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Malonic Acid does not decompose at 1.067×103~1.333×103Pa vacuum, but directly sublimates.
Malonic Acid is a useful organic compound with various benefits.
Malonic Acid, also known as propanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
CAS Number: 141-82-2
Molecular Formula: C3H4O4
Molecular Weight: 104.06
EINECS Number: 205-503-0Malonic Acid
Synonyms:Malonic Acid, propanedioic acid, 141-82-2, Dicarboxymethane, Carboxyacetic acid, Methanedicarboxylic acid, malonate, Kyselina malonova, USAF EK-695, 1,3-Propanedioic acid, Dicarboxylate, Malonicacid, Dicarboxylic acid, Kyselina malonova [Czech], NSC 8124, UNII-9KX7ZMG0MK, 9KX7ZMG0MK, AI3-15375, H2malo, EINECS 205-503-0, MFCD00002707, BRN 1751370, Methanedicarbonic acid, CHEBI:30794, Thallium malonate, HOOC-CH2-COOH, NSC-8124, Propane-1,3-dioic acid, alpha,omega-Dicarboxylic acid, DTXSID7021659, HSDB 8437, NSC8124, 4-02-00-01874 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 1,3-Propanoic acid, PROPANEDIOLIC ACID, METAHNEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, 2fah, Malonic Acid, 99%, Malonic Acid (8CI), 1o4m, MLI, Malonate dicarboxylic acid, Malonic Acid, 99.5%, Propanedioic acid (9CI), SCHEMBL336, WLN: QV1VQ, Malonic Acid [MI], CH2(COOH)2, CHEMBL7942, Malonic Acid [INCI], DTXCID401659, SCHEMBL1471092, BDBM14673, Propanedioic acid dithallium salt, Malonic Acid, analytical standard, AMY11201, BCP05571, STR00614, Tox21_200534, AC8295, LMFA01170041, s3029, Malonic Acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, AKOS000119034, CS-W019962, DB02175, PROPANEDIOIC ACID Malonic Acid, NCGC00248681-01, NCGC00258088-01, BP-11453, CAS-141-82-2, SY001875, Malonic Acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, FT-0628127, FT-0628128, FT-0690260, FT-0693474, M0028, NS00013842, EN300-18457, Malonic Acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, C00383, C02028, C04025, Q421972, J-521669, Z57965450, F1908-0177, Malonic Acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), 592A9849-68C3-4635-AA3D-CBC44965EA3A, Malonic Acid, sublimed grade, >=99.95% trace metals basis, DICARBOXYLIC ACID C3; PROPANEDIOLIC ACID; METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, InChI=1/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7, Malonic Acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%, LML.
Malonic Acid decomposes to acetic acid and carbon dioxide at 140℃.
Malonic Acid have three kinds of crystal forms, of which two are triclinic, and one is monoclinic.
That crystallized from ethanol is white triclinic crystals.
Malonic Acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Malonic Acid's ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.
Malonic Acid is a white crystalline solid that decomposes at approximately 135°C.
Malonic Acid has high solubility in water and oxygenated solvents and exhibits greater acidity than acetic acid, which has a pK value of 4.75.
The pKa values for the loss of its first and second protons are 2.83 and 5.69, respectively.
Malonic Acid is slightly soluble in pyridine.
Malonic Acid can decompose to formic acid and carbon dioxide in case of potassium permanganate.
Since that Malonic Acid generates carbon dioxide and water after heated without pollution problems, it can be directly used as aluminum surface treatment agent.
Malonic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
A Malonic Acid contains two carboxylic acid functional groups.
Usually, a Malonic Acid exhibits the same chemical behavior as monocarboxylic acids.
This naturally occurs in certain fruits.
Malonic Acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH₂(COOH)₂.
Malonic Acid is a compound containing two carboxylic acid functional groups (-COOH) attached to a central carbon atom.
Malonic Acid is notable for its use in organic chemistry, particularly in the preparation of certain chemicals through a series of reactions known as the malonic ester synthesis.
In this synthesis, the diester of Malonic Acid is often used as a starting material to introduce a two-carbon unit into a molecule.
