PRODUCTS

MAGNESIUM OXIDE

CAS NUMBER: 1309-48-4

EC NUMBER: 215-171-9

MOLECULAR FORMULA: MgO

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 40.305

IUPAC NAME: oxomagnesium

Magnesium Oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide).
Magnesium Oxide has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg2+ ions and O2− ions held together by ionic bonding.

Magnesium hydroxide forms in the presence of water (MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2), but it can be reversed by heating it to remove moisture.
Magnesium Oxide was historically known as magnesia alba (literally, the white mineral from Magnesia), to differentiate it from magnesia negra, a black mineral containing what is now known as manganese.

Related Oxides:
While "Magnesium Oxide" normally refers to MgO, magnesium peroxide MgO2 is also known as a compound. According to evolutionary crystal structure prediction,
Magnesium Oxide is thermodynamically stable at pressures above 116 GPa (gigapascals), and a semiconducting suboxide Mg3O2 is thermodynamically stable above 500 GPa.
Because of its stability, MgO is used as a model system for investigating vibrational properties of crystals.

Magnesium Oxide's Production:
Magnesium Oxide is produced by the calcination of magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide.
The latter is obtained by the treatment of magnesium chloride MgCl2 solutions, typically seawater, with limewater or milk of lime.

Mg2+ + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 + Ca2+

Calcining at different temperatures produces Magnesium Oxide of different reactivity.
High temperatures 1500 – 2000 °C diminish the available surface area and produces dead-burned (often called dead burnt) magnesia, an unreactive form used as a refractory.

Calcining temperatures 1000 – 1500 °C produce hard-burned magnesia, which has limited reactivity and calcining at lower temperature, (700–1000 °C) produces light-burned magnesia, a reactive form, also known as caustic calcined magnesia.
Although some decomposition of the carbonate to oxide occurs at temperatures below 700 °C, the resulting materials appears to reabsorb carbon dioxide from the air

APPLICATIONS:
*Heating elements
Magnesium Oxide is prized as a refractory material, i.e. a solid that is physically and chemically stable at high temperatures.
Magnesium Oxide has two useful attributes: high thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity.

Filling the spiral Calrod range top heating elements on kitchen electric stoves is a major use.
"By far the largest consumer of magnesia worldwide is the refractory industry, which consumed about 56 % of the magnesia in the United States in 2004, the remaining 44 % being used in agricultural, chemical, construction, environmental, and other industrial applications.
*Magnesium Oxide is used as a basic refractory material for crucibles.

Fireproofing
Magnesium Oxide is a principal fireproofing ingredient in construction materials.
As a construction material, Magnesium Oxide wallboards have several attractive characteristics:

-fire resistance

-termite resistance

-moisture resistance

-mold and mildew resistance

-strength

*Niche uses
Magnesium Oxide is one of the components in Portland cement in dry process plants.
Magnesium Oxide is used extensively in:
-the soil and groundwater remediation
-wastewater treatment
-drinking water treatment
-air emissions treatment
-waste treatment industries for its acid buffering capacity and related effectiveness in stabilizing dissolved heavy metal species.

Many heavy metals species, such as lead and cadmium are most soluble in water at acidic pH (below 6) as well as high pH (above 11).
Solubility of metals affects bioavailability of the species and mobility soil and groundwater systems.
Most metal species are toxic to humans at certain concentrations, therefore it is imperative to minimize metal bioavailability and mobility.

Granular MgO is often blended into metals-contaminated soil or waste material, which is also commonly of a low pH (acidic), in order to drive the pH into the 8–10 range where most metals are at their lowest solubilities (basic).
Metal-hydroxide complexes have a tendency to precipitate out of aqueous solution in the pH range of 8–10.
Magnesium Oxide is widely regarded as the most effective metals stabilization compound when compared to Portland cement, lime, kiln dust products, power generation waste products, and various proprietary products due to MgO's superior buffering capacity, cost effectiveness, and ease/safety of handling.

Most, if not all products that are marketed as metals stabilization technologies create very high pH conditions in aquifers whereas MgO creates an ideal aquifer condition with a pH of 8–10.
Additionally, magnesium, an essential element to most biological systems, is provided to soil and groundwater microbial populations during MgO-assisted metals remediation as an added benefit.

*Medical
Magnesium Oxide is used for relief of heartburn and dyspepsia, as an antacid, magnesium supplement, and as a short-term laxative.
Magnesium Oxide is also used to improve symptoms of indigestion.

