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CAS NUMBER: 1335-26-8
EC NUMBER: 15-627-7
Magnesium peroxide (MgO2) is an odorless fine powder peroxide with a white to off-white color.
Magnesium peroxide is similar to calcium peroxide because magnesium peroxide also releases oxygen by breaking down at a controlled rate with water.
Commercially, magnesium peroxide often exists as a compound of magnesium peroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
Magnesium peroxide appears as a white powder.
Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material, if the combustible material is finely divided the mixture may be explosive.
Mixtures of combustible material and the peroxide can be ignited by friction or contact with moisture.
Used in medicine, and as a bleaching agent.
Magnesium Peroxide based fine white powder containing approximately 25% of active ingredient.
Magnesium peroxide is mainly used as a source for slow release oxygen in soil and ground water remediation, oxygenation of the bottom of lakes and ponds as well as wastewater and effluents.
Magnesium Peroxide powder is often used in water treatment, agriculture, and various environmental or bioremediation applications.
American Elements can produce most materials in high purity and ultra high purity (up to 99.99999%) forms and follows applicable ASTM testing standards; a range of grades are available including Mil Spec (military grade), ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade, Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade, Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia).
We can also produce materials to customer specifications by request, in addition to custom compositions for commercial and research applications and new proprietary technologies.
Typical and custom packaging is available, as is additional research, technical and safety (MSDS) data.
Technical guidance for using Magnesium Peroxide in agriculture is also available.
Magnesium peroxide is a mineral that’s needed for many bodily processes, including blood sugar regulation, nerve function, energy production, and DNA synthesis (1Trusted Source).
Magnesium is a mineral that is important for normal bone structure in the body.
People get magnesium from their diet, but sometimes magnesium supplements are needed if magnesium levels are too low.
Dietary intake of magnesium may be low, particularly among women. Magnesium deficiency is also not uncommon amount African Americans and the elderly.
Low Magnesium peroxide levels in the body have been linked to diseases such as osteoporosis, high blood pressure, clogged arteries, hereditary heard disease, diabetes, and stroke.
Magnesium peroxide ’s found in a number of foods but can also be taken as a dietary supplement.
These supplements contain different forms of magnesium, including magnesium citrate, magnesium glycinate, and magnesium oxide.
Magnesium peroxide is one of the most common forms sold in supplement form, either as a stand-alone supplement or in multinutrient products.
This article explains everything you need to know about magnesium oxide, including how it compares with other forms of magnesium, its potential benefits and side effects, and how to take it.
Magnesium peroxide is an inorganic salt of magnesium formed with ions of magnesium and oxygen.
Magnesium peroxide ’s one of many forms of magnesium available for purchase in supplement form.
Magnesium peroxide ’s added to dietary supplements as well as over-the-counter medications used to treat constipation, indigestion, and headaches.
Compared with other forms of magnesium, it may be less effective at raising blood magnesium levels.
Magnesium peroxide and other inorganic salts of magnesium like magnesium carbonate are high in elemental magnesium, which is the total amount of magnesium in a supplement (3Trusted Source).
However, they have a low solubility rate, making them less bioavailable than other forms of the mineral.
So, even though Magnesium peroxide supplements provide a good amount of magnesium, it’s not the most available form for your body to utilize.
A 2019 study confirmed this by testing 15 magnesium supplements and finding that a supplement containing only Magnesium peroxide had the lowest bioavailability.
Meanwhile, a supplement with both inorganic and organic magnesium salts Magnesium peroxide and magnesium glycerophosphate, respectively — had the highest bioavailability.
Because of its low absorption rate in your intestines, Magnesium peroxide may lead to digestive effects like diarrhea.
In fact, its strong laxative effects are why it’s commonly used to treat constipation.
A 2017 rat study demonstrated its low absorption rate, concluding that only 15% of orally administered Magnesium peroxide was absorbed, while 85% was excreted in the feces. Older research suggests the absorption rate is even lower in humans (4Trusted Source, 5Trusted Source).
In contrast, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetyl taurate, magnesium malate, and magnesium glycinate all have high absorption rates and are more effective at increasing magnesium levels in the body.
Still, Magnesium peroxide has been shown to offer several benefits and is commonly used to treat medical conditions like chronic constipation.
Magnesium plays an important role in your body’s stress response.
In fact, studies have shown that people who experience frequent stress tend to have lower magnesium stores.
Some studies have shown that supplementing with Magnesium peroxide may help reduce levels of stress and anxiety in certain populations.