Malonic Acid has been used in various chemical reactions and organic syntheses due to its ability to act as a versatile building block for the introduction of carboxylic acid groups into organic molecules.
Malonic Acid synthesis is used to synthesise carboxylic acid derivatives by creating a substituted acetic acid.
Malonic Acid synthesis is a method used in organic chemistry to synthesise carboxylic acid derivatives.
Malonic Acid involves the alkylation and subsequent acidic hydrolysis of a malonic ester to create a substituted acetic acid.
The process is named after the reagent Malonic Acid, which is used as the starting material in the reaction.
The first step in the Malonic Acid synthesis is the deprotonation of the malonic ester.
This is achieved by treating the ester with a strong base, typically sodium ethoxide.
This results in the formation of an enolate ion, which is a highly reactive species.
The enolate ion then undergoes alkylation.
This involves the reaction of the enolate ion with an alkyl halide, resulting in the substitution of a hydrogen atom on the Malonic Acid with an alkyl group.
This step can be repeated to introduce two alkyl groups onto the malonic ester.
The final step in the Malonic ester synthesis is the acidic hydrolysis and decarboxylation of the alkylated malonic ester.
This involves treating the ester with an acid, typically hydrochloric acid, and heating.
This results in the loss of a molecule of carbon dioxide and the formation of a substituted acetic acid.
Malonic Acid synthesis is a versatile method for the synthesis of carboxylic acid derivatives.
Malonic Acid allows for the introduction of a wide range of alkyl groups onto the acetic acid molecule, providing a method for the synthesis of a wide range of carboxylic acid derivatives.
The reaction conditions are relatively mild, and the reagents and starting materials are readily available, making it a practical method for the synthesis of carboxylic acid derivatives.
Malonic Acids the sodium salt, which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to provide the sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid via a nucleophilic substitution.
The nitrile group can be hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate, and acidification affords Malonic Acid.
Industrially, however, Malonic Acid is produced by hydrolysis of dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate.
Malonic Acid has also been produced through fermentation of glucose.
Malonic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4.
Dicarboxylic acids are organic compounds containing two carboxylic acid functional groups.
Dicarboxylic acids generally show the same chemical behaviour and reactivity as monocarboxylic acids.
Malonic Acid is a substance found in some fruits that occurs naturally.
Fruits generated in organic farming contain greater concentrations of Malonic Acid in citrus compared to fruits generated in conventional farming.
Malonic Acid is a normal component of human urine, in small quantities, but a genetic disorder called methyl Malonic Aciduria (also known as Malonic Aciduria) causes high levels of methyl Malonic Acid in the blood serum and urine.
Patients with this disorder suffer from severe metabolic acidosis and a metabolic block in the vitamin B12 dependent conversion of propionyl CoA to succinyl CoA.
In infants, symptoms can include developmental delay, cardiomyopathy, mental retardation, and in its more severe forms, neonatal death.
The calcium salt of Malonic Acid occurs in high concentrations in beetroot.
Malonic Acid exists in its normal state as white crystals.
Malonic Acid is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor: It acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Malonic Acid reacts as a typical carboxylic acid: forming amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives.
Malonic Acid can be used as an intermediate to mono-ester or amide derivatives, while malonyl chloride is most useful to obtain diesters or diamides.
In a well-known reaction, Malonic Acid condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.
Malonic Acid may also be condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid, a versatile intermediate in further transformations.
The esters of Malonic Acid are also used as a −CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.
Malonic Acid, also called Propanedioic Acid, (HO2CCH2CO2H), a dibasic organic acid whose diethyl ester is used in syntheses of vitamins B1 and B6, barbiturates, and numerous other valuable compounds.
Malonic Acid itself is rather unstable and has few applications.
Malonic Acids calcium salt occurs in beetroot, but the acid Malonic Acidself is usually prepared by hydrolyzing diethyl malonate.
Malonic Acid undergoes the usual reactions of carboxylic acids as well as facile cleavage into acetic acid and carbon dioxide.
Malonic Acid, also called malonic ester, is prepared by the reaction of ethyl alcohol with cyanoacetic acid.
