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Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is a medium molecular weight homopolymer polyvinyl chloride.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is produced microsuspension polymerisation process and used to prepare plastisol pastes.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is a multipurpose resin which gives a very fluid plastisol and provides glossy surface finish.
CAS: 9002-86-2
MF: (C2H3Cl)x
MW: 62.5
EINECS: 618-338-8
Synonyms
scon5300;sicron;sicron530;Tevilon;Thermovyl;tk1000;tocrylc440;trovidurn
Generally used in compact applications, Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is specially recommended for low (or very low) plasticised applications or highly filled formulations.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302's good fogging characteristics make it suitable for automotive fabric coating.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is a good flow, plasticized, good gloss, fine particle size polyvinylchloride (PVC) available in paste form.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is designed for use in sealants.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302, commonly abbreviated PVC, is the thirdmost widely produced plastic, after polyethylene and polypropylene.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is used in construction because it is more effective than traditional materials such as copper, iron or wood in pipe and profile applications.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates.
In this form, Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is also used in clothing and upholstery, electrical cable insulation, inflatable products and many applications in which it replaces rubber.
A polymer composed of repeating chloroethyl units.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is a polymer which is mostly prepared from vinyl chloride monomer.
In most cases Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is mixed with heat stabilizers, lubricants, plasticizers, fillers, and other additives.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 170-195 °C (decomp)
Boiling point: 0.100 °C
density: 1.4 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Tg: 85
refractive index: n 1.54
Fp: 736
storage temp.: 2-8°C
form: powder
Specific Gravity: 1.385
color: White to Off-White
Dielectric constant: 3.4（Ambient）
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: FILM FORMING
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H3Cl/c1-2-3/h2H,1H2
InChIKey: BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Surface tension: 41.5mN/m at 20°C
CAS DataBase Reference: 9002-86-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: poly(vinyl chloride)(9002-86-2)
IARC: 3 (Vol. 19, Sup 7) 1987
EPA Substance Registry System: Lacovyl PVC PB1302 (9002-86-2)
Commercial products are soft when the chlorine content is 28–38%.
At more than 45% chlorine content, the material resembles Lacovyl PVC PB1302.
Higher-molecular-weight polyethylene yields a chlorinated polyethylene that has both high viscosity and tensile strength.
Peroxide- or thiadiazole-cured CPE exhibits good thermal stability up to 150°C and is much more oil resistant than nonpolar elastomers such as natural rubber or EPDFM.
Physical properties
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is a thermoplastic polymer.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302's properties for PVC are usually categorized based on rigid and flexible PVCs.
Mechanical properties
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 has high hardness and mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties enhance with the molecular weight increasing, but decrease with the temperature increasing.
The mechanical properties of rigid Lacovyl PVC PB1302is very good, the elastic modulus can reach to 1500-3,000 MPa.
The soft Lacovyl PVC PB1302 elastic is 1.5- 15 MPa.
However, elongation at break is up to 200% -450%. PVC friction is ordinary, the static friction factor is 0.4-0.5, the dynamic friction factor is 0.23.
Thermal properties
The heat stability of Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is very poor, when the temperature reaches 140 °C PVC starts to decompose.
Its melting temperature is 160 °C.
The linear expansion coefficient of the Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is small and has flame retardancy, the oxidation index is up to 45 or more.
Therefore, the addition of a heat stabilizer during the process is necessary in order to ensure the product's properties.
Electrical properties
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is a polymer with good insulation properties but because of its higher polar nature the electrical insulating property is inferior to non polar polymers such as poly ethylene and poly propylene.
Uses
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 could be useful for the removal epoxidation catalyst from epoxidized unsaturated oils.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302, softened with a plasticizer such as esters, is used for making vinyl leather (used for handbags, briefcases, and inexpensive shoes), plastic raincoats, shower curtains, garden hoses, floor covering, and automobile upholstery.
Rubber substitutes, electric wire and cable-coverings, pliable thin sheeting, film finishes for textiles, non-flammable upholstery, raincoats, tubing, belting, gaskets, shoe soles.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302's relatively low cost, biological and chemical resistance and workability have resulted in it being used for a wide variety of applications.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is used for sewerage pipes and other pipe applications where cost or vulnerability to corrosion limit the use of metal.
With the addition of impact modifiers and stabilizers, Lacovyl PVC PB1302 has become a popular material for window and door frames.
By adding plasticizers, Lacovyl PVC PB1302 can become flexible enough to be used in cabling applications as a wire insulator.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 has been used in many other applications.
Pipes
Roughly half of the world's Lacovyl PVC PB1302 resin manufactured annually is used for producing pipes for municipal and industrial applications.
In the water distribution market it accounts for 66 % of the market in the US, and in sanitary sewer pipe applications, it accounts for 75%.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302's light weight, low cost, and low maintenance make it attractive.
However, it must be carefully installed and bedded to ensure longitudinal cracking and overbelling does not occur.
Additionally, Lacovyl PVC PB1302 pipes can be fused together using various solvent cements, or heat-fused (butt-fusion process, similar to joining HDPE pipe), creating permanent joints that are virtually impervious to leakage.
Electric cables
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is commonly used as the insulation on electrical cables; PVC used for this purpose needs to be plasticized.
