PRODUCTS

LIGHT LIQUID PARAFFIN

CAS:   8012-95-1
MF:   unspecified
EINECS:   232-384-2

Synonyms
LIQUID PARAFFIN;LIQUID PETROLATUM;LIGHT WHITE MINERAL OIL, SULFURDEPLETED;LIGHT WHITE OIL;PARAFFIN OIL, FOR IR-SPECTROSCOPY;1 4-DIOXAN SPECTRANAL STABILIZED;PARAFFIN VISCID, EXTRA PURE, DAB, PH. EU R., B. P., PH. FRANC.;VASELINE OIL EXTRA PURE COSMETIC GRADE

Light liquid paraffin is a transparent, colorless, nearly odorless, and oily liquid that is composed of saturated hydrocarbons derived from petroleum.
The term Light liquid paraffin is sometimes used to denote light liquid paraffin, while the term paraffinum subliquidum is sometimes used to denote a thicker mineral oil.
Light liquid paraffin is a colorless, oily liquid aero-sol dispersed in air with an odor like burned lubricating oil.
The odor threshold is 1.0 ppm.
Specific gravity (H2O:1)=0.865 at 60℃; Boiling point = 250- 360*C; Vaporpressure = <0.5 mmHg at 20℃; Flash point= 193℃;Autoignition temperature = 260- 371℃.
Hazard Identification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System):Health 0, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0. Insoluble in water.
Liquid hydrocarbons from petroleum.
Transparent colorless oily liquid.
Practically tasteless and odorless, even when warmed.

Light liquid paraffin, also known as paraffinum liquidum, paraffin oil, liquid paraffin oil or Russian mineral oil, is a very highly refined mineral oil used in cosmetics and medicine.
Cosmetic or medicinal Light liquid paraffin should not be confused with the paraffin (i.e. kerosene) used as a fuel.
The generic sense of paraffin meaning alkane led to regional differences for the meanings of both paraffin and paraffin oil.
Light liquid paraffin is a transparent, colorless, nearly odorless, and oily liquid that is composed of saturated hydrocarbons derived from petroleum.
The term Light liquid paraffin is sometimes used to denote light liquid paraffin, while the term paraffinum subliquidum is sometimes used to denote a thicker mineral oil.
Light liquid paraffin is a highly refined, clear, oily liquid composed primarily of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) with carbon chain lengths typically between C15 and C50.
Light liquid paraffin is odourless, colourless, and non-volatile, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
Light liquid paraffin is a key ingredient in moisturisers, lotions, creams, hair oils, and makeup removers due to its ability to soften and moisturise the skin and hair.

Light liquid paraffin is the highest grade, refined version of mineral oils and is an unsaturated hydrocarbon derived from petroleum.
Some common petroleum refining methods for obtaining light liquid paraffin oil are thermal fractionation and chemical fractionation.
The main characteristic of paraffin liquid light is its transparency.
The purity level of this mineral oil rises to 99% and has a range of uses across industries.
Light liquid paraffin is colorless, odorless, light mixtures of alkenes in the C15 to C40 depending on the crude oil source used for manufacture which gives a distribution of paraffinic oils in the product.
Light liquid paraffin's Group II base oil & highly saturate compare then Group I base oil.
Hydro-Processed paraffinic oils have a slightly higher flash than solvent extracted oils, are clear in color, slightly lower volatility, and a saturate level of 98-99%.

History
Petroleum is said to have been used as a medicine since 400 BC, and has been mentioned in the texts of classical writers Herodotus, Plutarch, Dioscorides, Pliny, and others.
Light liquid paraffin was used extensively by early Arabians and was important in early Indian medicine.
Light liquid paraffin's first use internally is attributed to Robert A. Chesebrough, who patented it in 1872 for the manufacture of a "new and useful product from petroleum.
"After Sir W. Arbuthnot Lane, who was then Chief Surgeon of Guy's Hospital, recommended it as a treatment for intestinal stasis and chronic constipation in 1913, liquid paraffin gained more popularity.

Light liquid paraffin Chemical Properties
Melting point: -24 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 300 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.827-0.890 g/mL at 20 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.467(lit.)
Fp: >300°C
Storage temp.: Store at room temperature.
Solubility: Practically insoluble in ethanol (95%), glycerin, and water; soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide, ether, and petroleum ether. Miscible with volatile oils and fixed oils, with the exception of castor oil.
Form: light oil
Color: white
Specific Gravity: 0.870 (20/4℃)
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: Soluble in ether. Sparingly soluble in ethanol. Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Merck: 14,7023
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3
OSHA: TWA 5 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 2500 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3; STEL 10 mg/m3
Dielectric constant: 2.0（Ambient）
EPA Substance Registry System: Paraffin oils (8012-95-1)

Light liquid paraffin is a transparent, colorless, viscous oily liquid, without fluorescence in daylight.
Light liquid paraffin is practically tasteless and odorless when cold, and has a faint odor of petroleum when heated.