Malonic Acids utility in synthesis arises from the reactivity of Malonic Acids methylene (CH2) group; a hydrogen atom is easily removed by sodium ethoxide or other strong base, and the resulting derivative reacts readily with an alkyl halide to form a diethyl alkylmalonate.
A second alkyl group may be similarly introduced.
The diethyl dialkylmalonates are converted by reaction with urea to barbiturates.
Malonic Acid is a colourless, fragrant liquid boiling at 181.4° C.
Malonic Acid is the starting substrate of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII), in which it is converted to malonyl-CoA by malonyl-CoA synthetase (ACSF3).
Additionally, the coenzyme A derivative of malonate, malonyl-CoA, is an important precursor in cytosolic fatty acid biosynthesis along with acetyl CoA.
Malonyl CoA is formed there from acetyl CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the malonate is transferred to an acyl carrier protein to be added to a fatty acid chain.
The carboxyl functional group that characterizes the carboxylic acids is unusual in that it is composed of two functional groups described earlier in this text.
As may be seen in the formula on the right, the carboxyl group is made up of a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbonyl group.
Malonic Acid is often written in condensed form as –CO2H or –COOH.
Other combinations of functional groups were described previously, and significant changes in chemical behavior as a result of group interactions were described (e.g. phenol & aniline).
In this case, the change in chemical and physical properties resulting from the interaction of the hydroxyl and carbonyl group are so profound that the combination is customarily treated as a distinct and different functional group.
Malonic Acid, formally propanedioic acid, is the second-smallest aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. (Oxalic acid is the smallest.)
Malonic Acid should not be confused with malic or maleic acid, both of which also contain two carboxyls.
Malonic Acid is a white crystalline solid with a decomposition point of ≈135 °C.
Malonic Acid is highly soluble in water and oxygenated solvents.
Malonic Acid is a precursor to specialty polyesters; Malonic Acid is used in the manufacture of barbiturates, coatings, and biodegradable containers; and Malonic Acid is even a component of surgical adhesives.
Malonic Acid (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH₂(COOH)₂.
The ionized form of Malonic Acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Malonic Acid's diethyl ester.
Malonic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid with a chemical formula C3H4O4.
Malonic Acids are organic compounds containing two carboxylic acid functional groups.
Malonic Acids generally show the same chemical behaviour and reactivity as monocarboxylic acids.
Malonic Acid is a substance found in some fruits that occurs naturally.
Fruits generated in organic farming contain greater concentrations of Malonic Acid in citrus compared to fruits generated in conventional farming
Malonic Acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Malonic Acid has a role as a human metabolite.
Malonic Acid is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).
Malonic Acid is an organic compound naturally found in some fruits.
Fruits produced in organic farming have greater concentrations of Malonic Acid than those generated from conventional farming practices.
Malonic Acid is often found in some citrus fruits and vegetables.
Malonic Acid is a component of food items, it is present in animals, including humans.
Malonic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionized form of Malonic Acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Malonic Acid's diethyl ester.
The name originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.
Malonic Acid is a naturally occurring substance found in many fruits and vegetables.
There is a suggestion that citrus fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of Malonic Acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.
Malonic Acid, also known as malonate or H2MALO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Malonic Acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Malonic Acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Within humans, Malonic Acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Malonic Acid and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid; which is mediated by the enzyme fatty acid synthase.
In addition, Malonic Acid and coenzyme A can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase.
An Malonic Acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
In humans, Malonic Acid is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Outside of the human body, Malonic Acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as red beetroots, corns, scarlet beans, common beets, and cow milks.
This could make Malonic Acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Malonic Acid, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as eosinophilic esophagitis, combined malonic and methylMalonic Aciduria, and early preeclampsia; Malonic Acid has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency.
Malonic Acid is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is soluble in water.
Malonic Acid is IUPAC name is propanedioic acid.
Malonic Acid should not be confused with malic or maleic acid.
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140℃（decomposition）
Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 0-0.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4780
Flash point: 157°C
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
pka: 2.83(at 25℃)
form: Liquid
color: White
PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);1.94(100 mM solution)
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,5710
BRN: 1751370
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.81
Malonic Acid undergoes the usual reactions of carboxylic acids as well as facile cleavage into acetic acid and carbon dioxide.