*Other
As a food additive, it is used as an anticaking agent.
Magnesium Oxide is known to the US Food and Drug Administration for cacao products; canned peas; and frozen dessert.

Magnesium Oxide has an E number of E530.
Magnesium Oxide was historically used as a reference white color in colorimetry, owing to its good diffusing and reflectivity properties.

Magnesium Oxide may be smoked onto the surface of an opaque material to form an integrating sphere.
Magnesium Oxide is used extensively as an electrical insulator in tubular construction heating elements.

There are several mesh sizes available and most commonly used ones are 40 and 80 mesh per the American Foundry Society.
The extensive use is due to its high dielectric strength and average thermal conductivity.

Magnesium Oxide is usually crushed and compacted with minimal airgaps or voids.
The electrical heating industry also experimented with aluminium oxide, but it is not used anymore.

As a reagent in the installation of the carboxybenzyl (Cbz) group using benzyl chloroformate in EtOAc for the N-protection of amines and amides.
Magnesium Oxide is also used as an insulator in heat-resistant electrical cable.
Magnesium Oxide doping has been shown to effectively inhibit grain growth in ceramics and improve their fracture toughness by transforming the mechanism of crack growth at nanoscale

Magnesium Oxide has an important place as a commercial plant fertilizer and as animal feed.
An aerosolized solution of MgO is used in library science and collections management for the deacidification of at-risk paper items.

In this process, the alkalinity of MgO (and similar compounds) neutralizes the relatively high acidity characteristic of low-quality paper, thus slowing the rate of deterioration.
Magnesium Oxide is also used as a protective coating in plasma displays.

Magnesium Oxide is used as an oxide barrier in spin-tunneling devices.
Owing to the crystalline structure of its thin films, which can be deposited by magnetron sputtering, for example, it shows characteristics superior to those of the commonly used amorphous Al2O3.

In particular, spin polarization of about 85% has been achieved with MgO versus 40–60 % with aluminium oxide.
The value of tunnel magnetoresistance is also significantly higher for MgO (600% at room temperature and 1,100 % at 4.2 K) than Al2O3 (ca. 70% at room temperature).

Magnesium is an element your body needs to function normally.
Magnesium Oxide may be used for different reasons.

Some people use it as an antacid to relieve heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion.
Magnesium Oxide also may be used as a laxative for short-term, rapid emptying of the bowel (before surgery, for example).

Magnesium Oxide should not be used repeatedly.
Magnesium Oxide also is used as a dietary supplement when the amount of magnesium in the diet is not enough.
Magnesium Oxide is available without a prescription.

Magnesium Oxide has many health benefits.
When used regularly, Magnesium Oxide can help boost low magnesium levels, relieve constipation, manage depression, treat migraines, and more.

Magnesium Oxide is a type of magnesium mineral supplement that is mostly made of magnesium—it actually contains more magnesium than other magnesium supplements.
Magnesium Oxide is acquired by burning magnesium with pure oxygen, but this method is quite costly.

Magnesium Oxide offers some impressive health benefits and can help to relieve the symptoms of a variety of conditions.
Magnesium is a mineral that’s needed for many bodily processes, including blood sugar regulation, nerve function, energy production, and DNA synthesis.

Magnesium Oxide’s found in a number of foods but can also be taken as a dietary supplement.
These supplements contain different forms of magnesium, including magnesium citrate, magnesium glycinate, and Magnesium Oxide.
Magnesium Oxide is one of the most common forms sold in supplement form, either as a stand-alone supplement or in multinutrient products.

Magnesium Oxide is an inorganic salt of magnesium formed with ions of magnesium and oxygen.
Magnesium Oxide’s one of many forms of magnesium available for purchase in supplement form.

Magnesium Oxide’s added to dietary supplements as well as over-the-counter medications used to treat constipation, indigestion, and headaches.
Magnesium Oxide is an inorganic salt of magnesium.

Even though it contains high amounts of magnesium, it has low absorbability in the body.
Still, Magnesium Oxide has been shown to offer health benefits like constipation relief.

MAGNESIUM OXIDE'S BENEFITS:
*Magnesium Oxide may help treat headaches
Magnesium is needed for proper nerve cell functioning.
As such, a deficiency in this mineral can lead to migraine headaches.