For example, a 2017 review of 18 studies found that Magnesium peroxide may reduce stress and anxiety in women with premenstrual syndrome, but only when combined with vitamin B6.
Despite these promising results, researchers acknowledge that the quality of existing studies on the subject is poor, and future well-designed studies are needed (18Trusted Source).
Also known as an oxygen release compound, Magnesium Peroxide is a fine white, odorless powder.
Commercially, magnesium peroxide exists as a compound of magnesium peroxide, Magnesium peroxide and magnesium carbonate,
hence being referred to as a complex.
A strong oxidizer, the complex is insoluble in water but soluble in dilute acids with the formation of hydrogen peroxide.
Soluble in glycerol.
Magnesium peroxide , or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral, often found as a powder, which occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium.
Magnesium peroxide has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg2+ ions and O2? ions held together by ionic bonding.
Magnesium peroxide is only very slightly soluble in water but in aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide.
The majority of Magnesium peroxide produced today is obtained from the calcination of naturally occurring minerals, magnesite, MgCO3, being the most common.
Other important sources of Magnesium peroxide are seawater, underground deposits of brine and deep salt beds from which magnesium hydroxide is processed.
In medicine, Magnesium peroxide can be used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion, as a laxative for short-term, rapid emptying of the bowel and as a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood
Besides, Magnesium peroxide also has many nonmedicinal uses.
Caustic calcined magnesia is used in a wide range of industrial applications e.g. plastics, rubber, adhesives and acid neutralization.
Magnesium peroxide with lower chemical activity can be used for fertilizers and animal feed.
Dead-burned magnesia and finally fused magnesia can be used for a variety of refractory and electrical applications e.g. furnace lining, crucibles and fireproofing boarding.
USES:
Magnesium peroxide is used for enhanced aerobic bioremediation.Because of its stable oxygen release rate and environmentally benign character, magnesium peroxide is widely used in agricultural, environmental, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Magnesium peroxide is primarily used as the main oxygen source for in situ bioremediation.
Magnesium peroxide was the first inorganic peroxide to be used for this purpose.
The addition of oxygen releasing compounds to groundwater can be an effective treatment technology capable of reducing the levels of contaminants in groundwater.
Magnesium peroxide is applied to aid in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and other similar contaminants found in groundwater.
Magnesium peroxide is very effective for the bioremediation of contaminated soils and improvement of soil quality for plant growth and metabolism.
Magnesium peroxide has also been used to “dehair” cattle hides prior to conversion to “cowhide” leather.
Additionally, magnesium peroxide has been developed into a form suitable for use as an antibacterial agent for cotton and cotton-blend fabrics.
Development of environmentally benign antibacterial agents for application to textiles and other materials is necessary and desirable because many of the older, effective antibacterial agents have been or are in the process of being removed from commercial use.
Magnesium peroxide is used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent, and in the manufacture of antacids and antiinfective drugs.
MgO is an efficient moisture absorbent used by many libraries for preserving books.
Magnesium peroxide is also one of the raw materials for making cement in dry process plants; specifically, Portland cement.
If too much of MgO is added, the cement may become expansive.
In medicine, Magnesium peroxide is used for relief of heartburn and sore stomach, as an antacid, magnesium supplement, and as a short-term laxative.
Magnesium peroxide is also used to improve symptoms of indigestion.
Side effects of Magnesium peroxide may include nausea and cramping.
Magnesium peroxide is a source of magnesium which functions as a nutrient and dietary supplement.
Magnesium peroxide exists as a bulky white powder termed light Magnesium peroxide or as a dense white powder known as heavy magnesium oxide.
Magnesium peroxide is practically insoluble in water and is insoluble in alcohol.
INDUSTRIAL USES:
Magnesium peroxide is a synthetic mineralproduced in electric arc furnaces or by sinteringof amorphous powder (periclase).
Refractoryapplications consume a large quantity of MgO.
Both brick and shapes are fabricated at leastpartially of sintered grain for use primarily inthe metal-processing industries.
Heating unitinsulation is another major application for periclase.
Principal advantages of periclase are itsthermal conductivity and electrical resistivity atelevated temperatures.
Specialty crucibles and shapes also are fabricatedfrom MgO.
These are used in pyrometallurgicaland other purifying processes for specialtymetals.
Both slip-casting and pressingtechniques are employed to manufactureshapes.
Thermocouple insulation comprises stillanother outlet for periclase.