Malonic Acid, also called malonic ester, is prepared by the reaction of ethyl alcohol with cyanoacetic acid.
Malonic Acid is utility in synthesis arises from the reactivity of its methylene (CH2) group; a hydrogen atom is easily removed by sodium ethoxide or other strong base, and the resulting derivative reacts readily with an alkyl halide to form a diethyl alkylmalonate.
Malonic Acid condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.
Malonic Acid appears as a white crystal or crystalline powder.
Malonic Acid dissolves in alcohol, pyridine, and ether.
Malonic Acid was first prepared in the year, 1858 by the French chemist Victor Dessaignes by the oxidation of malic acid.
Malonic Acid is found in some fruit’s viz citrus fruits.
The amount of Malonic Acid produced from fruits through organic farming is greater than the fruits grown through conventional agriculture.
Malonic Acid can be produced through the fermentation of glucose.
In addition, Malonic Acid and coenzyme A can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through Malonic Acids interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase malonyl/acetyl transferase domain.
An Malonic Acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
In humans, Malonic Acid is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Outside of the human body, Malonic Acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as red beetroots, corns, scarlet beans, common beets, and cow milks.
This could make Malonic Acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Malonic Acid, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as eosinophilic esophagitis, combined malonic and methylCarboxyacetic acid
Malonic Acid, and early preeclampsia; Malonic Acid has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency.
Malonic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid with structural formula CH2(COOH)2 and chemical formula C3H4O4.
The name Malonic Acid originated from the word ‘Malon’ which is Greek for ‘apple’.
Methane Malonic Acid is another name for Malonic Acid.
The ester and salts of Malonic Acid are called malonates.
The Malonic Acid has organic reactions similar to the monocarboxylic acid where amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives are formed.
Lastly, the malonic ester malonate as a coenzyme A derivative malonyl CoA that is as important a precursor as Acetyl CoA in the biosynthesis of fatty acids
Malonic Acid is also frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid.
The esters of Malonic Acid are also used as a - CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.
Malonic Acid is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Malonic Acid binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, competing with the usual substrate succinate but lacking the CH2CH2 group required for dehydrogenation.
This observation was used to deduce the structure of the active site in succinate dehydrogenase.
Malonic Acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.
Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Malonic Acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.
Soluble Malonic Acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
The pH of solutions of Malonic Acids is therefore less than 7.0. Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.
Malonic Acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions occur in principle for solid Malonic Acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Malonic Acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.
Malonic Acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids.
Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of Malonic Acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.
Malonic Acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.
Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat.
Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
These reactions generate heat.
A wide variety of products is possible.
Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions Malonic Acid is incompatible with strong oxidizers.
Malonic Acid is also incompatible with bases and reducing agents.
Malonic Acid, (HO2CCH2CO2H), a dibasic organic acid whose diethyl ester is used in syntheses of vitamins B1 and B6, barbiturates, and numerous other valuable compounds.
Malonic Acid itself is rather unstable and has few applications.
Malonic Acid is calcium salt occurs in beetroot, but the acid itself is usually prepared by hydrolyzing diethyl malonate.
Uses:
Malonic Acid can be used as an indicator in certain analytical chemistry methods, especially in titrations involving weak acids and bases.
Metal Complex Formation: Malonic Acid can form complexes with various metal ions.
These complexes can have applications in catalysis and other chemical processes.
Malonic Acid derivatives are used in the flavor and fragrance industry to synthesize aroma compounds.
These compounds contribute to the characteristic smells and tastes of certain foods, beverages, and perfumes.
Malonic Acid is often employed in the synthesis of pyrazoles, a class of compounds with diverse applications, including as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Malonic Acid derivatives are valuable in organic synthesis for the preparation of a variety of compounds, such as acetic acids, keto acids, and amino acids.
Malonic Acid derivatives find application in the dye industry, where they are used in the synthesis of certain dyes and pigments.
Malonic Acid has been used in the preparation of chemicals employed in photographic development processes.
Malonic Acid and its derivatives are commonly used in research laboratories for organic synthesis and as building blocks for the construction of more complex molecules.