Uses
Light liquid paraffin is a lubricant and is used as a solvent for inks in the printing industry.
Light liquid paraffin is a useful organic solvent for isolating the nucleus of the gian amphibian oocyte.

Usage in medicine
Light liquid paraffin is primarily used as a pediatric laxative in medicine and is a popular treatment for constipation and encopresis.
Because of its ease of titration, the drug is convenient to synthesize.
Light liquid paraffin acts primarily as a stool lubricant, and is thus not associated with abdominal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, disturbances in electrolytes, or tolerance over long periods of usage, side effects that osmotic and stimulant laxatives often engender (however, some literature suggests that these may still occur).
The drug acts by softening the feces and coats the intestine with an oily film.
Because of this Light liquid paraffin reduces the pain caused by certain conditions such as piles (haemorrhoids).
These traits make the drug ideal for chronic childhood constipation and encopresis, when large doses or long-term usage is necessary.

Consensus has not been entirely reached on the safety of the drug for children.
While the drug is widely accepted for the management of childhood constipation in North America and Australia, the drug is used much less in the United Kingdom.
The drug is endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the North American Society for Gastroenterology and Nutrition, with the latter organization outlining Light liquid paraffin as a first choice for the management of pediatric constipation.
The drug is suggested to never be used in cases in which the patient is neurologically impaired or has a potential swallowing dysfunction due to potential respiration complications.
Lipoid pneumonia due to mineral oil aspiration is thus a recognized severe complication of this medication, and there is a need for a heightened awareness among caregivers about the potential dangers of inappropriate mineral oil use.
Some go as far as saying that Light liquid paraffin should never be used with children due to this risk.
Light liquid paraffin is also used in combination with magnesium as an osmotic laxative, sold under the trade name Mil-Par (among others).
Additionally, Light liquid paraffin may be used as a release agent, binder, or lubricant on capsules and tablets.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Light liquid paraffin is used primarily as an excipient in topical pharmaceutical formulations, where its emollient properties are exploited as an ingredient in ointment bases.
Light liquid paraffin is additionally used in oil-in-water emulsions,as a solvent, and as a lubricant in capsule and tablet formulations, and to a limited extent as a mold-release agent for cocoa butter suppositories.
Light liquid paraffin has also been used in the preparation of microspheres and as a vaccine adjunct.
Therapeutically, Light liquid paraffin has been used as a laxative.
Light liquid paraffin is indigestible and thus has limited absorption.
Mineral oil is used in ophthalmic formulations for its lubricant properties.
Light liquid paraffin is also used in cosmetics and some food products.

Usage in cosmetics
Light liquid paraffin is a hydrating and cleansing agent.
Hence, Light liquid paraffin is used in several cosmetics both for skin and hair products.
Light liquid paraffin is also used as one of the ingredients of after wax wipes.

Production Methods
Light liquid paraffin is obtained by distillation of petroleum.
The lighter hydrocarbons are first removed by distillation and the residue is then redistilled between 330–390°C.
The distillate is chilled and the solid fractions are removed by filtration.
The filtrate is then further purified and decolorized by high-pressure hydrogenation or sulfuric acid treatment; the purified filtrate is then filtered through adsorbents.
The liquid portion obtained is distilled and the portion boiling below 360°C is discarded.

Reactivity Profile
Light liquid paraffin may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid.
Charring may occur followed by ignition of unreacted oil and other nearby combustibles.
In other settings, mostly unreactive.
Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents.
Burns exothermically when heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents.

Purification Methods
Treat the oil with fuming H2SO4 (care), then wash it with water and dilute aqueous NaOH, then percolate Light liquid paraffin through activated silica gel. Paraffin Wax.
Melt the wax in the presence of NaOH, wash it with water until all of the base had been removed.
The paraffin is allowed to solidify after each wash.
Finally, 5g of paraffin is melted by heating it on a water-bath, then shaken for 20-30minutes with 100mL of boiling water and and dry the melt under vacuum.

Health
Upon being taken orally, liquid paraffin might interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, though evidence does not seem to fully support this.
Light liquid paraffin can be absorbed into the intestinal wall and may cause foreign-body granulomatous reactions in some rat species.
These reactions might not occur in humans, however.
Some evidence suggests that Light liquid paraffin does not engender carcinogenicity.
If liquid paraffin enters the lungs, it can cause lipoid pneumonia.
If injected, Light liquid paraffin can cause granulomatous reactions.