Since most of thesego into nuclear applications, a high-purity productis required.
Magnesium peroxide is also an important glazeconstituent.
Single crystals of MgO have received attentionbecause of their use in ductile ceramic studies.
Extreme purity is required in this area.
Periclasewindows are also of potential interest ininfrared applications because of their transmissioncharacteristics.
APPLICATION:
Magnesium peroxide is a stable oxygen releasing compound, which is used in agricultural and environmental industries.
Magnesium peroxide is used to reduce contaminant levels in groundwater.
Magnesium peroxide is used in the bioremediation of contaminated soil and can improve the soil quality for plant growth and metabolism.
Magnesium peroxide is also used in the aquaculture industry for bioremediation.
For sanitation purposes magnesium peroxide is often used as a source of oxygen for aerobic organisms in the treatment and disposal of biological waste.
Since the breakdown of hydrocarbons in soil is usually quicker in aerobic conditions, MgO2 can also be added to compost piles or in soil to speed up the microbe activities and to reduce the odors produced in the process.
In certain circumstances MgO2 has also been shown to inhibit growth of bacteria.
In particular, the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria can be inhibited in an environment containing magnesium peroxide.
While the oxygen slowly dissociates, it is theorized that it may then act to displace the sulfate that normally acts as the terminal electron acceptor in their electron transport chain.
Magnesium peroxide is similar to calcium peroxide in its release of oxygen by breaking down at a controlled rate with a hydrous fluid.
Magnesium peroxide can also be used in bleaching, disinfecting, and deodorizing.
Used in mineral waters and as a dietary supplement.
Magnesium peroxide, being environmentally benign, along with its stable oxygen release, is used widely in the cosmetic, agricultural, pharmaceutical, and environmental industries.
Magnesium peroxide is used to reduce contaminant levels in groundwater.
Magnesium peroxide is used in the bioremediation of contaminated soil and can improve the soil quality for plant growth and metabolism.
Magnesium peroxide also used in the aquaculture industry for bioremediation.
-Light Magnesium peroxide is used in ceramics, enamel, refractory crucible, refractory bricks, etc, also used as polishing agent, binder, paint and paper filler, neoprene accelerator, activator.
-In medicine, Magnesium peroxide can be used as antacids, laxatives, for the treatment of hyperacidity and duodenal ulcer disease, but also for glass, phenolic, plastics and other industries.
-Dead-roasted magnesium oxide, namely magnesite, has granular type and brick type, being widely used as the refractory materials of steel furnace, cement kiln and glass furnace.
-Alkaline granular refractory, mainly used for metal refining industry, with massive refractory for the furnace, or granular material for maintenance; Use spray, coating method to have it attached to the furnace wall in order to enhance the furnace fire resistance.
-Magnesium peroxide produce a positive charge inside the water with most of the suspended material being negatively charged, acting absorption role, can improve the filtration effect.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
Magnesium peroxide is a fine powder with a white to off-white color.
Magnesium peroxide is similar to calcium peroxide because magnesium peroxide also releases oxygen by breaking down at a controlled rate when in contact with a hydrous fluid.
Magnesium peroxide is used in bleaching, disinfecting, and deodorizing.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
Magnesium peroxide is a typical alkaline earth metal oxide, chemical formula MgO.
White powder, melting point 2852 ℃, boiling point 3600 ℃, the relative density of 3.58 (25 ℃).
Magnesium peroxide is soluble in acid and ammonium salt solution.
Magnesium peroxide s slow action with water can produce magnesium hydroxide.
Magnesium peroxide can be dissolved in carbon dioxide aqueous solution to produce magnesium bicarbonate.
In the air, it can gradually absorb moisture and carbon dioxide.
Heating releases irritating fumes.
Magnesite (MgCO3), dolomite (MgCO3 • CaCO3) and seawater are the main raw materials for the production of magnesium oxide.
Two forms of Magnesium peroxide exist: a bulky form termed light Magnesium peroxide and a dense form termed heavy magnesium oxide.
The USP 32 and JP XV define both forms in a single monograph, while the BP 2009 and PhEur 6.4 have separate monographs for each form. For the heavy variety, 15 g has an apparent volume before settling of not more than 60 mL; for the light variety, 15 g has an apparent volume before settling of not more than 100mL as defined by the BP 2009 and PhEur 6.4.
Both forms of Magnesium peroxide occur as fine, white, odorless powders.
Magnesium peroxide possesses a cubic crystal structure, though the BP 2009 and PhEur 6.4 describe the appearance of light Magnesium peroxide as an amorphous powder.
