wallpaper adhesive, etc.
Cosmetics
Shampoos
Wood
Wound protectant for pruning cuts

Storage Stability of KATHON 893:
In general, the storage stability of the KATHON 893 product is excellent. 
The shelf life of KATHON 893 is nominally twelve years at 25°C. 

Storage and Handling of KATHON 893:
The expected shelf life for KATHON 893 is 2 years under normal storage conditions. 
KATHON 893, like most chemicals, should be stored out of direct sun light in an area where the temperature is between 40ºF (4.4ºC) and 110ºF (43ºC).

Safety Data of KATHON 893:
KATHON 893 is very hazardous and proper handling and storage is critical. 
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. 
Prior to using KATHON 893, please consult the Material Safety Data Sheet for instructions regarding safe handling

Properties of KATHON 893:
They are not to be considered product specifications. 
Appearance: Yellow to amber liquid 
Color (VCS):  8 max. 
Mildly sweet Specific gravity @ 24°C: 1.03 
Flash point°C (Pensky Martens Closed Cup): 93 
Viscosity Brookfield @ 20°C, cps: 40 
Melting point°C: -40 
Boiling point°C: 188 
Vapor pressure, active ingredient @ 25°C: 3.7 x 10-5 torr 
Solubility The solubility data provided below were determined at ambient temperatures (20 to 25°C). 
The solubility and stability of the active ingredient may be affected when the temperature is lowered to 0°C or increased to 60°C. 

Potential cross-reacting/co-reacting substances:
Benz-isothiazolinine
Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI)
OIT
2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
2-octylisothiazole-3(2H)-one
NOIT
2-Octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
2-octyl-3-isothiazolon
2-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
Isothiazolone, 2-octyl-
Kathon
Kathon 893
Kathon lp preservative
Kathon sp 70
Microbicide M-8
Micro-chek 11
Micro-chek 11d
Micro-chek skane
Octhilinone
Octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
Pancil
pancil-t
RH 893
Skane M-8
Skane hq

Names of KATHON 893:

CAS names of KATHON 893:
3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-octyl-

IUPAC names of KATHON 893:
2-N-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on
2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolinone-3-one
2-octil-2H-isotiazol-3-ona
2-octyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one
2-octyl-2,3-dihydro-1,2-thiazol-3-one
2-octyl-2,3-dihydro-1,2-thiazol-3-one
2-Octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
2-octyl-2h-isothiazol-3-one
2-octylisothiazol-3(2H)-one
octhilinone (ISO)
Octylisothiazolinone

Other names of KATHON 893:
Skane M-8
Kathon 893
2 Octyl-4 isothiazolin-3-one
2-Octyl-3 (2H)-isothiazolone
Octhilinone

Synonyms of KATHON 893:
OIT
OIT 45 %
Octhilinone
26530-20-1
2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2-octylisothiazol-3(2H)-one
2-Octyl-3-isothiazolone
Pancil
2-Octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-octyl-
Kathon 893
2-Octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
Skane 8
Skane M-8
Kathon 893F
Micro-chek skane
Kathon LM
Microbicide M-8
2-octyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one
Micro-chek 11
Micro-chek 11D
Kathon SP 70
Kathon LP preservative
Kathon 4200
4-Isothiazolin-3-one, 2-octyl-
UNII-4LFS24GD0V
Octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
RH 893
2-Octyl-3-isothioazolone
2-Octyl-3-isothiazolinone
Octyl-4-isothiazol-3-one
2-n-Octyl-3-isothiazolone
4LFS24GD0V
MLS002415697
CHEBI:81936
SMR001370885
DSSTox_CID_5805
Pancil-T
DSSTox_RID_77928
DSSTox_GSID_25805
Skane M8
Caswell No. 613C
Kathon
Vinylzene IT 3000DIDP
CAS-26530-20-1
Octhilinone
CCRIS 6082
EINECS 247-761-7
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 099901
BRN 1211137
C11H19NOS
Pancil T
2-octyl-1,2-thiazol-3(2H)-one
Skane M 8
ACMC-1CDE4
Vinyzene IT 3000DIDP
SCHEMBL15648
cid_33528
KSC163A4D
SCHEMBL396433
CHEMBL1562104
DTXSID1025805
BDBM66023
HSDB 6713
KS-00000ZYZ
2-Octyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-Ketone
ZINC2012904
Tox21_201459
Tox21_300566
ANW-26014
MFCD00072473
RH-893
AKOS015897428
NCGC00091875-01
NCGC00091875-02
NCGC00091875-03
NCGC00091875-04
NCGC00091875-05
NCGC00254466-01
NCGC00259010-01
AS-11894
Octhilinone 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
2-Octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone, Octhilinone
DB-028182
FT-0613248
O0343
O0378
C18752
K-6861
530O201
Q2013949
W-107168
2-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
octhilinone
2-octyl-1,2-thiazol-3(2H)-one
2-octyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one
2-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
3(2H)-isothiazolone, 2-octyl-
2-Octyl-3-isothiazolinone
2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
2-Octyl-3-isothiazolone
Octyl-4-isothiazol-3-one
Octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
2-Octyl-3-isothioazolone
2-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2-Octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one