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CAS Number: 1314-41-6
Molecular Weight: 685.60
EC Number: 215-235-6
MDL number: MFCD00078491
PubChem Substance ID: 24854488
Appearance: Orange to Red powder to crystal
APPLICATIONS
Lead Oxide has many applications.
The most important of Lead Oxide use is in paint and storage-batteries.
Lead Oxide is used as a pigment in corrosion-protecting paints for steel surfaces.
Lead Oxide also is used in positive battery plates; in colored glasses and ceramics; in glass sealants for television picture tubes; in propellants and explosives.
Further, Lead Oxide is used in radiation shields for x-rays and gamma rays; in the vulcanization of rubber; in glass-writing pencils; in adhesives for tire cords; in foaming agents and waterproofing materials; in plasters and ointments; in lead dioxide matches.
Lead Oxide is also used as a catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide in exhausts.
Lead Oxide is stable under normal use.
There is no expected hazardous emissions caused by Lead Oxide under normal conditions.
Yet,an exposure evaluation must be conducted to define appropriate engineering and administrative controls.
Lead Oxide is used to prepare colorless glass, faience glaze, porcelain painting flux, iron and steel coatings, rubber pigment and in glass cement.
Moreover, Lead Oxide is also used in gas and steam pipes, storage batteries, writing on glass and to make lead peroxide and matches.
Lead Oxide is associated with linseed oil and used as a thick, long-lasting anti-corrosive paint.
Lead Oxide gives better water resistant properties by replacing magnesium oxide.
Further, Lead Oxide is used in the manufacture of lead glass and rustproof primer paints.
In addition to this, Lead Oxide acts as a pigment for primer paints for iron objects.
Lead oxide is used quite extensively in optical glass, electrical glass, and tableware.
In addition to that, Lead Oxide increases the density and refractive index of glass.
Lead glasses can be cut more easily than other glasses and has superior brilliance, both of which make it good for cut glass.
Further, Lead glasses may be formulated with a wide variety of electrical and acid-resisting characteristics; desirable properties, such as weather resistance, electrical resistivity, etc., will depend upon the total composition of the glass.
Lead Oxide is used in the following products:
coating products and fillers
putties
plasters
modelling clay
Other release to the environment of Lead Oxide is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Lead Oxide has been used as a pigment for primer paints for iron objects.
Due to its toxicity, Lead Oxide use is being limited.
Lead Oxide finds limited use in some amateur pyrotechnics as a delay charge and was used in the past in the manufacture of dragon's egg pyrotechnic stars.
Lead Oxide is used as a curing agent in some polychloroprene rubber compounds.
Further, Lead Oxide is used in place of magnesium oxide to provide better water resistance properties.
Lead Oxide was used for engineer's scraping, before being supplanted by engineer's blue.
Further, Lead Oxide is also used as an adultering agent in turmeric powder.
Lead Oxide is used in marine batteries.
Further, Lead Oxide is used in the manufacture of glass and ceramics.
Lead Oxide is used as flux agents for casting.
Lead Oxide is used in mining.
Moreover, Lead Oxide is used as a stabiliser.
Lead Oxide is used in paints, lacquers and varnishes.
Lead Oxide is used in adhesives and binding agents.
In addition, Lead Oxide is used in construction materials.
Lead Oxide is used in the manufacture of batteries.
Lead Oxide is used in the manufacture of matches and explosives.
Moreover, Lead Oxide is used as lubricants and additives.
Lead Oxide is used as process regulators.
Lead Oxide is used as intermediates in the manufacture of pigments.
More to that, Lead Oxide is usedas analytical or laboratory reagents.
Lead Oxide is used in metallurgy, e.g. bearing materials, brass, aluminium and steel used in the automotive industry.
Further, Lead Oxide is used as vulcanising agents in the manufacture of rubbers.
Further, Lead Oxide is used as analytical reagent, paint pigment and glass raw material.
Lead Oxide is used as inorganic red pigment.
The coating industry uses Lead Oxide in the manufacture of anti-rust paint, iron and steel protective coatings, and has good anti-rust performance.