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) for construction
Lacovyl PVC PB1302, also known as rigid PVC, is extensively used in the building industry as a low-maintenance material, particularly in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and in the United States.
In the USA Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is known as vinyl, or vinyl siding.
The material comes in a range of colors and finishes, including a photo - effect wood finish, and is used as a substitute for painted wood, mostly for window frames and sills when installing double glazing in new buildings, or to replace older single-glazed windows.
Other uses include fascia, and siding or weatherboarding.
This material has almost entirely replaced the use of cast iron for plumbing and drainage, being used for waste pipes, drainpipes, gutters and downspouts.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 does not contain phthalates, since those are only added to flexible PVC, nor does it contain BPA.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is known as having strong resistance against chemicals, sunlight, and oxidation from water.
Clothing and furniture
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 has become widely used in clothing, to either create a leather-like material or at times simply for the effect of PVC.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 clothing is common in Goth, Punk, clothing fetish and alternative fashions.
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is cheaper than rubber, leather, and latex which it is therefore used to simulate.
Healthcare
The two main application areas for medically approved Lacovyl PVC PB1302 compounds are flexible containers and tubing: containers used for blood and blood components for urine or for ostomy products and tubing used for blood taking and blood giving sets, catheters, heartlung bypass sets, haemodialysis set etc.
In Europe the consumption of V for medical devices is approximately 85.000 tons every year.
Almost one third of plastic based medical devices are made from PVC.
Flooring
Flexible Lacovyl PVC PB1302 flooring is inexpensive and used in a variety of buildings covering the home, hospitals, offices, schools, etc.
Complex and 3D designs are possible due to the prints that can be created which are then protected by a clear wear layer.
A middle vinyl foam layer also gives a comfortable and safe feel.
The smooth, tough surface of the upper wear layer prevents the build up of dirt which prevents microbes from breeding in areas that need to be kept sterile, such as hospitals and clinics.
Other applications
PVC has been used for a host of consumer products of relatively smaller volume compared to the industrial and commercial applications described above.
Another of its earliest mass-market consumer applications was to make vinyl records.
More recent examples include wallcovering, greenhouses, home playgrounds, foam and other toys, custom truck toppers (tarpaulins), ceiling tiles and other kinds of interior cladding.
Production Methods
In chlorinating polyethylene, chlorine atoms substitute for hydrogen atoms of the polyethylene chain in both crystalline and amorphous regions.
The most common chlorination method is treating polyethylene powder in an aqueous suspension that contains hydrochloric acid and a free-radical initiator with chlorine gas.
After the desired level of chlorination is obtained, the CPE is water washed and dried, and an antiblocking agent is then added.
Preparation
In commercial practice, Lacovyl PVC PB1302 is mainly prepared by suspension polymerization whilst bulk and emulsion polymerization are used to a lesser extent.
The homopolymer is seldom made by solution methods.
(a) Bulk polymerization
The only commercially successful bulk polymerization process for poly(vinyl chloride) is that developed by Pechiney St. Gobain (now Rhone-Poulenc Industries) (France).
This process is conducted in two stages, permitting better control of particle morphology than is possible with a one-stage process.
The first stage is carried out in a stainless steel reactor, jacketed for heating and cooling and fitted with a reflux condenser and high speed agitator.
About half of the monomer required for the final amount of polymer is fed into the reactor together with an acyl peroxide or peroxydicarbonate initiator.
In the first stage, polymerization is carried out at about 60-75°C and 0.5-1.2 MPa (5-12 atmospheres) for a short time (about 20 minutes) to give a conversion of about 8%.
At this point the product consists of small particles of polymer dispersed in liquid monomer (since the polymer is insoluble in the monomer).
The size of the polymer particles is determined principally by the rate of agitation and must be carefully controlled since it affects the final processing properties of the polymer.
A mean particle diameter of about 10-5 cm is usual for the first stage product (pre-polymer). For the second stage of the process, the seed is transferred into a larger reactor, jacketed for heating and cooling and fitted with a reflux condenser and low speed agitator.
Additional monomer is added to the reactor together with a further quantity of initiator such as diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate.
In the second stage, polymerization is carried out at a constant pressure of about 1 MPa (10 atmospheres) while the temperature rises from about 55°C to 75°C.
Reaction proceeds for 3-5 hours until a conversion of about 80% is reached.
At this point the product is in the form of a powder containing absorbed monomer.
Unreacted monomer is distilled off and recycled and the remaining product is degassed in vacuo using steam or nitrogen as a carrier.
The final product consists of particles (about 10-2 cm in diameter) which are agglomerates of smaller particles (about 10-4 cm in diameter).
(b) Suspension polymerization
The principal characteristics of suspension polymerization have been described in the previous discussion of polystyrene.
Typically, the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride is carried out batch-wise in a stirred reactor, jacketed for heating and cooling.
The reactor is also connected to a vacuum line.
(c) Emulsion polymerization
Lacovyl PVC PB1302 prepared by emulsion techniques contains soap residues and, as a result, the heat and colour stabilities and the electrical insulation properties are rather poor compared to those of suspension polymer.
Nevertheless, emulsion polymer is manufactured for pastes which find use in noncritical applications.
There is also some direct use of poly(vinyl chloride) latices for coating and impregnating paper and textiles.
Emulsion polymerization is carried out in a pressure reactor of the type used for suspension polymerization.