A very bulky, white powder known as light Magnesium peroxide or a relatively dense, white powder known as heavy magnesium oxide.
Five g of light Magnesium peroxide occupies a volume of approximately 40 to 50 mL, while 5 g of heavy Magnesium peroxide occupies a volume of approximately 10 to 20 mL.
Magnesium peroxide is practically insoluble in water and is insoluble in alcohol. It is soluble in dilute acids.
PRODUCTION:
Thermal decomposition of magnesite or dolomite generates magnesium oxide.
Magnesium hydroxide precipitate is obtained first by treating seawater with hydrated lime; Magnesium peroxide is obtained by burning magnesium hydroxide.
Alternatively, we can take the magnesium chloride lumps or brine after bromination as raw material during the comprehensive utilization of seawater; add sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to generate magnesium hydroxide or basic magnesium carbonate precipitation, and then burn to obtain magnesium oxide.
At present, China mainly uses magnesite, dolomite, brine or halogen as raw material.
Magnesium peroxide accounts for the largest amount of magnesium compounds, accounting for about 3/4 of the total magnesium industry.
Magnesia made at temperatures below 900 ° C is light magnesia with low density, having large specific surface area and strong absorbability.
Can be used as a catalyst, rubber filler and improve the performance of rubber accelerator. Mixing with magnesium chloride solution can make magnesia cement.
Magnesium peroxide can also be used as flame retardant for building materials.
Magnesium peroxide can be medically used as antacids and laxatives for the treatment of hyperacidity and stomach and duodenal ulcer disease, often combined with calcium carbonate easy to cause constipation.
For animal feed additives and plant fertilizers.
The light Magnesium peroxide obtained at 950 ~ 1050 ℃has high density with particle distribution having a certain range and being easier to hydrate.
Use it to react with the silica on the silicon steel surface at high temperature to produce magnesium silicate film-like product; it can be used as a silicon steel separator to prevent the sintering of silicon steel upon high-temperature sintering.
The heavy Magnesium peroxide prepared at high temperature of 1500-1800 ℃ has high density, small specific surface area, be difficult to be decomposed by heat, has low chemical activity, not easily to react with acid and low hydration rate.
STRUCTURE:
Magnesium peroxide has the ability to bind either side-on or end-on.
The structure of Magnesium peroxide has been calculated as a triangular shape with the O2 molecule binding side-on to the magnesium.
This arrangement is a result of the Mg+ donating charge to the oxygen and creating a Mg2+O22−.
Magnesium peroxide has an approximate dissociation energy of 90 kJ mol−1.
In the solid state,Magnesium peroxide has a cubic pyrite-type crystal structure with 6-coordinate Mg2+ ions and O22− peroxide-groups, according to experimental data and evolutionary crystal structure prediction, the latter predicting a phase transition at the pressure of 53 GPa to a tetragonal structure with 8-coordinate Mg2+ ions.
While at normal conditions Magnesium peroxide is a metastable compound at pressures above 116 GPa it is predicted to become thermodynamically stable in the tetragonal phase.
This theoretical prediction has been experimentally confirmed via synthesis in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell.
PROPERTIES:
-composition: Mg, 30%, MgO2, 24-28%
-reaction suitability: reagent type, oxidant
-Featured Industry: Battery Manufacturing
-SMILES string: [Mg++].[O-][O-].O=[Mg]
-InChI: 1S/2Mg.O2.O/c;;1-2;/q;+2;-2;
-InChI key: IODFUUWCSICZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
HEALTH:
One of the most common uses of Magnesium peroxide supplements is constipation treatment.
The supplement has an osmotic effect, meaning Magnesium peroxide draws water into the intestines to cause a laxative effect that can help relieve constipation in both children and adults.
In a small 2019 randomized, double-blind, controlled study, 34 women with mild to moderate constipation were treated with either 1.5 grams of Magnesium peroxide or a placebo daily for 4 weeks.
Many women in the magnesium group experienced significantly improved bowel movement frequency, stool form, colonic transport time, and quality of life compared with the placebo group.
In fact, over 70% of those treated with Magnesium peroxide reported overall symptom improvement, compared with only 25% of those in the placebo group.
Similarly, a study in 90 people with constipation found that taking either 1.5 grams of Magnesium peroxide or 1 gram of senna, another laxative, significantly improved spontaneous bowel movements and constipation-related quality of life compared with a placebo.