The borvia industry uses Lead Oxide in the manufacture of enamel and optical glass.
The ceramic industry uses Lead Oxide in the manufacture of ceramic glaze.
The electronics industry uses Lead Oxide for the manufacture of piezoelectric elements.
The battery industry uses Lead Oxide in the production of batteries.
The mechanical industry uses Lead Oxide for metal grinding.
The organic chemical industry uses Lead Oxide in the manufacture of dyes and other synthetic organic oxidants.
Lead Oxide can be used for rubber coloring.
The pharmaceutical industry uses Lead Oxide in the manufacture of ointments and hard ointments.
DESCRIPTION
Lead Oxide, also called red lead or minium, is an inorganic compound.
A bright red or orange solid, Lead Oxide is used as pigment, in the manufacture of batteries, and rustproof primer paints.
Lead Oxide is an example of a mixed valence compound, being composed of both Pb(II) and Pb(IV) in the ratio of two to one.
Lead Oxide has a tetragonal crystal structure at room temperature, which then transforms to an orthorhombic form at temperature 170 K (−103 °C).
This phase transition only changes the symmetry of the crystal and slightly modifies the interatomic distances and angles.
High quality red Lead Oxide is a kind of fresh organge red powder.
Density of Lead Oxide is 9.1.
Lead Oxide is insoluble in water and alcohol, soluble in nitric acid, partly soluble in glacial acetic acid, soluble in hot aqueous alkali.
Lead Oxide changes into black lead sulphide while meeting hydxgen sulphide, while put outdoor in the open air it changes into while lead sulphate and it is poisonous.
Lead oxide is the name for a range of products that is formed by the oxidation of Lead in the forms of liquid and solid.
Lead oxides are basically an oxide’s family varying in color (grey/green, red, and yellow), in degree of oxidation (PbO, Pb3O4, PbO2) and in crystal structure (in forms of PbO, orthogonal and tetragonal).
Lead oxide is a term that can be either Lead monoxide or litharge Lead tetroxide or Red Lead or Gray or Black oxide which is a mixture of 30 percent metallic Lead and 70 percent Lead monoxide.
Black Lead is made for specific use in Lead acid storage batteries manufacturing.
Due to large use in the Lead acid battery industry, Lead monoxide is one of the most important compounds of Lead, based on volume.
Due to its electrical and electronic properties, litharge is also used in various components for different types of use like capacitors, electro photographic plates, and Video tubes, even in ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials.
Because of their wide range of chemical and physical properties, Lead oxides have been know and used worldwide since before the ancient Romans.
Lead Oxide is made by heating lead monoxide in the presence of air at temperatures between 450 to 500°C.
The temperature should be maintained below 500°C, above which the tetroxide decomposes.
6PbO + O2→2Pb3O4
Alternatively, the tetroxide may be prepared by heating a mixture of lead monoxide and lead dioxide at 250°C:
2PbO + PbO2→Pb3O4
When heated above 550°C, the tetroxide decomposes to monoxide, evolving oxygen:
6Pb3O4→6PbO + O2
Lead tetroxide reacts with dilute nitric acid forming lead nitrate and precipitating lead dioxide:
Pb3O4 + 4HNO3 → 2Pb(NO3)2 + PbO2 + 2H2O
The above reaction may be explained by assuming lead tetroxide as formally equivalent to plumbus plumbate having a structure Pb2II[PbIVO4] in which Pb2+ dissolves in dilute nitric acid forming lead(II) nitrate while Pb4+ precipitates out as lead(IV) oxide.
Lead tetroxide reacts with anhydrous acetic acid at 80°C producing lead(II) acetate and lead(IV) acetate. Alternatively, the tetroxide is added into a mixture of glacial acetic acid and acetic anhydride and heated gently:
Pb3O4 + 8CH3COOH → 2Pb(CH3COO)2 + Pb(CH3Coo)4 + 4H2O
On cooling, the tetraacetate crystallizes, leaving diacetate in the solution. Acetic anhydride is added to react with water produced in the reaction to form acetic acid and thus prevent hydrolysis.