*Magnesium Oxide may reduce stress and anxiety
Magnesium plays an important role in your body’s stress response.
In fact, studies have shown that people who experience frequent stress tend to have lower magnesium stores

*Magnesium Oxide helps treat constipation
One of the most common uses of Magnesium Oxide supplements is constipation treatment.
The supplement has an osmotic effect, meaning it draws water into the intestines to cause a laxative effect that can help relieve constipation in both children and adults.

*Magnesium Oxide may lower blood pressure
Magnesium Oxide supplements may help reduce elevated blood pressure levels.

*Magnesium Oxide may lower blood sugar levels
Magnesium supplements may lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.

Magnesium Oxide may help treat migraine and constipation, reduce blood pressure, improve blood sugar management, and decrease levels of stress and anxiety in certain populations.
Magnesium is a naturally occurring mineral.

Magnesium is important for many systems in the body especially the muscles and nerves.
Magnesium Oxide is used as a supplement to maintain adequate magnesium in the body.

Magnesium Oxide is also used as an antacid to treat indigestion, or as a laxative to relieve occasional constipation.
Magnesium Oxide may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide

Magnesium Oxide appears as a white solid, often found as a powder.
When fine particles of Magnesium Oxide are dispersed in air, whether directly or when generated by the burning or cutting of magnesium metal

Magnesium Oxide (MgO)is an inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase.
In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide.
Magnesium Oxide is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.

PHYSIICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 40.305

-Exact Mass: 39.9799563

-Monoisotopic Mass: 39.9799563

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.1 Å²

-Physical Description: A white solid, often found as a powder

-Color: White

-Form: Powder

-Odor: Odorless

-Boiling Point: 3600 °C

-Melting Point: 2825 °C

-Solubility: 0.009 %

-Density: 3.6 g/cu cm

-pH: pH: 10.3

Magnesium Oxide has an E number of E530.
Magnesium Oxide was historically used as a reference white color in colorimetry, owing to its good diffusing and reflectivity properties.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1

-Rotatable Bond Count: 0

-Heavy Atom Count: 2

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 2

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Magnesium Oxide is usually crushed and compacted with minimal airgaps or voids.
The electrical heating industry also experimented with aluminium oxide, but it is not used anymore.

As a reagent in the installation of the carboxybenzyl (Cbz) group using benzyl chloroformate in EtOAc for the N-protection of amines and amides.
Magnesium Oxide is also used as an insulator in heat-resistant electrical cable.
MgO doping has been shown to effectively inhibit grain growth in ceramics and improve their fracture toughness by transforming the mechanism of crack growth at nanoscale

Magnesium Oxide is used as an oxide barrier in spin-tunneling devices.

Magnesium Oxide has many health benefits.
When used regularly, Magnesium Oxide can help boost low magnesium levels, relieve constipation, manage depression, treat migraines, and more.

SYNONYMS:

oxomagnesium
Magnesia
Periclase
Magnesium Oxide (MgO)
Seawater magnesia
Magnesium Oxide fume
Uro-Mag
Magnesium Oxide, -325 mesh
Magnesia grooves
Causmag
Granmag
Maglite
Seasorb
Animag
Magcal
Marmag
Oxymag
Heavy magnesia
Light magnesia
BayMag
Maglite de
Calcined brucite
Magnesa preprata
Akro-mag
Liquimag A
Liquimag B
Calcined magnesia
Caustic magnesite
Maglite D
Maglite K
Maglite S
Maglite Y
Magnesia monoxide
Anscor P
Hamag LP
Magox OP
FloMag HP
Fert-O-Mag
Kyowamag 20
Kyowamag 30
Kyowamag 40
Kyowamag 60
Elastomag 100
Elastomag 170
FloMag HP-ER
Kyowamag 100
Kyowamag 150
Kyowamag 150B
Kyowaway 150
Heavy Magnesium Oxide
Kyowaad 100
Luvatol MK 35
Magchem 100
Magox 90
Heavy calcined magnesia
Mag Chem 200AD
KM 3 (oxide)
KMACH-F
Mag Chem 200D
FMR-PC
Magnesium Oxide, p.a., 95.0%
HP 10 (oxide)
Magmilax bolus
Magnezu tlenek
100A (oxide)
Magnezu tlenek
Periclase (MgO)
Magnesium Oxide, fume
Magnesium Oxide [USP:JAN]
Maox
Calcined magnesite
MgO Nanoparticles
Mag-Ox
Magnesium Oxide (fume), Inhalable
Magmitt