MANDELIC ACID 

Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C6H5CH (OH)CO2H.
Mandelic acid is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Mandelic acid is a useful precursor to various drugs.
The mandelic acid molecule is chiral.
The racemic mixture is known as paramandelic acid.

CAS number: 611-71-2
EC number: 210-276-6
Chemical formula:C 8 H 8 O 3
Molar mass:152.149 g mol −1

Mandelic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
There is some research showing that mandelic acid is an effective exfoliant.
Mandelic acid is not as effective as glycolic acid due to its larger size and slower penetration into the skin.
These properties may also make mandelic acid more tolerable for those with sensitive skin.
Mandelic acid must be packaged in an opaque container to remain effective.
Mandelic acid can be synthetic or obtained from almonds.
Like other AHAs, mandelic acid is most effective in products left in the pH range of 3-4.

Mandelic acid is good for certain blemishes and color tone inequalities.
Mandelic acid was discovered by German pharmacist Ferdinand Ludwig Winckler (1801-1868) in 1831.
Mandelic acid was discovered when amygdalin, a bitter almond extract, was heated with diluted hydrochloric acid.
Mandelic acids name is derived from the German word "Mandel" meaning "almond".

Mandelic acid is usually prepared by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of mandelonitrile, the cyanohydrin of benzaldehyde.
Mandelonitrile also reacts benzaldehyde with sodium bisulfite.
Thus, it can also be prepared by hydrolyzing sodium cyanide to form mandelonitrile.
Alternatively, it can be prepared via base hydrolysis of phenylchloroacetic acid as well as dibromacetophenone.
Mandelic acid is also produced by heating phenylglyoxal with alkalis.

Mandelic acid is a substrate or product of various biochemical processes called the mandelate pathway.
Mandelate racemase converts the two enantiomers into each other via a pathway that involves cleavage of the alpha-CH bond.
Mandelate dehydrogenase is another enzyme in this pathway.
Mandelate also originates from transcinnamate via hydroxylated phenylacetic acid.
Phenylpyruvic acid is another precursor of mandelic acid.

Mandelic acid derivatives are formed as a result of the metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase.
Biotechnological production of 4-hydroxy-mandelic acid and mandelic acid on a glucose basis has been demonstrated with a genetically modified yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Hydroxymandelate synthase, which occurs naturally in the Amycolatopsis bacterium, has been introduced into a wild-type yeast strain.
Mandelic acid is partially modified and expressed by changing the gene sequence.
Mandelic acid is also caused by the biodegradation of styrene and ethylbenzene, as detected in urine.

 
Mandelic acid has a long history of use in the medical community as an antibacterial, particularly in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Mandelic acid has also been used as an oral antibiotic and as an ingredient in chemical facial peels, similar to other alpha hydroxy acids.
The drugs cyclandelate and homatropine are esters of mandelic acid.

Mandelic acid gently removes dead skin and impurities from the skin, while equalizing skin tone and giving the skin a bright appearance.
In addition to supporting collagen production, Bakuchiol also prevents collagen destruction that increases with age.
In addition, Mandelic acid has effects on the mechanism that causes skin tone inequalities that occur with age.
Mandelic acid deeply moisturizes the skin and locks in moisture.
Mandelic acid helps the skin look more flexible and smooth.

Among other AHAs such as glycolic and lactic acids, mandelic acid has one of the largest particle sizes.
This allows it to be absorbed by the skin in a more "slow, smooth and superficial" way.
Mandelic acid stays on the skin surface longer.
As a result, mandelic acid is less likely to cause irritation, even in people with sensitive skin and deeper skin tones.
The powerful antibacterial properties of mandelic acid combine with its gentle exfoliating abilities to activate cell renewal.
These ingredients combine to defeat acne, dull skin, uneven texture, hyperpigmentation, and fine lines and wrinkles.

Mandelic acid increases collagen production.
Mandelic acid makes your skin brighter with regular use.
Although mandelic acid can be used simultaneously with many acids, you should not apply it to your face at the same time as Retinol.
“Both of these ingredients disrupt the skin barrier,” says Ege Chan, MD, a board-certified dermatologist in Santa Barbara, California.
So, when you have both retinol and mandelic acid on your skin, redness, sensitivity, and extreme dryness may occur.
You should also avoid mandelic acid if you are allergic to almonds.
You should also have an allergy test before adding Mandelic acid and its related acid types to your routine.

Mandelic acid has relatively large-sized molecules, so logically it penetrates into skin cells very slowly compared to others.
Lactic acid has similar uses as other AHAs, such as glycolic acid, in skin exfoliation.
Mandelic acid loosens dead skin cells attached to the skin.
After peeling, a significant improvement in the texture and tone of the skin can be noticed.
Mandelic acid has anti-microbial and anti-fungal effects.
This effect not only helps protect the skin against harmful acne-causing and body odor-causing microbes.
Mandelic acid also protects the product from any microbial growth.
Mandelic acid is an exfoliating agent with anti-inflammatory properties.
This combination is indeed very desirable in the case of a cosmetic product.
Mandelic acid can also stimulate the production of collagen and elastin, components of our skin that decrease with age.

Mandelic acid is the gentlest of acids.
Therefore, Mandelic acid can be used on many different skin types, including those with sensitive skin.
Mandelic acid is used in making toners, cleansers, shampoos and body washes.