Lead tetroxide can be reduced to metallic lead when heated with reducing agents, such as hydrogen, carbon, or carbon monoxide:
Pb3O4 + 4H2→3Pb + 4H2O
PROPERTIES
Lead oxide is a general term and can be either lead monoxide or "litharge" (PbO); lead tetroxide or "red lead" (Pb3O4); or black or "gray" oxide which is a mixture of 70 percent lead monoxide and 30 percent metallic lead.
Black lead oxide is made for specific use in the manufacture of lead acid storage batteries.
Because of the size of the lead acid battery industry, lead monoxide is the most important commercial compound of lead, based on volume.
Red lead oxide is produced by oxidizing litharge in a reverberatory furnace.
The major lead pigment is red lead(Pb3O4), which is used principally in ferrous metal protective paints.
Bright-red crystalline substance or amorphous powder; density 9.1 g/cm3; decomposes on heating to 500°C, melts at 830°C under pressure and oxygen; insoluble in water and alcohol; soluble in glacial acetic acid, hot hydrochloric acid, and a dilute nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture.
General properties of Lean Oxide:
Density: 9,1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 800°C
Melting Point: 500 °C
Molecular Formula: O4Pb3
Molecular Weight: 685.59800
Exact Mass: 687.91000
PSA: 36.92000
Vapour Pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 0 °C)
Stability: Stable. May react vigorously with reducing agents.
SAFETY AND HAZARDS
Lead Oxide may intensify fire; oxidizer.
More to that, Lead Oxide is harmful if swallowed or if inhaled.
Lead Oxide is suspected of causing genetic defects.
Lead Oxide may damage fertility or the unborn child.
Further, Lead Oxide causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
Lead Oxide is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Safe Storage:
Lead Oxide should be separated from food and feedstuffs and strong reducing agents.
Contact of Lead Oxide with reducing agents should be avoided.
Safe Handling:
A harmful concentration of airborne particles of Lead Oxide can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.
Use local exhaust or breathing protection.
Use protective gloves.
Wear safety spectacles.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
Wash hands before eating.
SYNONYMS
1314-41-6
lead tetroxide
orange lead
1,3,5,7-tetraoxa-2lambda2,4,6lambda2-triplumbaspiro[3.3]heptane
MFCD00078491
Lead (II,IV) oxide
PO4b3
Lead(II,IV) oxide, >=96%
Lead oxide, red, LR, >=85%
8942AF
AKOS015903584
Lead oxide, red powder, 1-2 mum, 99%
Lead oxide, red, SAJ first grade, >=95.0%
Lead oxide, powder, 99.99% trace metals basis
Q419205
1,3,5,2,4lambda2,6lambda2-Trioxatriplumbinane 2-oxide
DILEAD(II) LEAD(IV) OXIDE
DI-LEAD(II) LEAD(IV) OXIDE, RED
LEAD(+2,+4)OXIDE
LEAD(II,III) OXIDE
LEAD(II,III) OXIDE, RED
LEAD(II,IV) OXIDE
LEAD(II,IV) OXIDE, RED
LEAD OXIDE
LEAD OXIDE, RED
LEAD OXIDE, TETRA
LEAD TETRAOXIDE
LEAD TETROXIDE
MINIUM
RED LEAD
RED LEAD OXIDE
TRILEAD TETRAOXIDE
TRI-LEAD TETROXIDE
C.I. 77578
C.I. Pigment red 105
c.i.77578
Lead oxide (Pb2O)
plumbyloxyplumbane
12059-89-1
Dilead oxide
EINECS 235-036-8
Lead monoxide
Litharge
Massicot
Plumbous oxide
Galena
Red lead oxide, Trilead tetraoxide, Minium
Lead (II) oxide
lead (II) oxide
Lead monooxide
lead monooxide
LEAD MONOXIDE
Lead Monoxide
Lead monoxide
lead monoxide
Lead Monoxide
Lead monoxide