Malonic Acid derivatives can be utilized in certain polymerization reactions, contributing to the production of polymers with specific properties.
Malonic Acid can be used as a buffer in certain chemical and biological applications due to its ability to maintain a stable pH.
Malonic Acid is employed in some electroplating processes as a complexing agent for certain metal ions, aiding in the deposition of metal coatings.
Malonic Acid derivatives are commonly employed in the development of new synthetic methodologies and the exploration of organic reaction mechanisms in research settings.
Malonic Acid and its derivatives are used in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, including some that find applications in unique industrial processes.
Malonic Acid can be used in certain chemical analyses and experiments, serving as a reactant or a starting material in laboratory procedures.
Some studies suggest that Malonic Acid may have antioxidant properties, which could have potential applications in health-related research.
Malonic Acid is a precursor to various malonate salts, which have applications in different industries, including the production of certain cleaning agents and detergents.
Malonic Acid is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of barbiturates and other pharmaceuticals.
Malonic Acid is a component used as a stabilizer in many high-end cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Malonic Acid is also used as building block in chemical synthesis, specifically to introduce the molecular group -CH2-COOH.
Malonic Acid is used for the introduction of an acetic acid moiety under mild conditions by Knoevenagel condensation and subsequent decarboxylation.
Malonic Acid is acts as a building block in organic synthesis.
Malonic Acid is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which is used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Malonic Acid acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.
Malonic Acid finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Malonic Acid is a precursor to specialty polyesters.
Malonic Acid can be converted into 1,3-propanediol for use in polyesters and polymers (whose usefulness is unclear though).
Malonic Acid can also be a component in alkyd resins, which are used in a number of coatings applications for protecting against damage caused by UV light, oxidation, and corrosion.
One application of Malonic Acid is in the coatings industry as a crosslinker for low-temperature cure powder coatings, which are becoming increasingly valuable for heat sensitive substrates and a desire to speed up the coatings process.
The global coatings market for automobiles was estimated to be $18.59 billion in 2014 with projected combined annual growth rate of 5.1% through 2022.
Malonic Acid is used in a number of manufacturing processes as a high value specialty chemical including the electronics industry, flavors and fragrances industry, specialty solvents, polymer crosslinking, and pharmaceutical industry.
In 2004, annual global production of Malonic Acid and related diesters was over 20,000 metric tons.
Potential growth of these markets could result from advances in industrial biotechnology that seeks to displace petroleum-based chemicals in industrial applications.
In 2004, Malonic Acid was listed by the US Department of Energy as one of the top 30 chemicals to be produced from biomass.
In food and drug applications, Malonic Acid can be used to control acidity, either as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulation or natural preservative additive for foods.
Malonic Acid is used as a building block chemical to produce numerous valuable compounds, including the flavor and fragrance compounds gamma-nonalactone, cinnamic acid, and the pharmaceutical compound valproate.
Malonic Acid (up to 37.5% w/w) has been used to cross-link corn and potato starches to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic; the process is performed in water using non-toxic catalysts.
Starch-based polymers comprised 38% of the global biodegradable polymers market in 2014 with food packaging, foam packaging, and compost bags as the largest end-use segments.
Malonic Acid is a key component in the malonic ester synthesis, a versatile method for introducing a two-carbon unit into a molecule.
The diester derived from Malonic Acid can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions, providing a pathway for the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Malonic Acid can act as a weak dibasic acid, forming salts and esters.
Malonic Acid is acidic protons make it suitable for reactions involving acid-base chemistry.
The malonic ester synthesis is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of intermediates that are further transformed into various drugs.
This includes the preparation of barbiturates and other pharmaceutical compounds.
Safety Profile:
Malonic Acid is not combustible on its own, but it may emit irritating or toxic fumes when heated.
Malonic Acid should be stored away from heat sources and open flames.
While Malonic Acid itself is biodegradable, its derivatives and by-products may have different environmental impacts.
Proper disposal practices should be followed to minimize any potential environmental harm.
Malonic Acid may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Malonic Acid is advisable to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling this compound.
Ingesting or inhaling Malonic Acid can be harmful.
Malonic Acid is important to avoid these routes of exposure. Ingestion may lead to irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.