Mandelic acid is a chemical exfoliant.
Exfoliation removes the upper layers of skin cells.
Some people find that removing old cells improves the appearance of their skin when it starts to look dull or dry.
Mandelic acid has been proven to exfoliate the skin.
The effect of mandelic acid in products depends on its concentration.
The FDA has approved products with mandelic acid concentrations of 10% or less for consumer use.
Doctors may prescribe products containing higher concentrations of active ingredients.

Mandelic acid has an important place in skin health.
Mandelic acid lightens skin tone.
Mandelic acid also improves skin appearance because it supports the production of collagen, the main protein found in skin and connective tissue.
The results of using mandelic acid vary from person to person.
 
Skin oils, bacteria, dead skin cells, and inflammation can trigger acne.
Using skin care products containing mandelic acid helps regulate sebum production, unclog pores and reduce inflammation.
Mandelic acid may result in fewer acne breakouts.
The exfoliating effect of mandelic acid removes dead skin cells, which can leave your skin firmer and smoother.
Mandelic acid may also have properties that lighten dark spots, such as those seen in melasma.
Research from 1999 shows that mandelic acid can reduce hyperpigmentation in melasma by up to 50 percent in about 4 weeks.

Mandelic acid, one of the alpha hydroxy acid types, is preferred in skin care, especially for peeling purposes.
Mandelic acid, which is good for skin problems such as acne, blackheads and pores, aims to make the skin look smoother by showing a controlled peeling effect.
Mandelic acid, which provides a peeling effect like glycolic acid and citric acid, which are other AHA types used in skin care, is suitable for even the most sensitive skin.
Since its molecular size is larger, mandelic acid penetrates the skin more slowly.
Mandelic acid creates a more gentle peeling effect.

Mandelic acid is often used as an alternative to salicylic acid.
Because Mandelic acid may be less irritating to the skin and more effective at treating blemishes.
Mandelic acid works by dissolving the “glue” that holds dead skin cells together.
This makes them easier to pour.
Mandelic acid is a chemical exfoliant that you can find in skin care products such as cleansers and toners.
Mandelic acid is one of the gentlest and most effective ingredients for exfoliating the skin.

Mandelic acid is the synthetic component.
Mandelic acid is an acid that has an exfoliant effect.
Mandelic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid.
Mandelic acid is obtained from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is used as an ingredient in topically applied cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Mandelic acid is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Mandelic acid is a white crystalline solid.
Mandelic acid is a gentle acid.
Mandelic acid decomposes dead skin.
Mandelic acid has an effect of cleansing the body from dead skin.

Mandelic acid is also widely used in the medical field.
Mandelic acid has a pain-relieving effect.
Additionally, antibiotic production can be facilitated by using mandelic acid.
The drugs cyclandelate and homatropine are esters of mandelic acid.

Mandelic acid is also widely used in the medical field.
Mandelic acid has a pain-relieving effect.
Additionally, antibiotic production can be facilitated by using mandelic acid.
The drugs cyclandelate and homatropine are esters of mandelic acid.

Mandelic acid has anti-inflammatory properties and supports collagen production.
Mandelic acid is one of the most harmless acids, suitable for sensitive skin type.
Mandelic acid is used in making tonics.

Mandelic acid, when used with vitamin C, causes a more radiant appearance on the skin.
Vitamin C helps mandelic acid cleanse the skin.
Mandelic acid supports the dead skin shed by mandelic acid.
Mandelic acid is compatible with vitamin C.

MANDELIC ACID
dl-Mandelic acid
90-64-2
2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid
611-72-3
Phenylglycolic acid
Amygdalic acid
paramandelic acid
Racemic mandelic acid
uromaline
almond acid
p-Mandelic acid
(RS)-Mandelic acid
2-Phenylglycolic acid
Hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid
Phenylhydroxyacetic acid
Glycolic acid, phenyl-
asido mandeliko
Kyselina mandlova
(+-)-Mandelic acid
alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
2-Phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid
alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-toluic acid
2-Hydroy-2-phenylacetic acid
DL-Hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid
(+/-)-alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
MGK 7925
(+-)-alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid
alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid
(+/-)-mandelic acid
2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetic acid
(+-)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acid
alpha-Toluic acid, alpha-hydroxy-
DL-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid
Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-
Kyselina 2-phenyl-2-hydroxyetanova
UNII-NH496X0UJX
NSC-7925
(+-)-alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
EINECS 202-007-6
EINECS 210-277-1
NH496X0UJX
Benzeneacetic acid, α-hydroxy-
alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, (+-)-
a-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
CHEBI:35825
AI3-06293
(+/-)-alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid
DTXSID6023234
2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acid
.alpha.-Hydroxy-a-toluic acid
a-Toluic acid, a-hydroxy-
Ammonium mandelate
MANDELIC-2,3,4,5,6-D5 ACID
(+)-Mandelat, XXI
Benzeneacetic acid, a-hydroxy-, (.+/-.)-
mandelic acid
MANDELIC ACID (MARCH.)
MANDELIC ACID [MARCH.]
MANDELIC ACID (USP-RS)
MANDELIC ACID [USP-RS]
Mandelic acid [USP]
DL-Amygdalic Acid
DL-Mandelic acid