Magnesium peroxide has also been shown to prevent constipation after surgery, treat opioid-induced constipation, and improve functional constipation in children.
That said, while Magnesium peroxide has been shown to be safe for treating constipation, it may lead to dangerously high magnesium levels in certain populations, such as those with kidney impairment and older adults.
Magnesium peroxide supplements may help reduce elevated blood pressure levels.
A 2018 study in 48 people with high blood pressure found that treatment with 300 mg of Magnesium peroxide per day for 1 month significantly decreased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Researchers theorize that the supplement may lower blood pressure by decreasing cellular calcium levels to relax smooth muscle cells and widen blood vessels (23Trusted Source).
Magnesium peroxide may lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.
For example, supplements containing Magnesium peroxide and zinc have been shown to lower blood sugar levels in people with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes, which is diabetes that can occur during pregnancy (24Trusted Source).
In a 2015 study, 70 women with gestational diabetes supplemented with either 250 mg of Magnesium peroxide or a placebo daily for 6 weeks.
The Magnesium peroxide treatment significantly improved blood sugar levels.
Magnesium peroxide also reduced triglyceride levels and the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde, compared with the placebo group.
Magnesium peroxide supplements have also been shown to improve blood sugar management in Egyptian children with type 1 diabetes and Iranian adults with type 2 diabetes (26Trusted Source, 27Trusted Source).
SYNTHESIS:
Magnesium peroxide can be produced by mixing MgO with hydrogen peroxide to create magnesium peroxide and water.
This being an exothermic reaction should be cooled and kept around 30–40 degrees Celsius.
Magnesium peroxide is also important to remove as much iron from the reaction environment as possible due to iron's ability to catalyze the degradation of the peroxide.
The addition of oxygen stabilizers such as sodium silicate can also be used to help prevent the premature degradation of the peroxide.
Regardless, a good yield from this reaction is only about 35%.
High yields are further complicated by the fact that MgO2 reacts with water to degrade the peroxide into magnesium hydroxide, also known as milk of magnesia.
SIDE EFFECTS:
While supplementing with Magnesium peroxide may offer some benefits, there are potential side effects to consider.
Magnesium peroxide is generally safe when used in appropriate doses.
However, taking large amounts over long periods can lead to high blood magnesium levels, or hypermagnesemia, which is a serious condition that can be fatal.
Groups particularly at risk of developing hypermagnesemia include those with kidney disease, older adults with bowel disorders, and those taking 1,000 mg of Magnesium peroxide or more per day.
A 2019 case series discussed four cases of hypermagnesemia, one of which was fatal.
All of the patients were over 65 years old and had kidney disease.
Magnesium peroxide may also result in digestive side effects like bloating and diarrhea, especially when taken at higher doses.
What’s more, the supplement may suppress the absorption of certain medications, including antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs, as well as those used to treat urinary incontinence and Parkinson’s disease.
If you’re interested in taking magnesium oxide, consult your healthcare professional to determine whether it’s appropriate and safe for you.
TOXICITY:
Magnesium peroxide is an irritant that can cause redness, itching, swelling, and may burn the skin and eyes on contact.
Inhalation can also cause irritation to the lungs, nose, and throat, as well as causing coughing.
Long term exposure may lead to lung damage, shortness of breath, and tightening of the chest.
Ingestion of MgO2 can cause numerous adverse effects including: bloating, belching, abdominal pain, irritation of the mouth and throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Environmentally, Magnesium peroxide is not a naturally occurring compound and is not known to persist in the environment for prolonged times, in its complete state, or to bio-accumulate.
The natural degradation of MgO2 leads to Magnesium hydroxide, O2, and H2O.
If spilled, MgO2 should be contained and isolated from any waterways, sewer drains, and it should be isolated from combustible materials or chemicals including paper, cloth, and wood.
STORAGE:
Magnesium peroxide is stable at normal temperatures and pressures.
However, Magnesium peroxide forms magnesium hydroxide in the presence of water.
Magnesium peroxide is hygroscopic and rapidly absorbs water and carbon dioxide on exposure to the air, the light form more readily than the heavy form.
The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.
SYNONYM:
Peromag
Magnesium perhydrol
Magnesiumperoxyd
Drillox M
magnesium;peroxide
Magnesium superoxol
1335-26-8
UNII-X8YVJ0TN96
X8YVJ0TN96
Magnesium peroxide (Mg(O2))
Magnesium peroxide (Mg(O2)a)
DTXSID9049667
